CITY#
– 5 APR 1966.
凱三第張四第
日八初月三年申戊麼重
WAH KIU YAT PO #
HALL
768
英文中學會試題預習専欄
歷史科
( 廿三 )
History (23)
↓
·依帆。
1. "Why did the World War of 1914-1918 begin in the
balkan Peninsula?
-By 1907 the policies, of the Triple Alliance as opposed to the Triple antente soon clashed in navy parts of the world but the regions over which the two groups showed their greatest hostility were Africa and the Balkan Peninsula. The later had been the battling ground of the great powers since the beginning of the 19th century, and recent developments had further complicated the rivalry of the powers. The policies of the different European countries towards the Balkans had also changed somewhat. After the Congress of Berlin, Turkey had begun to rely more on Germany instead of England, and German influence had replaced England's in the Ottoman Empire, England decided after 1878 that a number of independent states would be more effective as a barrier against Russian expansion than the mouldering Empire. She viewed with alarm the increasing influence of Germany in the Balkans. Austria had also become more ambitious in the Balkans, and she was anxious to acquire a dominant position there. Although hussia seemed to be more interested in the Far East after 1878 yet she had not completely given up hope in the Balkans, By this time, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria had been formed from the Uttoman Empire. But there were still Greeks and bulgars in Macedonia and the Albanians were still under Turkish rule. Trouble was bound to arise in districts over which the Turks still exercised their authority. Purther, the formation of the new Balkan States multiplied the problems in the Balkans for no state WAB satisfied with its existing boundaries or its extent of influence.
The history of the Balkan states from the Congress of Berlin to 1907 la complicated, but the main events were the expulsion of Russian advisera from Bulgaria and its union with E. koumelia in 1885, the eternal strife in Serbia when different parties struggled for power; the suppression of peasant revolts in Roumania and the massacre of armenian Christiang by the Turks in 1908 when the "Young Turks" movement broke ou in the Ottoman empire. The Young Turks demandeð constitutional and liberal government on western lines and absolute equality between Christians and Mohammedans. At the same time, Austria annexed bosnia and Herzegovina, although these actions were contrary to the Treaty of Berlin. For a time there seemed the possibility of a general european war. The Serbs had for many years hoped that their fellow countrymen in Bosnia and Herzegovina would one day be united with them, but the Austrian annexation destroyed their hoped s The annexation also worsened the political atmosphere in Europe. Russia was now preparing war in support of Serbia. The Turks themselves were too weak to move against Austria, and furthermore, Germany revealed her support of austria, Russia at that time was still suffering from her defeat at the Russo-Japanese war and the internal unrest it had produced. She at last backed down. But for many years after this, the enmity between Serbia and Austria intensified.
Other countries also took advantage of the general disorganization at Constantinople, Bulgaria proclaimed herself wholly independent of Turkish rule. Italy declared war on Turkey in 1911 and wrested Tripali from her, and before Turkey could recover from these blows she suddenly found hereself faced with a new danger. In 1912, the Balkan League of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war against the Turks. The allies overran different sections of Macedonia and made other conquests with equal sase. The Turks were forced to make peace. During the war, Germany and austria supported Turkey and fully expected the Turks to defeat the Lian League, But the two powera miscalculated tecly In the Treaty of London in 1913, Turkey lost auch of her teritory including Macedonia ano she was conf Loed to a small area around Constantinople. But the Balkan powers evon fell to quirrelling, among themselves over the elvision of spoils. Both Serbia and Bulgaria Wanted Macedonia, which was largely inhabited by bulgars. The bulgarians, prompted by Austria, attacked serbia in 1913, and the second Balkan war had broken out.. The moumanians also joined in against Bulgaria, and Turkey took this opportunity and got back Adrianople. The upshot of this war was that Bulgaria was defeated, and the Treaty of Bucharest was signed, Bulgaria lost much valuable territory to Serbia, Greece' and
Koumania.
The effects of these two wars were great although none of the European powers waa directly involved in the wars. The Turkish Empire in Europe was now confined to areas that were racially Turkish. Bulgaria nursed her hatred against Serbia and Greece. The gains made by Serbia encouraged her in uniting all Serbs in the Balkans under her rule. In this course, she was brought into a headlong collision with Austria, who ruled over 8 million Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ←
Such was the state of affairs when the heir to the Austrian throne, the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in sare jevo, the capital of Bosnia. Upou investigation, it was revealed that the assassin was « Soenian student who had just returned from an anti-Austrian - meeting in Serbia. Austria immediately placed the blama of the curder on Serbia, end öpesented bar
期:
with an ultimatum of such character that Serbia could not possibly agree to it unconditionally. Serbia asked that the dispute be subjected to the arbitration of the Nagué Tribunal. But Austria was determined to crush her rival once and for ell. After having secured, the unlimited support of her ally Germany, Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.
At first this seemed to be a localized conflict between Serbia and Austria, but the situation quickly deteriorated. It must be remembered that both belligerents had powerful allies, Russia naturally would not stand aside and see her fellow Slav country be crushed by vastly superior power, and began mobilization of her armies. Germany demanded that she stop and when Russia refused, Germany declared war on Russia and then on her ally France. But France had a treaty of mutual cooperation with England and when Germany further aggravated england by invading Belgium prior to ber attack on France, Thus the European powers, England declared war.
bound so closely as they were by alliances, were
The match drawn into the conflict one by one
from an that lit the holocaust happened to come abscure town in the Balkans, but it could have come from anywhere. The explosive situation in Europe had made war inevitable.
2. What were the main causes of the German defeat
in the Great war?
In considering the defeat of Germany in the Great War, it must be remembered what a task Germany had to face and what overwhelming odds In the end, the Central Powers, four lo number, were pitted against a total of twenty-seven countries, including the whole of the British Empire, Canada, India, the French Empire, Japan, and the United States. With such forces behind them, including those of Russia in the first year of the war, it would have been the greatest military disgrace in history the Allies had lost the war. Germany would have been defeated by the abeer force of numbers alone, but the Allies came close to losing the fight through their inspired Leadersh
and lack of cooperationes
At the start of the war, the derma armiest
were better equipped, better trained and much better led than either the french or the Drit arhies. The plan of the attack, drawn up by the German general staff years before, had assume o that a crippling blow could be delivered to the French might then be transferred to the castern front to oppose the Russians. Ji was at the point that the Germans made thei
first mistake.
In attacking France, the German armes swept through Belgium, and this unwarranted act of
aggression against a neutral country offended the moral conscience of the worl Britain immediately took up the cause of Belgrim rafi declared war on Germany,
thus bringing with her into the conflict the mught and wealth of the entire British empire. The Germans also underestimated the Franch ärides and the British expeditionary Force, for even though the latter retreated in face of the Cerman advance, they fought back fiercely. The war on the Western front settled into a dreary trench war, where the capture of a hundred yarda of land involved enormous casualties on both sides.
日五月四年八六九一联公年七十五國民中
JË TË CEME
63#3%$#5%$#$*$#%$%$#$#%#E# $X3/SX3##%$$#$@%$#$%$ #53#523 #3%8 S
$ #STS #3 #BALSTS #5 #63 PES#5%$#$%$#$%$ #SÉS PRÉS 45 #5#63/525/363##
僑
9/1#
$3
#%#$%EWS%$#$%$#$%%$%$#$%#%&#
5#$%$#$%$#&%$##$%$#$£$ #2%$#$%$#$%$#$%$#$%$#873#* T5 #$%) #8%$#
1968 中學入學試試題預習專欄
算術科
(二十一)連比·
計算拿比應先認護下列各點
(E)
.
若圓。
(三)以上的數運費相比心啟鏗比
(2)加剤一時的謙製粉後一的前日間 2:33:4
23
(3)如前一比的變項和後一比的數與數目不同,可篮下列方法求之:
Z-4:9
(例一)甲比-6.7
#
#
(7)
(4) 4
20 28 63 FREE 20 28 63
1
1
1
1
1
〔例二)甲比2S :,比內需
•ATA-
3
4
5
7
&
4
##:Z -
3
3
1
乙丙
6 5
5
1
1
8:7
7
P
4·3 (3)
(6) 6; 5
(8) (8) 8
AT-
#3
3 192 144 120; 105
64 48 40 35
刨甲乙丙丁的淨比茶 6448 SERA
40 35
上式的计算步路(三)把各学汁列*1+6,7相鄰的數く3》求 各進行的繼望(如各環相乘得有公數時副約簡之。
(二十二)配分比
配今比的意思,把一定的數量,按照品定的比去分配。首先要求出所分酒之間的連
***•*• £ • 303#*#
(例一)甲一人合做一件工,共淨工 186元,若中工作。天,乙工作天,武望设工
**** ( 1966 )
SEE. IKZE 5:7
- 5 + 7 - 12 (8)
5
1
I 186 ×
- 77
12
2
(=) BZ_AAB-IB, #SI# 160 T5 = A + ZIN 4X
*6小時,工有靠帶相同,問之
+
作さ托撃(8×5) (6時×4)
40.24
#47.- 40 +24 64()
24
Y
60
64
放顎竿150元
(=>=\FAZI • #42-829 - 6:9 30 R24
8 (8)
(8) 6
9
30 · 48 · 72
#ZAKŁ
+7, +
#ZAZASINAD 36 # +
IBXA
Germany's second mistake was to under-estimate the speed with which the Russians mobilized their armies. Although the Germans defeated the ill- equipped and badly-trained Russians at the Battle of Tannenburg in 1915, yet Germany was now fighting on both fronts. Austria also suffered "defeats in Galicia and at the hands of the Serba hose temtory she had invaded. But Germany and Austria were soon reenforced by the entrance of Turkey In September, 1915, Bulgaria was also brought into the war on the side of the entrad Powers
T'he werful British navy also played a dominant role in the defeat of the Central Powers, It carried out a blockade of the German coasts, which became more effective as time went on, and was maintained throughout the struggle. The German Navy attempted to break the blockade at the Battle of Jutland in 1916, but although both sides claimed to have won, yet the British victory was evident in that the German fleet did not emerge again except to surrender at the end of the war. It was this inability to break the British blockade that induced Germany to turn to her U- boats The submarine campaign was very successful at first, and tons of allied shipping were sent to the bottom of the sea in May, 1915, German
Submarines torpedved the passenger liner "Lusitania" off the Irish coast, with the 1099 of a thousand lives, including 100 Americans. The United States protested so vigorously that Germany -
submarine warfare in future But she went back on her word in 1917 when the war on land was not going well for her, and her enemies were increasing in strength, whe resumed the unrestricted submarine campaign. The finited States then declared war on Germany. The American contingente soon began to make their
presence felt in the battlefields. By the end of September, 1918, Germany's allies had been knocked out and she was left fighting alone. Her armies were fast retreating, and her navy amatinied when ordered out to certain destruction in a last ditch *ort to break the blockade. She had no alternative but to sua for peace and the var came to an end on November 11, 1918.
The Germans were defeated because they were Outnumbered. With the entrance of the United Státer, her vast power and immense wealth were brought to bear on the war effort. This, coupled with the almost inexhaustible wealth of the British Empire, and the British control of the seas, brought Germany to her knees. The laat point was tremendously important, for the blockade slowly brought about the starvation af
5
8 · 12
5:8:12
5 + 8 +12-25)
12
75
25
5
甲午年 75歲
15
25
ZA 75 x
24#
25
練習
(1) RS; 44: 7 ghit (2)
2:5 · 3 · 4 · 7 · 8 9. •
(3) IZ-10 12 ZIM - 6:8 477.AK»t «ˆ
(4)甲乙丙丁冷衫,甲發 30件時乙48件,乙纖7件時內鵝6件,丙嶽 5 件時丁辩
4 #RHATZK•
1
(5)甲乙 =
1
8
-
$
1
5
• 2009 ——:求甲乙丙之澳比。
(6)甲乙丙三分線買菜,4元,乙出7元,內出4元,稻榮華中農合 450000
元,問各應分得關心若干?
{(7) #290 715,2 › ZEBOWE » BHAAS 800 *, MFGAKSUT
(8)上等茶鲲中等茶價之比爲541 中茶與下等某個之比儒 3:2 今各岚三斤, 共付
70元,問各機茶用斤之傉若干?
9)甲乙丙參加 100 公尺賽關,甲到終點時快乙 10 公尺,看到終點時快丙 10公尺深
園到終點時快丙戸の
(10)兄弟球三人分道 17600元,所得基弟的。,妹所得是弟的-
*VT?
2
求各人分得
5
附練習二十二答案
2
(1)10元
( 2 )97--F
(320 X
(418-R
510-
#
2
Q
7
7
(6) 11====
( 7 )46~~
(8) 9
(10) 270 A
4
8
(本欄逢星期一、三、 五刊出)
the Central Powers. On the other hand, the British Navy kept the allied supply lines opsa and secured the transport of troops and the capture of enemy colonies. On the vermao side, the mistakes which cost her the war were the invasion of Belgium and the unrestricted submarine warfare. The first united britain in afi unremitting “opposition, and the second brought about the decisive intervention of the United States.
Questions for next week>
1. Outline the Peace Settlement of 1919. now far
were the seeds of future unrest sown by wis ✔ settlement? +
2. Explain the machinery of the League of nations..
What were its weaknesses?
Page 15Page 16
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.