1969-01-31 — Page 22

真二集張六第日四十月二十年申戊磨夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

日僑單

五期晃日一卅月一年九六九一圈公年八十五國民装中育教倭蘢

保多加复做大其廠及鳥一同年左華行。...

香港的羅馬噴泉

及本港和一到望本身,而「落得外界安謝,完成 猘玄章寫作物巧。比賽其董觥,以马祖母經勞

·珠海馬英國廣成大爽核,文比賽之特色-鼎其行 车里整射,如君之際,

·經濟雞堡,昨(兰士)的鼾聲望的。此與所得聽持。除於其祖母 生和一名社會工作者的 得到與助,以建成他們,其厚愛寫個母做工 (唐)两名中一涵经被交比赛中练进而一中學生,由於家境困 國寶威藥廠及香港和記洋行使其實現 一位學生、一位社會工作者及一位電 中五之墨費共千六百元 定支付君出事在起至

車司機 在文章中說出願望 結果英

一花文比賽三位提共人) 贝皮大藥廠代表弟段(右一)與夏大材 雪路和記 行事事実(左第一人)及

滨,保費為雅巴塞 新央已由,其士獨花 童子軍到融之用。比

一年陳鎮爲獲得八 經費安助骨说凫产

好就會工作者,他的新

第二位瑞腾人出演

海協電車到,由於鞋

港大社會學系主義

鶴健士教授

又有辭職訊

據來批 港大

斯頓娘·米级研究院担任教席。..

進開售校又有另一名歌接絲腰不幹, :(特戲)在香槽大學正受到邦葉與藍中 :杜會學系發展緩雙

香

|改善工業教育| 亟待多提意見一

添念。 七七號實用英兼在詞。 位者,可向西紿菜鲜十爲「隆之基紅實」,

·八號二樓國讀城道一一四各士界人入座,有 被市出國,有意申請學 陳尚典教授主持,世題 |問許多著名大學,健安日下午二時,機大會堂 翠有很多者獲此文,九樓南灣發行。甜 大英國聯邦各大基及橋段日等座高本圆 (猪)加山孔亞

- 生多作提供

·册港大、工班及工業中學.

·第生。所提出之隔題頗多,可恰域: ,包括工夠教育界,工無界及工業 之實憲問題,起多方面的評論

在蒍地利亞工業學校中 能腐利完成中五事業。對這些問冯有什塾意見,多些出來 三种就似之長子孔元 大工科配製「專」中學工柒學生 仁安助藥費五百元,使一直打賞梅,我影筒尤其是工科學生,對團多發表 在他辘得「夏士蓮藝花,例同意其能,这家校友」之來南,切實惠集各務 女像落,入不敷出,現就是坦個比較簡域的問題,各方面的意思已告不 ,fe「H」感生有幽比有三百必行。因 同,究竟道意見的分歧造如何產生呢?因此,我

的可厥,均不滿日帥神遇,並列出一 的費沿发在五百元以上。而從養生 :先生的宋廷,認爲該校學生樂在 高出了。歹例如,工專校長沈星若 很合理了,比其它一些随洲國家。

·康居,認爲今天香港工業的待登已

7.切塊的三路

·感賓,係英國灣大業 教帮助。此柯安,一工業歆1月二十 「風蔥花現日改善工棠教育的問纓所在,將於我們工第一

祁賣現代之书1

一郯舘導下,言微推行 「培華宮年之性,萬性

書院,在終際獲使得收

《戀扒》九龍河北

·校風焕然一新

建照顧黃苦而好遠。

推笠教

國際英文書院

民

難困業就生業畢

留在發佈公擬不方校

舉校响影恐因

集

業硬生一方我

日

不

元

單元

楊健先生 關于工業

·的一些教育情况如博高出

重典的段導,我現將我

: 實前途的點論变料。

「校方未能面對現實,

就妾所謂「天體事件] 本期初我校學生會升

現,全授教雄鳥遺方会 就不被范法在和威點」一直有一物根之腹者,會癌及該角攝架出登录困織

萬方學,段

面 均卫 生

:成校又的角品匦氣,來迫是過去的寨,也不是什麽教育問題 抛 一,在本學期日歌镛 建生出路困難而影响校妾,我未接筆知 【熱點,故在各方面均有爲有形的校驗。究竟是由,就穿情况非鍋遭所。

· 結果就把刊物開了燈「天」;引智筦話。本

【苦我得獲安助修費、近一打自有公斤,非1第一基所能左右的。扭過數基

罗王卡斯會計主任戴霖思向震學生一本排亦可考取·

港六年,致力於科學裂腰拓鏓的今天。可惜我校的骤些舘比 不 血後打銀行香港满月被虜獲假三個月一的,聽道否是為了-

實學生的獄外資料屬的紅 庇理羅士女校其班员,他說,由於沈教師集本少语,全改千多名學生只有馅离五天 一個畫獄主任,在香港服|全,其中出書館的熱度及整息缺少不了的,尤其 黼中基督教區張宅及高生播磨菇基的問題了,相钴工業敦育的露 孫高,故現你有些少,這樣的稿件,是否在今天的大專院校璟跌出現呢 實力,以校園書館來能,今天已遂成爲我們 ?這種致育制度,不是工業發育所應有的?..

「要发事。查本會自去年與政府簽訂合約後,即成立專爲命及投訴其所受 :逃吝式:堄阳,貴部一月廿九日教育版狽者來函,有關本會官校根本 該會會長鍾華亮諸官校組會員注意

受不合理待遇得投訴

香港政府華員會會員

· 精大融文憑、成一楣建要的工芽教育携,帕基其香港工荣驳

本

漼論會養蟻館,或輔政司C十四定,本書官校租,由本人化,以便商

主出交流。此

慈專區渡日五了比才

中高生品 英文而說, +護蕃塑合中文

陳崇美主

CC文中學會考試題預習

歷史科

genera

in China

(十三)

HISTORY (13]

y_of_the_Boker Rdatng (1900)

The Empress Dowager was strongly anti-fore ign This feeling was shared by many of her subjects. After the failure of the reform movemat in 1898, many, Manchu princes still believed that they could save the dynasty by expelling the barbarianar out of China, Anti-foreign demonstrations became they order of the day. Many western inventions were distasteful to the Chinese, particularly railroads and telegraph Lines. Thus dn 1900 the Chinese turned to a very different way of responsing to the menace of Western influence, This was manifested in the rude and violent movement, the Baker Rising, Thei aim of the Boxers, in 1900, was to support the Ch*ing and to destroy the foreigners.

there.

At the end of the nineteenth century revived in China an old, formerly anti-Man secret society. This society took the name of the I} Ho Chuan.g In fact, it. was a branch of the rebellious Eight Trigrams Society (or Pa Kua Chiao), which was vaguely connected with the anti-Hinchu White Lotus Society in North Chint, The Hanchus had ordered the suppress of the Eight Trigrams Society un the early nineteenth century but it managed to, survive in the provinces of Shantung and Chihli.The T Ho Ch'uan of the Jate nineteenth century was translated by westerners as the fiata of Righteous) Harmony" or simply as the "Boxers". Its members practised their own form of so-called Chinese

boxing through which they aimed to harmonise the nind and muscle in preparation for combat. They, al feveloped a magic art which, the Boxers claimed, gave them a supernatural power. This power made the Boxers impervious to foreign bullets,

At first, the Boxers were anti-Manchu es well as anti-foreign, However, in the autumn of 1899 their aim was shifted from anti-Manonu to pro Manchu. Foreign missionaries and their Chinese followers became their first object of attack. Frince Tuan, father of the Emperor Kuang Hàii, gave the society bie active support. later, the Empress] Dowager was won over by the Boxers, worth China - became a very dangerous area for foreigners, dy Junë, 1900.

the foreign legations in Peking were serious. threatened. Foreign troops sent to relieve the legations were defeated. The chancellor of the Japanese legation, Sugiyama, was murdered on June, 11. Un June, 13, the boxera began to destroy the legations and missions, Foreigners and Chinese Christians were forced to take refuge in the British legation or in the Catholic Cathedral, On the next day, hundreds of Chinese Christians were burned to death in the city. The German Ambassador, Baron vom Ketteler,

was ahot to death on the twentieth. The same day also saw the siege of the British legation and the Catholic Cathedral. This lasted for almost :two mouths

Meanwhile the Empress Dowager was so enraged by the destruction of the Taiku force by foreign warshipey: that henceforth she gave the Exers here active, support. The ultimatum of Westermere so annoyed Tou Hei that the Chinese goveriment declared war on all foreigners, Peking and other places in the north.

hell on earth for all foreignere and Chinese Christians. Plunder, murder, and arson were the order of the day."

The Long Beige of the British legation cam to] an end on August: 14, 1900, when the combined force of Russia, Japan, the United States, England, France Germany, Italy, and Austria arrived. Two days later, the Gatholic Cathedral was also relieved. The allied) army then marched towards Peking. The Empress

wager fled with her court into the north-west where she stayed for about year before going back

oreign troops engaged.

killing, and

on the brutat

to the capital. Meanwhile themselves in a series of

in Pekin as a kind

behaviour of the Boxers In the course China as a whole suffered

To conclude the boxer Rising, peace settlement'ai

followed. Un September 7, 1901, the Boxer Protocol was finally signed by Prince Ch'Ang, Li thung Chang and the powers, The terms of the treaty required

the Ching government'to execute. tan high officiale: and punish one hundred others. Formal apologies were to be sent to Japan and Germany. In order to punish the gentry class for the support it gave to the -Baxers, examinations in forty-five cities were to be! suspended. The terms also required the expansion of the Lagation Quarter, to be fortf led and permanently garrisoned Twenty-five Chinese forts were to be destroyed and a dozen railway posts were to be occupied by foreigners to eneure foreign access to Peking from the sea, Teport duties were to. be raised to an actual 5 per cent and an indemnity of 450 7. million taels (about #333 million) way to be paid from various customs and salt reveries in gold; over forty years at interest rates which would more than double the amount.

The Manchus were fortunate enough not to be overthrown, China also suffered no territorial loss) But the Boxer Rising hastened the downfall of the Ching dynasty by furthermore revealing her weakness to foreigners and Chinese republicans alike) The allies allowed the tanchus to retain the throny because they choss to accept the Boxer Rising as rebellion rather than a government sponsored anti- foreign movement. Almost immediately after the Boxerr Rising, the Chinese government carried out reforma Thus, the period from 1901 to 1911 saw the appearance of reforms introduced by the ruling clasa, However, the reform movement was far from being complete when the dynasty was overthrown bv_the republicàns.

lid revolutionary] movements)in\1848 — 1849 fail to unite Germany?

The period from 1830 to 1848 saw the growing discontent of people under foreign domination in Europe. A desire for political freedom and national} unity mounted up steadily until widespread y revolutions broke out in almost every part (OF Europe, In one way, these revolutionary movementa ware comohi they were all motivated by the desire for political freedom. In some places, this desira was intermingled with the desire for national unity? It was in Italy and Germany where both desires weraf so interwoven with one another that they were inseparable.

Germany had been unier a loose Germiniõ Confederation in the years preceding 1848. Though) the autocratic and repressive rule of Prince Hatternich had auccessfully subdued the elements off: opposition, yet the desire for Germnic unity was always present. In the German states, many writers! and poets devoted much of their efforts to stir up a revolution through the influence of their writings end poems on the people. A certäin German poet, Georg Herweg, who was often called the "standard bearer of the Revälution of 1848", presoned hatred of despotism and called upon the German people

Erzinst the autocratia rude of letterzicha

Frederick Willish IV, who becams the King fór Frusala in 1840, paid little attention to the -sentiment of his

sin the yeare following nin enthronement, 68veral riots broke out. The attitude. of the people became so-threatening that the Prusiián Government

prontse in February 1847 a United Prussian Pa ihent which was responsible to advise the king on the making of new laws. However, when the representatives of the Parliament mat for the first time, they demanded a written Constitution. The angry monarch thus dissolved the parliament in June 1847. This was not the end of the atory. When the nawa of the so-called February/ Revolution in Franoe arrived at Berlin, the Berliners, demanded for a written constitution, AÐ:

tina of Prince Matternich's fall, rdote brod out. To avoid further disturbances, the Fire onised reforms, ■ It (seemed that the people

Over the Governusnt..

In

March 1848, about

five

hundred

leaders, all

anxious to see Germany united and under democratio rule, met at Frankfort on the Main to discuss for the calling of a natimal assembly which would be assigned with the responsibility of the drawing up of a constitution of a unified Germany. This move. waa sanctioned by the Diet of the Germanic Confederation, though the rulers of the various Germania states had not been consulted beforehand. The embers of the Frankfort Assembly, drawn almost entirely from the middle class, were elected by universal manhood suffrage and were thus. representative of the general will of the people. The main purpose of the Assembly was to set up a constitution for the whole of Germany. In other words, it was seeking for democracy and unity for Germany.

For the first time in German history,

representatives elected by the people were framing the fate of the electors. The Austrian and Prussian Governmenta were too tied up with domestic "disorders to intervene with the assembly. The

Assembly also encountered little opposition from other national bodies, since it was sanctioned by the Dist of the Germando Confederation, Rapid and drastic measures should in fact be taken so as to make the change permanent. However, the Assembly: made little headway towards its goal. Ko unanimous) agreement was reached concerning the solution of problems arising. Much precious tim was wasted discussing whether a Hapsburg or a Hohenzollern MOS) to be the ruler of a new Germany. Another problem was whether the non-erman temitories (such as

Hungary, Bohenis, and Italian stetes under Austriar rule) should be included or not. Meanwhile, the reactionary rulers of several German states were strengthening themselves in order to regain their former nosition

The new constitution was at last ready by January, 1849. This constitution was to give Germ a federation of democratic states. An assembly, chosen by universal manhood suffrage, was to compose)

of all-German representatives and constitute the highest authority in Germany. The emperor of the new federation was to be given the executive power and to rule through a reaponsible ministry. However, the} problem whether the frown was to be given to a Hapsburg or a Hohenzollern still existed. Finally, when Austris excluded herself from the federation, saying that the Austrian lands were indivisible, it, was decided that the Hohenzollern king of Prussia/ would be made the bereditary emperor. To the disappointment of the assembly, the Prussian King, Federick William M. refused to accept the offer.

Hia refusal was based on the ground that he would not accept the sovereignty created by an Assembly chosen by the people. During the succeeding weeks, public Bupport for the, Assembly began to break away. Twenty-eight Germs states did accept the constitution, but the kings of Bavaria, Wurttemberg, Hanover, and Saxony were determined not to surrender any of their sovereign rights. The Austrian deputies soon withdrew from the assembly. Some of its members. were recalled and others withdraw voluntarily, The Frankfort Assembly was dissolving gradually.

The efforts at uniting Germany and giving her

́a democratic government had met with railure. Frederick. Willian IV now falt himself strong enough to do something against the revolutionary movement, Most of the liberal clubs in Prussia were closed and the Fraried ort Assembly was finally dissolved in w April 1849. Many who had took part in the struggle for dehderatic principles. had to abandon their country to other placea. Those who did not eadape were inrisoned. The first practical attempt by the German people to found a united German state thua/ came to an end-

Questions for next wek

Describe Bisarök's efforts at unifying Garian)

what were the dates of the Revolution of 1921 Ka) China 21.