1969-03-23 — Page 22

頁二第張六第 BADA=EUZEI WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華

1969 ?

經濟及公共事務科(二十)

·劉奇敏•

一九六九年中文中学會考試題預習3

生物科

莫愛桐·

日期星,日三廿月三年九六九一圈公年八十五國民中 育教鸳

取得氧氣和呼出二氧化碳至空氧中,皆藉。 經湿瀾之 進行 蚯蚓排墁氮廢物之主要器官為 10蚯蚓屬雌雄体行

蚯蚓的悴壁可分為。

、体受精而生殖

伝環剛蚯蚓的環帶位身体的

Economie &: Public artvina

寫出下鬧標線所指名稱

Lecture No. 20

By K.M.

前期練習解答

Answers to the questions in Exercise No. 48

AU形湖温土壌 一方之水上升,另一方下

bA三角瓶内三石炭水

潮湿

試

烘過

Question: (1) what do you mean by 'freedom of the

press'? What does it imply”.

Answer z

Throughout the English-speaking world, there is probably no other legal doctrine moré sacredly and zealously upheld than the one under which the world of journalism flourished, freedom of the press', which gives the newspapers absolute freedom to print and circulate fearlessly and liberally.

Freedom of the press ensures the complete abolition of government's censorship. In Hong Kong, cor instance, there is not a Government department to check the news and the other materials a newspaper wishes to publish before their publication, We must not. associate the Government Information Services Department (G.1.5. as commonly known to the newspaper-men) as a sort of press censor. This department does not, and

will surely nɔt, pass any censorship on our press, for

if that happens it would be a mockery to British

Justice under which this freedom to publish without

fear prevails, Within G.I.S. there does exist the film Censorship Section which checks and approves films before publie showing,.

In a country where there is no freedom of the press, newspapers are virtually under the control of the state. No newspaper is allowed to print anything which the government considers is likely to bring nara to it, even if it happens to be true. The government. can thus ens

ensure that members of the public can only know what it wants them to know. The truth is nevar revealed, and as long as this is so, the inhabitants of the country live under tyranny,

Freedom of the press has down the ages come to imply that firstly, the newspaper reserves the right te point out the faults of the government and its officials and to bring any irregularities in the government to the attention of the public. In a senso, the press is the community's 'watch-dog. The press can also publish criticisms of any resident or

institution so long as the privacy of either one is not intruded in doing so.

Secondly, a newspaper is not prohibited to gain 2008ss to sources of information that concerns public affairs, nor is it prevented from publishing opinions on public affairs. Thus the editorial of a newspaper ia given absolute freedom to comment on a diversity subjects that deal with the welfare of the community. Specialist writers have also been given this freedom. to write on the activities, economic or political, social or educational, of the community, and by reading the articles of these writers, members of the public can be accurately and truthfully informed of what is going on in the community. It is abundantly clear that without freedom of the press the newspapers are unable to fulfill one of their primary aims, and that is to inform the public.

Thirdly, a newspaper cannot be prevented from publishing anything, either by the intervention of the gerarmment, or by an order of the court. Any legal action against a newspaper mist come after the

Dublication of the news or opinion, and never before,

Freedom of the press also implies that the

government is not permitted to introduce arbitary or cessive taxation on a newspaper; otherwise it is possible and very easy for the government to stop newspaper. from publishing news and opinions. A newspaper should be allowed to operate within the country just like an ordinery business enterpriss, without any undue intervention from the government. other words the newspaper should flourish under #laissez-faire". Government can intervene or stop tha newspaper from operating (through a court order) if a breach of the law is caused.

Finally, freedom of the press implies that members of the general public are entitled to express their Opinions in the newspapers, However, it does not moan. that we can express-opinions in any way ve If we can, the reputation of many citizens can ba

Awe like, becausa

easily damaged, and can, in most cases, be damaged

rond recovery. It is therefore necessary, before a reader's letter can be printed, for the editor of the newspaper to have the true nams and address of the writer, as a sign of the writer's genuine desire to write on facts and not with the motive of stirring trouble for everyone. Journalists, toe, are aware of " the seriousness that accompanies the violation of the law of libel which prevents the freedom of the presa from being abused,

When we read our newspaper, we need not ever pause. to doubt if the acaplete truth has been reported, or if certain news or opinions have been intentionally withheld from publication. Unless the press in the country has been denied this freedom by which we are accurately informed of public affairs, we may think otherwise.

Question: 12) what are the chief characteristics of

Answer w

'man's wants, and how are they 'met?

Men's wants tend to compete with one another. This is explained by the fact that as things are limited in supply, scarcity as economists call it, we often find ourselves deciding whether to do this or to do that. Time and money in particular are greatly demanded by people, and when our decisions involve these two things, we find that a choice mist always be made. That wanta are competitive can be seen from our

our everyday experiences, For

we have to decide whether we

should spend transa, con reading a novel or watching

television, or whether we should do both but less of bach. This also gives rise to the significance of marginal utility and the application of equi-margina. returns (or the Law of Substitution).

據上園試勇武下利號碼所指部分切用

三填-

·蚯蚓屬於

蚯蚓体型對稱性為

3.蚯蚓消化管可分

等九部

4. $L$31.44 42 14 ALO1

動物門之生物

兩種

蚯蚓的血內無红血球,但血是紅色的原因是有. 存於血漿中

6.蚯蚓的指環系屬於

循環系

蚯蚓的循璞系中有相當於心臟的部分是

蚯蚓黛尊一之呼吸露艾皮酒微血管内之血液能從空氣

Another outstanding characteristic of human wanita

is that the number of our wants increases day after day Each morning as we wake up we find ourselves wanting more things to make our lives happy and comfortable. Yesterday we were delighted to have a radio set; today we want a radiogram and tomorrow, it is certain that we will long to have a tape-recorder, and so on. This characteristic, however, does not apply so much to our basic wants as our secondary. If there is an advantage to be got from this characteristic, it probably lies in its ability to provide us an incentive for work, Another thing to be noted is that had it not been for this characteristic we should not have had a high standard of living as we have today. Our lives have thus been unde more comfortable and easy.

Our wants are also generally joint. By this is mant that if we want to buy A commodity, we may also have to buy B commodity, because both ▲ and B commodities go together to satisfy our want. As an example we can illustrate this in the case of gramophone and records, Ope is useless without the other. Cuff-links and tie- clips usually come in sets, because most boys prefer these to match in order to appear more elegant.

The Last characteristic of man's wants is that they can be generally completely mot, However great is our desire for a particular commodity there is a limit to this desire, so that we are often satisfied with what we have. This characteristic has hence given rise to the Law of Substitution which states that when we have get a certain minimum amount of each article, it is possible for us to replace A article for B article, B article for C article and et cetera.

Free goods and economic goods exist to satisfy man's wants. Free goods are those things that exist freely around us and which we can obtain without effort. The air we breathe, the sand with which children play

白色沉澱B三角瓶則理活

選此現象・

CA三角瓶内を潮湿土

埌,有多種微生物生存,細菌為其中之一種,此等微生物 要進行呼吸,故瓶内氧氯韨吸去而呼出CO2, CO. 與 石灰水作用市土成白色酸銛沈澱故有b項を現 家二氧化碳消失了瓶内壓力便比前降低,又B三角 瓶め焼逼え土壌微生物已死亡無呼吸現象故歴 無改变,因此A瓶內壓力较B瓶低,故有几项之現象. 從呼吸現象可証明土垠有微生物生存 使水易代替土垠中氯体

因50 cm2容横之土垠中,其内有部分為空氯佔據之空

水有部分-

塞至上粒之空間中

容積

二者混合

該土埌容積.

後之容種

三空氣含量

a砂土→埌土 粘土

砂土之上粒平均較大,数其土粒蘭三突原市軟大,因此 客水之透遇量多且受毛細管现象之牽制万大、粘土則通。 得其反垠土則介於兩者之間故得上列此項之結果 2粘土>娘土砂

武粘土土粒間空陸水産 漏斗 ̇生毛细管現象大故保棉花

水較多,砂土則適得其

反埌土則介於兩者之 間故有上列で咥え読 *.

RENCA Road.

a 3 + >>

砂上土粒間空隙大當 產生毛細管現象時,因毛 細管孔道大,水分替代。 空氯易,因空氯易逐出之 故,粘土則適得其反琅 土則介於兩者之間,故得 上列2項之結果

粘土 > 埌土 > 砂土 粘土土粒間空隙小屋 生毛細管現象大故憶 慢逐出空氣而升摶最高 砂土関通得其反、壊工則

雨煮え間故有上

c項え結果

剣と結婚石場

粘米

Ha

·棉花

膠塞

by the beach, and the scenic landscapes of countries whion never cease to fascinate us are classic examples of fres goods.

Obviously, free goods alone cannot most our wanta, as we realize that our wants tend to grow in number as the years go by. If Nature fails to supply us enough things to meet our wants, then we have to produce them. Economic goods are thus produced to supplement free goods. These are things or services which are produced by our effort.

Often the gifts or nature must be utilized if #conomic goods are to be produced. For instance, a tree

standing alone in the forest is merely a tree, as it does not provide man any utility. But, through the expenditure of our time and effort we can turn the tree into many forms useful to us. For instance the bark can be converted into paper which in turn can be used to make newspapers, magazines, text books, etc; the trunk can be made into a boat or raft for convenient transport down the rivar; the wood can be turned into comfortable and attractive furniture.

It can be concluded that man't wants are met by the free gifts of nature, and where these gifts are incapable of satisfying our wants our productive methods are employed to create economic wealth, thus ensuring that at all times our primary and secondary wants are met, no matter how competitive and mumerous they are,

Exercise No. 19

What NOW DOLLcies were brought out in the 1969 Budket?

2. Explain the principal factors that arrect changes in

the population of a country.