1968-02-02 — Page 15

疗选江

日回初月正年申戊军夏

1968

英文中擧考試題預習専

歷史科 ( 1-p4 )

依帆。

History (14)

1. Why did revolutionary movements in 1848-1849 fail

to unite Germany?

The German Confederation was, for thirty years er more after the Congress of Vienna, domira led by Ketternich, whose system of repression of liberalism and maintenance of absolute authority prevailed everywhere. By the operation of the Carlsbad Decreas of 1819, a strict censorship had been set up, student societies were suppressed, professors of liberal sympathies were dismissed, and liberal leaders sentenced to years of imprisonment, The German spirit could only find expression in such strictly non-political subjects es science and music. But in 1840, liberal hopes were revivấd when Proderick william IV ascended to the throne in Prussia. The new King relaxed the censorship, and agreed to do something towards the establishment of the Consitiution which Frederick William III had promised. He even permitted a Diet to meet for Prussia in 1847.

ich was the state of affairs when CALIO news

of the fall of Louis Philippe, followed by the flight of Metternich from Vienna. The effect in Germany was electric. Revolutionary movements Spread from state to state throughout the German Confeder ation. There was a general demand for Constitutional liberty within the states, and many liberals also thought the time was ripe for the achievement of German unity. The governments were not prepared to resist at such a time, and constitutiogs were granted in many sta tes.

In early March, 1848, an informal meeting of liberals was held at Heidelberg, and it summoned a Vorparlament, popularly elected, to consider the best means of establishing a united Germany. This body and a ranged for the election of a National Assembly at Frankfort to draw up a single constitution for all of Germany, The German princes were powerless to stop the proceedings, and even - the old Confederation Diet kept out of the way, This enuld not have happened if the governments of Austria and Prussia nag not been seriously weakened by revolution.

The National Assembly failed to live up to expectations. The tasks confronting it. were : monumental, and its members, though talented, were inexperienced in the practical work of government, They wasted time on discussion of abstract rights when they ought to have understood the necessity for the immediate establish ent of a German Constitution while Austria was still out of commission, and Prussia was dominated by liberals, By the time the Constitution was finally drawn up, Austria, and then Prussia ware beginning to recover.

WAH KIU YAT PO 機 A

蒲

1968中文中學會考試題預習專欄

英文科

(十四)

·何玉柱·

XTV Answers to Exercise XIII:

Comprehension:

11 The writer couldn't find a place for the family to live. in bacause no family want ed to live with a family with six small children.

7) The writer had a daughter{who was only

two years, old,

3) The writer was the children's mother... 4) The other parent (the fatherjihad died,

The mother Was a widow.)

said

5) Mr. Law misunderstood the writer when!

she pointed to the graveyard and all her children were there: he thoughts all the children were buried there s0 he sympathized with

and agreed to

reat the house,

61 a.

her

nice and polite--well-behaved

b. people not wanted by anybody--out-

casts

c. beginning of evening--dusk!

d. call-- beckon

e. place where the dead are buried..

graveyard

f. place at the edge of a town--suburb

Suggested translations:

當人們一開始仔細地研究自然界,他们第一件學 刻的事熟是有事是接着定規茲生的,而且 原因總是會別起算結果、太陽總是一邊み起 從另一邊落:四季大致上是有規律的,水總往下落, 樹木由種る南生又産生種子再四種子出同類的 樹木動物生成熟、死亡一代一代慈是如岳

A (11) 18 £ 13 907 M 52 mg / * £ HEKA+AEUSIEK 存在、画 冷已經沒有獲得會相信有任何事是偶

會認為

頂真正的我們 或者那件事

رکتی

Mr. Cheung and Mr.

ears.

Lee had been friends

They were always found togeth

One day they were invited to dinner

a neighbouring village. As they had to go through a forest where wild animals were said, to appear often, they promised to be cautious}

મ to help each other.

When they got into tne forest. they t-ked and laughed, meanwhile they also, looked around to watch. Suddenly Mr. Lee

Be saw a big bear coming towards them. didn't notify Mr. Cheung but climbed up A tree immediately. When Mr. Cheung found out,) it was too late to climb up any tree:

he could only Ifa Therd and held his breath pretending to be dead. Luckily, the big bear only smelt him for a while, and ther went away.

Mr. Lee came down little embarrassedly. tell you?"

from the tree, asked a "What, did the old bear

"It said, 'Don't maxe

•HOMSKO

The Constitution drawn up the Frankfort Assembly decided that the Government of united Germany should control, among other things, the foreign policy and the military forces of the state. But when they came to defining the boundaries of the new state, they ran into trouble over Austria, and the headship of the new Germany Rustrian dominions were partly within and partly outside the old German Confederation. If the whole of the Austrian Empire were included in united Germany, the new state would not be purely German, but would include a large number of Magyars, Italians and Koumanians. The Assembly proposed to include only the distinctively German lands of Austria, thua splitting her territories. This offer was rejected by Austria, who was determined to maintain the unity of her dominions. The Assembly therefore decided to exclude Austria altogether from the proposed state, and offered the crown to Frederick William IV of Prussia,

Frederick William declined the offer of the German crown. Many motives influenced him. The position of the German King, as defined by the Assembly, would have only limited power. A monarch who received the crown as a gift of the people would be merely the chief official of the state, and the power which had conferred the crown upon him would also have the right of taking it away. Frederick William believed firmly that his power came from God, and it could never be conferred by the people.

A second reason for his refusal lay in his espect f ́r Austria. He had a traditional Fomeration for the ruling house of Austria, and felt that the leadership of a united Germany ought to be offered to the Hapaburga. It was probable too, that if he accepted he would find himself involved in a war with Austria, The Czar Nicholas of Russia was almost equally likely to pour troops into Germany to stop a nationalist liberal movement.

The constitution drawn up by the National Assembly thus failed to win the approval of Austria and Prussia, and the assembly dispersed in June 1849 without having achieved German unity. But the movement was not yet at an end. Frederick William gave his consent to the formation of a closer German union of any willing states union of any willing states under Prussian leadership. This started off oromisingly when Saxony, Hanover and several smaller states joined with Prussia. A constitution was even drawn up, elections held, and a parliament called, when Austria was sufficiently recovered to intervene. Frederick william shrank from test of arms with Austria, sod in 1851, at Olmutz, he gave in and agreed to Austrian demands to restore the Confederation Diet as established in 1815. The new union under Prussia, and the new Constitution was to be dissolved. Prussian humiliation was complete, German unity had not been achieved and Austria was as triumphant

la the German Confederation as in her own dominions,

friends with those

五期痘

who only think comes. ***

اد

themselves when danger'

As soon as Mr. wee heard this, he could not help becoming very shame-faced.”

Before we go over prepositions, articles and phrasal verbs etc,, i'd like to give you ja revision exercise on what we have discussed.}

When you do this exercise, please watch how much time you use--don't use more than one ibour.r

Revision Exercise I

(1. Give proper forms of tenses using the verbể

given in brackets:

Till last week, 1(1)(be) the only son in' the family. Since I was told that fother was, expecting twins, I(2)(nope) to have at least one sister. But last week. the twins (3: (come)--two boys. Well, I am happy because I (4)(have) play-mates soon enough:

we can do all sorts of things that only we boys (5)(do) but if one of them (6)(te)_a_girl. I should (7)(be) happier.

I nave promised mother that 1 (0){love) and (9)(do) my best to set a good example for my twin brothers when they (10)(gro») tizzer. but I still wish they (11)(be),_girls.

2. Combine the following pairs of sentencesci 1) He will study hard under one condition.

The condition is that his father will let him go

up to colleze. (if)

2) She works very hard. It is easy for her to】

pass any subject with flying colours.

so that)

3) Tom was very naughty. Strange enough ne】 *

never got into trouble. (in spite of)

4) He set his alarm clock at five. He wanted]

to get up one hour earlier. (so that!

5) I'll take book with me. The reason is nej

may not be at home. (in case!

6) They saw 2 man climbing inta

Gliding.

They culled for help immediately. (as SC A

as)

7) They wanted to get out very much. They

it harder TQ break the lock. The

the) Joan had just reached

hon2.

TE bagen to rain at almost the same time, ( no sooner

than)

9) were there any wild animals in this forest]

last year? [t is still a mystery. {£*@* ther...)

10) He failed to turn up. It was due to his.

illness. (because)

Turn the following into direct speech! He advised his brother to go home then.

I wondered if it was true that he had stolen his mother's ring the night before.

3) He exclaimed with joy saying that it was

2 nice surprise.

4) He promised he would remember her to his

parents when ne saw them.

Change the following into indirect speechg "How can you explain to little childrer why the earth goes round the sun?" "Please pass me the salt. Thank you," "They are too lazy to be called good students,"

"If it rains, will you still go fishing?** "If I were in your position, I should not may such a thing to this poor girl." said his brother

BRARIES:

frace the career of Dr.

Iat Son. Show how his Leadership affected the 1911 Revolution and after.

The father of the Chinese Republic was born humble peasant family in 1866. He cams from the village of Toul Heng, some 40 miles south of Canton. His father was a small farmer, and life as not * Baby for the Sun family. The antire family worked in the fields growing rice. To their many difficulties was added the burden of beavy and irregular taxes,”

As a young boy Dr. Sun did hie Lessons under

• village schocaster studying the Chinese classics. He often heard stories of the Tai Ping Rabelliou and he was fascinated with its history. When he was 14, he joined an elder brother in Homolulu, and thair he attended a school run by church of England missionaries. There he studied English, mathematics and history. He was especially interested.]

in the last subject and appeared to have been impressed with the struggle between the King and, Parliament in England in the 17th century. He returned to China after three years in Honolulu, and by that time, had been much influenced by foreign ideas. Having been taught by Christian missionaries, he learnt to despise the gods the Chinese worshipped, He once smashed several idols

in a temple, and from that time onwards he was

regarded as an outlaw.

At the early age of 18, he had to soak refuge in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. He enrolled at the Diocesan Home, then in 1884 he moved to the government Central School. In 1887 Sun Joined the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, where he made friends with Dr. James Cantlie. In 1892 he graduated from the College and set up his

practice in Hong Kong and Macau,

It was during his years at the College that ür. Sun learnt to admira and appreciate the orderly British administration. Chinese administration compared unfavourably with the British system, and Dr. Sun began to nurse a desire for a strengthened China. He became convinced that no effective reform could be achieved unless the corrupt Ching was removed, and in 1994, while in Hawaii, he founded a revolutionary society, the Haing Chung Hui. In 1895. while the Ching forces were still

+

-

in

suffering reverses the Sino-Japanese har, Jun tried to sieze the offices of the provincia 1 suthorities in Canton, The plot failed and Sun escaped with a price on his head. Thereafter he led a roving life, and he travelled widely, Every- where he went he studied the political systems, and he rollied support for his revolutionary ideas among Chinese living abroad. The latter agreed with Sun that reform was needed in China, and they subscribed money for the purchase of weapons to be sent to associates in China.

In 1905, Sun finally settled in Japan, where there were many revolutionary soch£ies, ka va3 the only leader whose selfless devotion and magnetic personality pacified the rivalries and

alousies of the various groups, he amalgamated them into the Tung Meng Hud. Lithin a year, this organization had thousands of members abroad, and they had formulated a bold and radical plan. It called for the overthrow of the Ching by force, the establishment of a kepublic, national ization of all land and the ending of all foreign control. These ideas were embodied in Dr. Sun's Three Principles, or San Min Chu 1. The programas of the Tung Meng Hui also called for the founding of newpaners and journals to spread revolutionary propaganda; the raising of insurrections in China and the assassination of major Ching officials. From 1905-1911 Sun organized several coups but all failed. In October, 1911, while he was on a lecture tour of the United States he heard of the revolution in Wuchang. He hurried back to Chipm to direct affairs, and was unanimously chosen to be the provisional president of the New Republic

of China in 1917.

Dr. Sun's work could be compered to that of Mazzini in the unification of Italy. He inspired in the Chinese & fervent desire to achieve a new order in place of the old. He aroused in them a fierce nationalism, and his disinterested behaviour set an examplẹ to his followers. He magnanimously relinguished his position as president of the Republic to Tuan Shih-Kai rather than risk splitting China by a long drawn out Civil War. He worked tirelessly to unify China, but this last dream was not realized. Death overtook him on March 12th, 1925 in Peking.

Questions for next week:

1. Blamrek said that Germany would be united by

"blood" and iron." How far did his policy fulfill his words?

2. Describe events in Chias between 1911 and 1991.

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