1969-01-04 — Page 30

真二第張八第

日六十月一十年申戊瑟惠

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日橋

六期星

日四月一年九六九一靨公年八十五國民華中 育教備

CC文中學會考試題預習

地理科 (九)

剟王鎮

GEOGRAPHY (9)]

15. (a) Describe and compare the climates or apy

of the following towns: Jakarta. Manila, and. Saigon.”

Explain briarty:

the scarcity of ports on the east coast of Malaya,

(ii) why most of the people in Burma and

Siam live near waterways.

why Kalimantan remains the least developed of all the Indpresian territories,i

Jakarta 19 situated on the north-west. ccast of Java immeditately to the south of the equator. ita climate is typically equatorial, characterised by uniformly nigh temperatures in low eighties and a high humidity throughout the year. The range is only 2 F. The annual precipi

larger part of which comes between November and February when the north-west winds are blowing. In the middle of the year, the south-east trades bring less rain to Jakarta because of 1te position on the northern shore of the island. In addition to relier rain Jakarta gets convectional rain. Notice that the winds, which reach Java from the north-west start off as north-east winds in the northern hemisphere but are deflected by the earth'a rotation as they cross the equator.

amounts to an average of 95"

per

Manila lies near the 15 N latitude on the western shore of Luzon of the Philippinesk Its climate is more properly classified as tropioal mons conal, modified by the moderst- ing effect of the sen. Temperatures, like that in Jakarta, are in low eighties but the annual range 10 slightly higher, namely, 6°F The annual rainfall goes up to 80" p P.a. only and the greater part of rain comes in the middle of the year between June and October when the prevailing winds cana from the south. In contrast to the relative wetness in Jakarta at the end of the year, Manila, in the northern winter, is comparatively dry since the winde now approach the island. Thom the north-east and

and Manila suffers from. the rain shadow effect of the mountains. Fortunately, the same mountain barriers shelter the oxty from strong typhoons an the northern aunmaz",

Forth-west winds (Nov.-

JAKARZA (Annual raingarh, 95′′

annual range

Southeast winds YMay Aug.

Jakarta - "Climate:

Common Path

by phoëns

southerly winda

Hi June1-10otaber

200 milṣe

anıla Climate

Worth-east winds

Number (Maya)

(4) an 10001 port necks a good site with an axcellent harbour, an advantageous position and a rich and preferably densely peopled: hinterland. These requirements are not man with on the east coast of Malaya,"

Firstly, the east coast of Kaleye has Large, deposits of sand and #ilt which hold up the development of the ports. Dej

formation is prevented by the strong wƏ KAİDES and currents of the the Bouth China Ses resulting in flattened spits and, bare which ere dangerous to shipping. Some party are covered with extensive swampa,

mp Secondly, the east coast 18 exposed to the strong and stormy north-easterly winds that bring rough saaa and wet weather. The west coast is not suffering in a like way

Thirdly, the Eastern Highlands of leva · run close to the eastern coast leaving s nuch narrower foothill and plain region than that on the west, The "tin and rubber belt on the western foothill region of Kalaya provides good incentives for the development of transport and attracta settlement, The aast coast lacks a similarly vast hinterlena For these reasons, there are relatively. few ports on the east coast. Instead, the major perte of Malaya are located in the south and on the west coast.

(11) Most of the people of Burma and Siam liva near. waterways because of the following Firstly, the rivers provide water for irri gation as well as for drinking and domeats a consumption. Secondly, the natural flood helps to distribute river sediments and rejuvenate the soile from yer tó year so that soil fertility is maintained. Thirdly, the waterways provide a cheap means of transport of goods and people. Fourthly, they are a source of fish. Lastly, these built-up banks offer suitable dry sites for houses. As a result, the Irrawaddy and the Menam have become centree of life in their respective countries.

(411) Indonesian Borneo constituees two- thirds of the island of Borneo which is they largest island in southeast Asia. It

་ག known as Kalimantan with a population of 4 million and reckoned to be the least developed part of Indonesia. Most of its Inhabitants live near the coast practising sedantary agriculture whilst the interior is virtually uninhabited except by a few shifting cultivators. The backward developmen of Keliamantan is due to the infertile soil, the great heat and moisture on the island, the presence of numerous mangrove swamps, the relatively mountainous terrain and the lack of valuable minerals, as well as the policy of the Dutch government.

There are no volcanoes in Borneo' and; so there is no fertile volcanic soil ae in Java and Sumatra, Lying astride the equator within the equatorial belt, it has a very heavy rainfall of 160′′ þ.a. and high tempelátures, The monotony and extreme humidity make this island almost inhospitable for immigrants" The island has a mountainous interior covered with dense tropical forests, some coastal plains but swamps everywhere on the coast Though small quantities of gold, diamond. coul, oil and other metals

tals are present, exploitation is still in its early stage due

to difficulty of access‚† Käreover, former Dutch Borneo was ignored by Holland in favour of developing the more accessible. or the more fertile islands. As a result, communication means are not developed on any noticeable scales the only good rozde are found in the coastal towns of Bandjar masin, Pontanark and Kuching. Elsewhere travel is by coastal steamer and river. boat which are far from satisfactory owing to the swampy nature of the coasts and the absence of good harbours, Rivers are frequently interrupted by rapids and sand- banks and flooding makes navigation difficult.

ite a geographical account on vre Philippines.

The Philippine Islands, a group of over 7,000 islanda, stretch between 5°N and 20%, the largest of which are the luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Mindoro and the Visayan Islands,

These islands are merely the tops or submerged ranges and are exceedingly mountainous with coastal plains and valleys penetrating into the mountains, Its rivers and relief features exhibit a predominantly north-south trend. Of the important plains, the Cagayan Plain and the Agusan Valley are rift valleys, but these, as well as the Manila Plain and the Cotobate Plain, have been covered with fortile alluvium. On the islands are a number of still active volcanoes. Volcanio soils are widespread in southern Luzon and other southern islands,

The north of the Fazilppinas experiances a tropical monsoonal climate wallet its south has even more equable equatorial climate. Climatic conditions are influenced by two factors; the monsoons and the moderating effect of the sea. Temperatures are uniformly high throughout the year, The annual range of temperature is small Temperatures lie between 75°F and 85° accoristig to latitude. The North-east trades blow from November to May and bring heavy rain 20 the eastern shores. From June to October the prevailing winds are from the south. These winde blow broadly. parallel with the mountains and bring rain aver- where at this season. Thus, the what donat has sharply defined wet and dry season, the east coastTM receives rain all year, while the central portions of the southern islands have a less well marked dir no dry season. Anmal rainfall amounts to 100a in

the east 80" in the west, but only 10" in the? transistional zone. Northern Luzon lies in the track of tropical typhoons which come between June and October and bring intense rain and flood.

Forests cover over 60% of the land producing.

ds such as mahogany and ratten came for export. Only 12% 18 classed as arable land. However agriculture is the most important occupation in the country. Where flat land coincides with fertile soil, there is cultivation, particularly on the narrow strips of alluvial

plain. The maise, soya beans,

important food crops

are and bananas.

aweet potatoes, tapioca,

Rice dominates the north, but the south, with a pronounced dry season, porous coral soils and rugged configuration, favours the growth of maise. Smallholding economy is more important than

plantation agriculture even for the producuzon or cash crops such as coconuts, sugar cane, abaca and tobacco. Both coconuts and abaca need rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year. However,

the

formar prefers a seaboard location as the latter requires well-drained fertile soils on hillsides or undulating land. Thus, the two are limited to the eastern coast of the Philippines, south of the latitude of Central Luzon which are free from typhoon disasters, The country has almost a world monopoly of Manila hemp, a hard-fibred hemp used in making ropes and sacks. From coconuts, copra and coconut oil are obtained. Sugar benefits from the distinct dry season found in the north-west. Only a small amount of rubber is produced,

Inshore fishing as well as sea fishing 15 widespread in this island environment. This is tnej second most important occupation.

In general, Philippine ores are not highly productive. The leading products are gold, copper, chromium, iron and manganese. Important quantities of iron ore are exported to Japan, but it can only produce one-tenth of its coal requirement. The industrial development of the Philippines is handicapped by this lack of fuel, through its ample rainfall and short swift rivers offer great H.E. potentiale. Manufactures are on the increase, dealing with the processing of agricultural products, such as the refining of sugar, the processing of copra for coconut o12, the manufacture of rope and sacks and the preparation of tobacco. Misscellaneous consumer industries and light industries are concentrated in Manila but a secondary centre

around the Maria Crustina hydro- growing up electric plant in Central Mindanao.

Almost a quarter of the total 29 million live on the intensively cultivated Manila Flain. The Manila Plain, southern Luzon, Cebu, Bohol, Pansy support dense populations because of their smallholding cultivation. In contrast, northern Luzon, Mindors and Mindanao have relatively sparsa populations because these lands are either under plantation agriculture or remain relatively. underdeveloned

Roads are the most important means of transport. The intricate road systems naturally focus on the ports. Coastal shipping is important linking the collecting centres. Railways and rivers are of less eminence. Luzon is the only island with noted railways

Manila, including the new captai UZUN LILY) Just to the north-east, is the capital and chief Industrial and commercial centre. It exports ¦ coconut products, sugar, manila hemp and timber ano imports foodstuff, textiles, mineral oil, iron and steel machinery. Almost 70% of its foreign trade is with the United States:

Relief &

land

southerly wing June to October

Number to

【未羌轉入第八錮第三罵)

head trees

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