1969-01-18 — Page 15

ERENCE LIBRARY

18 JAN 1969

产教係華 頁三第張四第 日一初月二十年申戊愿望 WAH KIU AT EAT報日橋

1-KERS

VLEESCREE

青年文化社

·,謝去一年來會辦

KAER BUKSE

牢朋友歡迎,由於安

KRIGENET bot

KEGEL

踏士宮個。

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本翼 學 中生

同一線,在友滾合作

CJEROB-RVE

六期星

日八十月一年九六九一麿公年七十五國民壅中

勵行,組有一期實

羅師學生會刊物呼籲組織

英文中學會考試題預習

地理科

劉玉領。

GEOGRAPHY (11).

(a) Describe and explain the nature or .ng Kong's

import and export trade.

Vo) Explain why it is that light ustries are more

important than heavy industries in Hong Kong.

(a) Import fraco

Industry today as the most important economic activity in Hong Kong. Since not much of the necessary raw materials are produced locally, they are largely imported from. overseas, Thus raw meterials become the leading category of all our imports. They include textile yarn (especially cotton thread), textile, fibres, base metals and plastic materials, all of them are required by our factories. In 1962, this category represents 406 by value of all imports. Food is the second most important category since there is not enough food produced from our limited area of cultivated. land for the dense population. The food imported consists of cereals mainly rice), live animals (mainly pigs and cattle, fruit, vegetables and dairy products. In 1962 food represents 26.6 by value of all imports. Coil and oil are imported to provide power for our industries while oil products are also used to refuel the numerous. ships and aeroplanes which pass through Hong Kong

achinery, motor-cars, buses, lorries and other manufactured goods are also important imports.

The main source of these imports is China, which in 1967 supplied 22% of Hong Kong's imports consisting mainly of food (animals, fruit, vagetables, textile goods. Japan was the second most important supplier (19%), sending textile : goods, machinery, plastic moulding materials, tobacco, fruit, vegetables and medicines. The third supplier was the US.A. (14%), followed by United Kingdom (9%) which sent machinery, cars Lorries, buses, textiles and base metals Theiland (3%), which supplied rice and live animals, and Germany (36)

he must note that not all these imports are consumed locally some of them are to be exported. to other countries.-

Export Trade

The manufactured goods or mong nong made up 76% of the total exports in 1962. Clothing and textiles are the most important items, including a wide range of shirts, shorts, trousers, jumpers, jackets, underwear, nightwear, gloves, stockings, hats, cotton cloth, cotton sreet, towels, and cotton yarn (thread). The second most important group of experts are those made out of plastic-artificial flowers and fruits toys, buttons. The remaining exports consists of.

"a very wide range of goods, such as metal

household, utensils, electrical goods.

transistors, sets, transistors radios), rubber and leather boots and shoes,

The chief customer of Hong Kong is the J.S.A. because it bought 37% of all Hong Kong' exports in 1967. Then came the United Kingdom (17%), best Germany (6%), Canada (36); Australia (33), Japan (3%), Singapore (2%), Indonesia (26) and Sweden (2). Our industrial products have world-wide markets mainly because, they are cheap and of very high quality.

The remaining 246 of Hong Kong's export trade is the re-export trade. In the past entrepot trade was very important, Goods from China were unloaded in Hong Kong and then exported to other countries and goods were also imported into China through Hong Kong. Since the Korean War restrictions have been placed trade with China. Consequently, China is no Longer the chief market of the re-exparts of Hong Kong. The chief entrepot trade partners in 1967 were Indonesia (23%), Japan (15%), Singapore (10%), the U.S.4.(66), Formosa (4%).

(b) Before we say which kind of industry is more

important than the other, we have to take into consideration the relative advantages and disadvantages which affect the industrial development of Hong Kong

There are certain advantages in Hong Kong which have favoured its industrial development. First of all there is a plentiful supply of Labour the number of people employed in factories totalled more than 370,000 in 1965: The large labour pool is formed not only hir hich birth rate, but also by the constant

influx or refugees from the Mainland since there Was a change in the government in 1949. Some of them have brought technical knowledge which has

been very useful especially in industry, meanwhile we have to understand that industrial labour is not manpower along-there must also be wall- qualified labour and technicians with good industrial education. We hope, with the diversification of our education system in the: future, more skilful labour will be trained from technical schools to cope with the expansion in industry.

The refugees from the Mainland not only have brought labour force to Hong Kong, but sche also have brought capital to the Colony. Further capital from oversea Chinese also found its way to Hong Kong owing to the political instability throughout S.E. Asia. The stable. government of Hong Kong also encourages the flow of investments from foreign countries. It is also significant to note that Hong Kong does not need the aid of the Colombo Plan which is: deisgned to help the under-developed countries of 3.E. A18. Thus we see that Hong Kong. capital is very solid and is a very advantage.0113. condition.

The natural harbour and excellent ponu facilities provide efficient ocean transport which is another advantage. Internal and transport seems to be inefficient, and road wideening is not easy because of the hilly nature of Hong Kong. It is hoped that more tunnels, underground railways, hanging highways, will be built soon so that this factor will no. longer be a disadvantage,

Because the manufactured goods of Hong Kong are cheap and of high quality, it is not very difficult to seek for foreign buyers. This is evidenced by the success in participating in various trade fares and exhibitions, held in

oversea countric.

There are, however, three serious handicaps affecting the industrial development of Hung Kong, The lack of industrial land is the first one. As a rule, land for industrial purposes is best to be found in where easy and effisien. land or sea transport is available. Un both sides of the harbour are the most densely. populated areas where the price of land is very high. It is therefore not easy to build a spaceous factory to start a heavy industry in the very populous urban areas. In recent yes mich lend have been reclaimed for industrial. purposes, e.g. in Kwun Tong, Chuen han, et Chung where efficient transport is made available to allow industrial expansion to extend to the outskirts of the city,

The limited water supply is snotho. disadvantageous condition. There is an increasing demand for water as the population grows rapidly. The demand will become even greater as expansion in industry continues. The dry year of 1963 had adversely affected the industrial development, particularly the textile industry. Thus the water-supply problem is an important consideration in any future development of industry. The long term plaming in hend-building of another Plover Cove and the expansion of the present. Cova will double again the storage capacity.

Finally Hong Kong has no raw materials its own and no power resource. For example. though there is iron, there is no coa

to allow the iron and steel industry to be carry out. Thus any heavy industries ⠀⠀ associated with it cannot be established. Despite the fact that heavy industries like shipbuilding and repairing, shipbreaking and aircraft engineering are found in Hong Kong, it is best to make use of the cheap labour anu available capital and to meet the demand of the. market by developing light industries, like cotton textiles, garment-making, plastic metalwork and rubber products.

ight industries therefore are more Important than heavy industries in Hong Kong?

20. In what ways do you think that Taiwan has a bright.

future for industrial development?

Ana:

The industrial development of Taiwan 23 favoured by several factors.

Taiwan is a small island, but the population density is not high its population is 11 million)',' There is more space offered for further industrial development though most of the lowland is being used for agricultural use.

There is also a rich supply of power resources on the island. Since there is high relief and rain- fall is heevy, there are many swift flowing rivers which offer the potential for hydro-electric power development H.E.P. station are set up in bany places, the Sun Moon lake Station and the himen Station are the larger ones. Electricity is therefore cheap and convenient, supplying the chief) source of power to all factories. Coal is also mined rear Keelung, but of low quality and is not; very suitable for coking purpose..

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Internally, there as easy communication for carrying the locally produced raw materials to the factories and to carry the finished products to the markets. On land, railway lines make a 2,300 mile network around the island (except on the eastern part of the island) with branches running to mires, agricultural districts, sugar plantations and lumbering centres. There are also highways running round the island and crossing it. The newly constructed east-west nighway links. The east and west which are separated by mountain ranges runnin from north to south. Off-shore- transportation is easy and port facilities are available at Keelung and Kaoshiung. The position of Taiwan is also an advantage as it is situated on the margin of the busy Pacific Ocean.

good supply of Labour car de opLained from the 11 million people. The tropical but changeable climate stimulates their work power throughout the year.

The mature or industries of a place, however depends on the kinds of raw materials árailable. Taiwan has rich supplies of sugar cane, tea, camphor, wood, food products etc. Japan is also

supplier of other temperate raw materials. There are also a number of minerals, like gold, silver, Sulphur, pospherous offering small scale mining activities

udging from these conditions, it seems that heavy industries will not be so important in Taiwan as the raw materials are mainly agriculturel products though heavy industries like ship-building (at Keeling and Kaoshiung), cement manufacturing, chemical industry, fertilizer making are present. Lipat industries such as textile industry (raw. material imported) and food processing industries rice milling, sugar refining, pineapple canning, tea refining, pulp and paper making may have a better chance for expansion..

KELET & KALWAYS OF THIWAN

·LAND OVER 150

MW RICE

Questions for next week:

CÈS OF, TAIWAN

SUBAK CANA

Jute

BANANA

HYDRO-I POWER

Divide the langtze Valley into three subregions and write geographical account of each of thea.

22. Compare the North Chira Plain and the Loess

Plateau under the headings of relief, climate and lend use

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·真四第張四第

-彬的实现是熱然两做事,

日一初月二十年申戊屣夏

WAH KIU YAT PO