1969-03-08 — Page 22

百二第張六第 日十二月正年己展 WAH KILYAT

1969TFUZ

14

歷史科

(十八)

HISTORY (18)

Compare and contrast the Taiping Rebellion of 1848 with the Revolution of 1911 1912.

The Taiping Rebellion and the Revolution of 1911 were notable upheavals of the Ching Dynasty. Both were engineered by people of humble origin. The former broke out in a time. when the Dynasty was seriously threatened by intruders from the West, The rule was becoming. weaker and more corrupt. In a word, it was a time when the Dynasty was in obvious decline. However, the Rebellion failed to overthrow the Manchus who had the active support of able. scholar-militarists like Tseng Kuo-Fen, Li Hung-Chang, and Tso Tsung-Tang, and the assist ance of foreigners like F. T. Ward, and Charles Gordon. At the end of the Rebellion, the Taiping leaders were declared traitors and. punished as such. The Revolution of 1911, on the other hand, was a successful one. Manchu popularity at the outbreak of the Revolution. had reached its lowest ebh. The time of the Revolution was, therefore, more favourable

than that of the Taiping Rebellion. When the Revolution became an established fact

republic was declared.

༢

The Taiping Rebellion grew out of the

visions of a mystic, Hung Hsiu Chuan, a

scholar by profession and a man who had failed.

three times in the provincial examinations.

He founded a new religion which contained an ad

He

mixture of certain forms of Protestant doctrine, the result of his contacts with a Baptist missionary at Canton, Issachar Roberts. proclaimed himself the "Heavenly King" and declared his intention of founding a new dynasty to be known as the "Perfect Peace". (T'ai P'ing) dynasty. His rebellion against the Ching dynasty continued from 1850 to 1864, With the help of an able strategist Yang Hsiu-Ching, he led his forces northwards to Nanking and attempted to reach Feking, being. thwarted by the Yellow River floods. Some of

the Protestant missionaries inclined to support him, but the Catholics were his opponents The British also inclined towards recognition of the rebels in the hope that they would be more sympathetic towards foreign intercourse The Americans, on the other hand, looked. towards support of the Imperial government. Later on, the British came round to the American point of view, and the American, F. T. Ward was succeeded in command of the "Ever Victorious Army" by the Englishman, Charles Gordon, The rebellion was eventually defeated, partly because of this foreign aid to the Imperial government, partly because Tseng Kuo-Fen created a new militia force of superior fighting qualities, and partly because it failed to provide conquered territory with either protec tion or constructive administration, but it was an obvious manifestation of the decline of the Ch'ing Dynasty.

The Revolution was by contrast, the actual. lend of the Ch'ing Dynasty which, on this occa- sion, did not receive support from the European powers and soon collapsed with very little resistance. It also started in the south but in contrast to the earlier rebellion spread rapidly through the south and west without ai first causing much bloodshed. It came after nearly a century of penetration of China by the West, but, unlike the Taiping Rebellion, did not owe much to Christian influence, though Dr Sun Yat-Sen himself was a Christian. Rather, it was inspired by Western ideals of democracy and majority rule, though from the first there were those who wanted a strong exécutive, notably Yuan Shih-Kai. The Revolu tion, like the Taiping rebels, failed for some time to establish an effective government over the whole country. Communist elements later made their appearance and are at the moment triumphant over practically the whole of China. The Revolution,

1, too, did not aim to set up a new dynasty but rather, to end all dynasties

These were the main and set-up a republic. differences between the two movements.

Write a brief history of Russia between 1801 and 1855.

Russia, at the beginning of the 19th

Serf century, was still a backyard country. dom existed and most people were leading miserable lives. Most land's were owned by the Crown and the

who constituted the

of Peter the Great, that efforts at moderniza-

These were continued tion were carried out. by Catherine the Great. Meanwhile, Russia also took a more active part in European. affairs. She reaped a great share at the three partitions of Poland and henceforth,} her influence was felt in Europe.

privileged class Obles not until the reign

In 1801, Czar Alexander I succeeded his

Alexander father Czar Paul, to the throne. was influenced indirectly by the ideas of Rousseau. Thus at the beginning of reign,

郭日僑筆

六明星 P八三年九六九一曆公年八十五國民中育教僑

一九六九年中文

=1.406 x

=4.

(米)

物理科

7.音調之振数為200

鄧恩

of 4 x ƒ = V / 2 l

設声速為3.32米/秒

次/秒

f = 33200/2× 83

- 200 (次/秒)

莫苔之振数與原振数之比為20:1

解公式 f = V/2l

已知音速與绝葑温度之平方根成正比划

$1/ J2 = √Ti/√Tz.

IJA ZAMEZKWELIUME

1. 频率約為每秒320次

解由振弦公式」

f = 2x50 x

25 % 1000X981

4.79/200

320 (次/秒)

2.3 £± 3 0 B 1.027 A

解油振弦公式

T = m (alf)2== 80 × 4 x 50 x 50°

1024 x 10

3两弦振動之頻率之比

- F-3

Ti

牙两弦三直径之

廣

253

解因单位長之質量與其機機 該處正比 鼓山及山分别象动弦和姐弦之直径则

2

X dz

3x d

bx 2 = a2/√3 &

5 35 2 4 2 5 1.308 £

而果第一泛音海基当之两低故其男

• m x 75=-

= = = = x

1 = 3 x

75

4 X 1000 X 981 X 75

(200) x (75) 1308 (t)

6管長為1406迷;另一躞袭王管系則尚

4.21.8*

§*AN J = V/4L

=~/45 = 1440/4×256 = 1.406

l=v/4x+5

= 1440/4×3×256.

fe seemed to favour liberal ideas. Reforms were introduced, which included the abolition of serfdom and the secret police; the freeing of exiles and political prisoners; and the improving of education, the army system and the Russian land. Even a constitution was promised, though it was never granted. On the Whole,

these reforms were by no means thorough and little was achieved.

It was in the Russian part of Poland: where Alexander's liberal attitude was most obvious. The Poles under Russian rule did not only enjoy an almost autonomous govern ment, but also the freedom of speech and religion. Poles occupied important posts in the government. The Polish language was made the official language.

Alexander's liberal policies were short- lived. He was soon influenced by the ideas of Prince Metternich who was a downright: opponent to reforms and revolutions. With the outbreak of mutinies in the Imperial Guards, Alexander eventually changed his policies to repressive ones. Censorship of school text-books, withdrawal of controversial subjects in the universities, etc., were the results.

is foreign policies

a change of the same nature so underwent":

When Metternich. intervened in Italy and Spain under the name) of the Holy Alliance and the Congress System Alexander showed no objection whatsoever. The last years of Alexander's reign saw a violation of all his early promises. In 1825. he died.

Upon the death of Alexander I, his brother mounted the throne as Nicholas I a result of an unsuccessful conspiracy aiming.

As

273716

2734127

17:20

#

此温度为95.3° C

STi

Rij

5./5=√T1 /√T2, R1J

Ta = Ti (~#2)` = (273+18) (-2)2

=291x-84

=368.3

KHALBAO 368.3-273=95.3°C

10.两管长度之比

2

為其振数

23MELE £ b***.

f=V/200

5=v/46

v/26 = 5/42

l1=1:2

工强及空氣柱之振動問答計算題

し方一鋼嫁下財一話獎重錘報で密度都2-7

在此線中之横向酞立波之墓音频率

$3,00次/秒其後將重錘之一半体積浸入

求此情況下之基音频率

2.1J 15 #232 2 H

一鋼絲長一米至0.024克其两端在緊張時 所受 350 $200 牛頓試求其第二泛昔之

3.何謂拍者

رطا

餐與一首义同振勤時其相差8秒

頻率較低若皆

砂声速湯340.

署去管 E 何改变炸熊與苦必共鳴 C時求長及尚50厘米 依次再諧書き頻葬

為閔

遠寿毎秒331 米

at securing parliamentary reforms, Nicholas introduced a repressive policy. Within and without Russia, his policy was identical

the maintenance of autocracy.

Within Russia, the evils of society, such as serfdon, became more severe. Repressive measures. brought people more miseries and strikes, as well as uprisings were frequent In most cases, they were suppressed with great cruelty and rebels receive horrible penalties. However, Nicholas was not blind to the fact that reforms were needed in the country. Certain re forms were carried out. But generally a reactionary policy prevailed in the country.

Abroad, Nicholas concentrated on the expansion of Russia and the suppression of liberalism. In Asia, sia acquired a large – area of territories, In Europe, she did not hesitate in helping the Greeks to fight against the Turks. She became involved in the affairs of Eastern Europe. The Eastern Question", arising over the decline of the Ottoman Empire finally dragged Russia to war in 1854 with Britain and France. In the Crimean War (1854) Russia suffered tremendous. losses. All the inefficiencies and corruption of Ctardom we re revealed in this war. Reform was clearly necessary, but Nicholas did not live to see it. He died in 1855.

Questions for next week:

Give an account of the Meiji Restoration in Japan,

During most of the 19th century, there was enmity between Britain and Russia. Discuss the reasons for this. Why did, the two countries eventually make up their differences?