1969-01-12 — Page 14

報日僑華 日期星 日二十月二年九六九一公年八十五國民巷中

roada especially at the corners are a source of,

constant danger to cars especially motor cycles and

寘二第張四第

日四廿月一十年申戊夏

WAH KIU YAT PC

1969 VIE

經濟及公共事務科 (+)

劉奇敏

Ecchomic & Public Aff

Lecture No. 10

Answers to Exercise No.

Kuestions (1) Account for the increasing number of

[Answer:

traffic accidents in Hong Kong and

Buggest ways and means to reduce these accidents.

Many factors are attributed to the appalling increase in the number of accidents on Hong Kong roads. In all fairness, all sections of the community must take a share of the blame, it

*To begin with, there has never been the observance or practice of road manners in Hong Kong. Our roads are no different to a bloody battlefield in Vietnam where Wevery man is for himself". A little courtesy Aleplayed by everybody goes a long way to reduce the death rate of one every day. Hong Kong people tend to be salfiah particularly in the use of our roads. Take the taxi and the mini-van drivers. They are often desperate and logically reckless, Time is vital to them, so they regard speed as the prerequisite of tueir daily earnings.The more passengers they can pick or even "pinch" from others within their operational time; the more auspicious would be their financial rewards) at the end of the day.

Lane Jumping is often the cause of miltiple collisions or freak accidents. When one is in a great hurry, as does the professional driver, one's driving beccoes erratic, you can see his car zig-zagging along the road. But non-professional drivers are equally guilty particularly those who think that they are participating in the International Grand Prix at Monte Carlo.

elfishness fa also reflected in another way. It is common for local motorists to regard one another as an Foramy" and the result is that no consideration is shown to each other not to say respects, To see one motorist waiting willingly and patiently for another; to pase is indeed a rare sight. Moreover, motorista never appreciate the use of signals either manual or mechanical. komen drivers, unfortunately, are the worst offenders of this malpractice, Halting suddenly or making a U-turn ory getting into another car's path unhesitantly, all done without any signals to show driver's intention, 15 the habit of many a driver

All too frequently one considers the acquisition of a driving Licence as the glorious comencement af the intermittent violation of the fundamental ruler of safe and joyful notoring, It would not be far too wrong to suggest that the Licence is a ssport to the land of Cimmerian darkness. Either the learner drivers, once they have passed their testa, qulaklyj forget what they have been taught, things like proper signalling procedures, observsnow of the highwa and traffic lights, or their instructors have to teach them such things as would reduce the average number of 27 rand casualties each day. De therefore blame the leamer drivers or the instructors? he blame neither one, but bothil

sode

Most instructors apart from teaching their pupils to start and stop the car and other alliedj knowledge, do not give their pupils such hints as might help to increase the pupils' future driving safety and pleasure. How many drivers have heard of the term "de-clutch" until after they have met a nasty accident while behind the wheel of a Triumph Spitfire-104, for the cause of the accident was that driver was unable to get the 3rd gear to the 2nd one in time. Only the technique of "de-clutching! can do it, regardless of what type of sports car one is driving./

Have you heard of ja driverless car rolling down a hill and injuring, if not killing, a few helpless. Children? Why? Again, the cause can be traced to the T carelessness (or more appropriately, ignorance) of the Owner of "the"car. Although he had locked the hand-brake, he forgot that it might slip into the "off position When a slight pressure was applied to the car, OTH

Sometimes without the application of such pressure. Positioning the front wheels pointing towards the kerb (if the car is parked on a uphill slope), and putting the gear in the first position, can prevent the car from rolling backwards, should the hand-brake break,

It 19 apparent that the standard of driving in Hong Kong must be improved otherwise road accidenta? will continue to rise like our population figures, Drivers must use skill and not instinct in their driving, nar must they be persuaded to drive with speed! risking their lives and those of others on the roads,

Mechanical failure or faults in vehicles áre another factor which is responsible for our read accidents, Goods venicles and heavily-laden trucks] especially those that frequent the New Territories roads are in very bad shape, mechanically speaking that is, and they normally hold up the traffic. Cars bought, from second-hard shopa can also be labelled as "dangerous“. Most “used-car" dealere are notorious for their dishonesty.They all, with an exceptionally few, possess the "gift or the gap". A mechanically-unsound/ car can be easily passed by them as a good bargain. Most purchasers know, very little about cars; some even cannot tell an Alfa-Romeo apart from a Lotus-flần, not to say possessing a knowledge of the engine that makes the car move. If people are therefore more cautious about the cars they buy, and are more mechanically- wise, they can help keep deaths and injuries off the roads. Another point is that most people never maintain or service their cars regularly, only after they are involved in an accident, but sometimes it is, alas, too late.

Some roads are too narrow, and are in very bad condition; they are often "bumpy and are not sufficie ntly lit at night; some roads in the New Territories have no lights at night at all! Furthermore, traffic aigns are often inadequate, if not ineffective. Patches of oil or small areas of sands left on the

scooters. They causa care to skid and if drivers are not careful the cars may somersault. Road-sweepers from the Urban Services Department should remove these] patches of oil or sands as soon as they are found on the roads, Motoriests on the other hand should always, Look out for such apots.

Pedestrians are just as guilty as motorists in] causing road accidents in Hong Kong. Host of them, children in particular, cross the road without first finding out if it is safe to do so. They simply disregard the warning "more haste, less speed" Pedestrians orossings are constructed for their use; but often, they never use them. There are also those pedestrians who never know of the existence of traffic signals, and they simply cross the road whether they have the right to or not. There is another type of pedestrians infamously termed as "rail-jumpers". These are the "daredevils" of our roads. If a rail is.

erected along the middle of a road it is basically, intended to separate the motorists from the pedestrians, but the rail jumpers appear to cherish the joy of doing their jumping antics to the confusion and, more often than not, frustration of the motorists endangering unnecessarily the

nemam safety of everybody.

Road safety education should therefore be introduced in order to educate the pedestrians in their use of zebra crossings and the motorists in the practice of their road marmers. Advertisements of one sort or another, like those of the commercial-type, should be broadcast over the radio and screened over the television stations and on the screens of local cinemas day after day. Children at school should be taught road safety rules and encouraged to practise, what they are taught."

The time has come for everyone of us to be more tolerant whether we are behind the wheel of a car or outside the car.. If we can only think of everyone using the rand as a member of our family, and give more consideration to others, our roads will give more) aredit to our rapidly-flourishing city, and those living in it.

Question: (2) Give an account of the functions and work)

of the Labour Department./ Answer:

The Lebour Department carries out Inspection of factories to see if the labour laws of the Colony are violated or not. Complaints from public of young, people engaged in industrial undertakings are...... carefully investigated, and if necessary legal action is instituted by the zabour Department against those/ suspected of unscrupulous practices.

The promotion of sound trade unionism in Hong Kong) is considered as an important part of the work of the labour Department, This work is carried out by the Trade Unions Section, whose staff gives advice and guidance to local trade unions. This sectim also organizes courses to educate trade union leaders; in their management of their unions in order to ensure the legality and efficiency of trade unions in Hong Kong):

Industrial disputes often arise and may lead to atrikes and even aivil disturbances. These disputes,

however trifling they may be at first, are carefully! studied by labour. Officers of the Industrial helationS Section. Officers will then act as conciliators to help the disputing parties reach a satisfactory solution. The day-to-day responsibility of this section; is to make recommendations and introduce waya and mans industrial undertakings. The method of settling an Andustrial dispute through joint consultation is brought to the attention of those involved in factory work

There is a law known as the. Factories sad. Industrial Undertakinga Ordinance which gives protection to women and young people engaged in factory work, Labour Officers from the Women and Young Persons Section are given the task of administering this law, They investigate cases where young people and women are employed to see if young people are above the age of 14 and those who are between 15 and 16 are not asked to work for more than 8 hours a day. Moreover, these workers have to be given one hour of rest for every.

period of 6 hours of continuous work. Woman workers are not permitted to have more than 10 working hours a day. People looking for jobs in local industry can elso make use of the Employment Information Service run by this Section.

Uccupatimal accidents do take place and they must be checked and prevented from taking place. To achieve this is not easy. But the labour Department bas organized the Supervisory Training Section to run courses for factory supervisors. These courses lay special emphasis on how to maintain industrial safety through the adoption of certain preventive measures and] the regular maintenance of machines. Factory supervisors are expected to educate their workers a industrial safety, and the avoidance of strial mishapa.“

To ensure that every factory is made safe for its Korkers and does not constitute any danger to the safety of those who live in the vicinity of the factory, there is a law known as the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance, 1955 which specifiss how equipment is to be installed in a factory, labour

Inspectors from the Industrial Undertakings Section often pay "surprise" visits to factories to see if this law is observed. Whenever an industrial accident takes place, an Inspector from this section is sent to the scene to make inquiries in order to find out the causes so that in future, similar accidents can be prevented. The Industrial Undertakings Section also studies plang of proposed factory buildings and gives advice to the Building Authority in respect of approval of such plans together with recommendations for certain amendments of the plans.

The Labour Department is also responsible for the maintenance and promotion or industrial health in the Colony. This is done by the Industrial Health Section! whose officers have to introduce measures from time to time in an attempt to prevent occupational diseases

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Labour Inspectors from this Section also visit

factories periodically to check the health of the workers and to inspect the cleanliness factories. Together with the

Association, this section runs first aid courses for fautory workers, Workers who complain of illness are carefully examined. Labour Officers will then advise, when they arise, the amount of compensations to be- paid, Health visitors from this section also checks, certain types of workers such as those engaged in mining. to find out whether they have radio active subatançes which may gradually harm their health. The Labour Department has established an industrial hygiene laboratory to experiment on methods of improving. industrial hygiene.

Finally, the Labover Dapurthala, though the Workmen's Compensation and Overseas Employment Section, investigates cases where workers are suffering from Occupational diseases or injuries in order to assess the amount of compensation the management has to pay as laid out by the workmen's Compensation Ordinance. Unless the sick or injured worker dies, the Court is not required to pass judgement as the Ordinance is adequa te. But if the worker dies, it is then up to the Court to fix the amount of compensation on the basis of the recomendation submitted by the labour Department.

Manual workers intending to go overseas to work have to obtain the approval of the Workmen's Compen- sation and Overseas Employment Section, whose officers check the terms of contract for these workers to ensure that they are genuine and reasonable. This section also works with the Immigration Department in making the necessary arrangements for the workers to. go abroad to work,

Exercise No. 9

(1) How does a newspaper serve the community? responsibilities must a newspaper assuma 2

(2) Comment on the problem of juvenile delinquency in Hong Kong, and mention how it may be tackled,