1968-12-15 — Page 23

有敦儒華頁三第六第 日六廿月十年申戊魉室

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華

1969

中學會考試題預習

under the Influence of the north-east monsoon, both countries experience relatively lower-

地理科

(六)

̇劉玉領

GEOGRAPHY (6)

AND

Write a geographical essay on the Menam msin of Thailand.

The Menam pasin 13 located in the central part or Thailand, extending from north to south, The

forest-covered region and is drained by the Marian and its tributaries, The southern part of the Basin consists of the alluvial plain and deltas of Manam River. Because of the flatness of the land the area is badly dreined and the whole area is liable to extensive flooding.

Having a tropical monsoon climate, most parts of Thailand experience the north-east and south- west monsoons. The northern part of the Essin, however, has a cooler climate in December and January because of its northerly position. The whol Basin, generally, is comparatively drier since it lies in the rainshadow. The mountain range in the west lies across the path of the onshore south- Wasterly winds which consequently cannot bring much rain to the central lowland, Unly 40 to 50" of rain is received there.

Rice is the most important crop in the Basin In the northern part of the Basin, it is grown in the valleys which are well populated. In the plain section, padi growing is the major occupation and in the delta area it is almost the sole occupation though conditions for padi growing in Thailand are not entirely favourable. This is because the rainy season in the Basin is short and the annual amount fluctuates from year to year. In addition, the occurence of floods also affects the harvest. After- huge irrigation end drainage schemes have been built. Big. the barrage at Chainet, the situation has been Improved. Despite these disadvantages, the southern part of the Basin is the rice bowl of Thailand especially the delta area south of Graïnat. The cooler climate in the north also suits the growth of certain temperate crops like potato, tomato and cauliflower. Around Bangkok, vegetables are grown. Uther crops are also cultivated in the south, like sugar-cane, maize, tobacco, cotton, kapok, caston seeds, groundnuts, especially in drier areas. Fruit-- growing, and pig farming are also important around Pangkck.

Fishing is an important occupation of the people living around the coast. Fish are caught not only in the Gulf of Thailand, but also in rivers.. canals, and even in the padi fields.

In the north, the forested mountains are a source of timber. From there, teak is obtained. Teak is one of world's best timbers, being hard, strong and resistant to the action of both white ants and water. The trees are sawn into logs, pulled by elephants to the nearest river and made into rafts, when there is plenty of water in the river, the rafts are floated down to Pangkok where the logs are sawn into timber.

Mineral resources are not abundant in the Basin. except that some lignite is mined at Mae Moh, about 20 miles to the east of lampang and it is used large thermal-electric power station at Bangkok. Dome oil has also been discovered at Fang.

As the imp

In the north, Chiengrad is the important city. It is situated on the Me Fing and is in the middle of an important rice-growing area. It is the centre of the teak industry and as the second largest town in halland, Lacquer-work is also manufactured on

small scale,

Bangkok, in the south is the largest town in The land and is one of the largest in south-east Asia, It is situated on the Henan River about miles from the ces. The city is also known as the "Venice of the bast" because there are many water. ways. Unfortunately, navigation along the Menam 1 a hindered by the sand bar formed at the river mouth. Despite this, still it is a major port since 85% of the total trade of the country pass through here... Hice, teak, fish, fruits, and pigs are the min exports, Rice milling, toak sawing are the chief industries. Cottage industries like silk moving, silverware making and rettanware making are also found, Its picturesque scenery with its temples and waterways also promotes a considerable amount of tourist trade.

Borgen Vía tram the highlan

coast, thus forming an escarpment which dina tom the west.

In both countried," Islands are"round"LA FAVRE walleya, deltas and along the coast. In the norther part of North Vietnam where the country is widest the mountains descend steeply to the Red River Delta in the east, one of the most intensively cultivator and densely peopled areas in Asia; the narrow belt of lowland then stretches south along the coast.12 South Vietnam, the mountains extend Tory near 14 the eastern coast, leaving a very narrow strip of coastal lowland. The extrems southern part is a Large plain which is being constantly extended by sedimentary deposits brought down by the Mekong. Glimte - Both North Vietnam and South Vis tim

Both North experience tropical monsoon alimte.

From November to March, the cold dry air blowing out from the heart of the Asian landmas forms the North-east Monsoon which blows to North Fiatnam and South Vietnam after crossing the Gulf of Tonkin and the South China Sea." From May.to September, both countries are under the influence of south-west monsoon which comes from the Indian ocean. Borth Vietnam and South Vietnam to a lead

iated by typhoons in

they move westwarda da

east of the Philippines.

ctober

however

temperatures, as in this season, the sun shines Over the southern hemisphere. The average winter

temperature in South Vietnam is about 75°F while in North Vietnam it is about, 60oF because of higher latitudes. While the sun shines over the northern hemisphere from April to September, it is generally hot all over Indo China; the summer temperatures vary from 80°F to 85°F and there is less difference between the north and the south. The annual range temperature is therefore greater in North Vietna where the winter season is more distinct.

Rainfall in both countries depende not only

ries depen on too relief but also on the direction of winds. Facing to the south-west monsoon, the western mountain slopes of the Annam Range in both countries receive heavy rainfall in sumuar. The Annam coastal lowlands of the two countries recei more rainfall from the north-east monacon which becomes moiat-laden as it has passed over the South China Sea. On higher mountain slopes, the annual amount of rainfall is over 120 inches while on lower lands, it is about 80 inches. In South Vietnam, the Mekong Delta receives less rainfall as there are no highlands to produce orographic effects. Typhoons may bring rain to the coast of North and South Vietnam if their influence can reach these countries.

Agricultura - In both countries farming 18 practised in the river valleys, deltas and coastal lowlands where the alluvial soils are suitable for growing CHODS.

Rice is the most important crop in these two countries, since climatic conditions are favourable, In North Vietnam the Red River Delta is the only large plain, and is intensively cultivated, Owing to the dense population, two crops of rice are cultivated a year. In South Vietnam, rice is grow so monoculture in the Mekong Delta. Une crop of rice is usually grown in South Vietnam since there are fewer people. In the Red River Delta, floods are common in summer because the red River hes built up raised banks or levees in its lower course, Famines are therefore common for the rice produced on the delta is not sufficient for domestic consumption. On the other hand, the 11sadvantage in the Mekong Delta is that there are extensive swamps, but recently large areas of these swamps have been reclaimed to become cultivable Land.

In porn countries, sugar cane is grown on the lowlands where climatic conditions are suitable. maize is found in drier areas and cotton on uplands, Tea and coffee are also cultivated in North Vietnam while rubber, tapioca sweet potatoes Are cultivated in South Vietnam.

POSITION OF MENAM BASIN

WIND DIRECTIONS IN THAILAND

11

SOUTH WEST MICHSCON

HAY

TO

OCTOBre

MENAM

PLANA

LAND OVER 1500 FZ

IVERS

ME PNG

MEKONG.

NOVEMBER TO APRIL

NOKIN - EAST MONSOON

ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF MEAM DASIH

BAINAT

日期星

日五十月二十年八六九一屋公年七十五國民蕺中

育敎僑華

TEAK

10. Compare and contrast worth Vietname and South-

Vietname under the following headings: (1) relief,

ii) climate and (iii) agriculture.

Ans.helist

The Annam Kange, a finger-like extension of the Shan Plateau in eastern butma and stretching south-eastwards into Indo China, forms the highlands of North Vietnam and South Vietnam. There are peaks at more than 6000 feet in the north and in the south where there are plateaux at 4000 and 5000 feet 8.g.. Plateau des Bolovens and the Plateau du Kontum, Generally speaking, North Vietnam has comparatively higher relief than south Vietnam. In the southern part of North Vietnam and the northern part of

Since the end of the Second World far the political unrest in South -Vietnam has to some axtent affected the agriculture of the country, Not only the production of rice has not reached ite prewar level, the export of this commodity also has fluctuated from year to year, At the same time.

decline in the acreage for rubber trees is witnessed

REUER AND WIND DIRECTIONS OF NORTH VIETNAM & SOUTH VIETNAM

FERIE TO OCTOBEA

SOUTH-WEST MONSOONT

NORTH-EAST Monsscm-

NOVEMBER TO MARCH

DISTRIBUTION“ or Rice.... SUGAR AND KUBB2A

IN NORTH VIETNAM AND ŠOuta Vietnam'

RICE

JUGAR

10007

ile Write an account on tin-mining in Sal

12. Describe the position, site and importance DETERM

following: (a) Kuala bur (b) Penang

(a). Singapore.