1968-01-26 — Page 23

2573AN 1988

CITY HALL

頁三第强六第

男七十月二

WAH KIU YAT PO

機

英文中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史科

(45)

依帆

Bisory(13)

Was the railway-disputer the only cauzerleadina", La the Revolution af 10112

My1909, both the Emperor Ruang Abuyand "the

Express Dowager had died within a day of each other. The new Emperor flauan Tung was a boy of three, and

there was a Regent, Prince Chun, The Regent was

blindly pro-Manchu, and his high-handed" actions"drew.

the, indignation of the whole country. The time for

revolution seemed to be ripe, and when the dispute.

over+the+ railways broke out; iso did the) inéurrection:

It was awift,gend, mccessful. The Ching'Dynasty:

died in 1911, mourned by only a few of its most ardent supporters.

What parta dia"Mazzini, CavourlandgGaribaldi olay

in the Unification.of.Italy?

In May, 1911, the declining Ching-government announced a plan for the nationalization of the 6000-odd miles of railways in China. Moreover, it declared that it had obtained a loan from the Fours Power Banking Consortium of British, American, German and French banking interests to finance the construction of the Szechuan-Hankov-Xvantung line, The nation protested that Peking was playing into the the hands of foreign creditors. The provinces, who up to this time had been left free to controi the railways, saw their independence being threatened. Immediately, "Railway Protection. Societies" sprang up; and fighting broke out between government troops and local militiamen In the midst of this confusion, new army units stationed in Wuchang rose up in revolution, and Wuhan was quickly occupied. Other provinces saw their opportunity and declared themselves independent of the Ching government. By the eng n嘿 1911, the revolution in China was a fact.

The raiiway dispute was only the immediate. cause to the revolution, and anti-Manchu sentiment had been in ferment for a long time. In fact, the Chinese bad never wholly accepted the Manchun. as their rulers, and the latter were generally regarded as a conquering alien race. The Chinese could not forget that when the Manchus invaded China, whole cities had been put to the sword. They could not overlook the fact that the Manchua enjoyed certain exclusive privileges, such as a different set of civil service examinations, and Important posts were reserved for Manchus, that Chinese were treated with something less than equality and fairness. Throughout the period or Hancho rule beginning from 1644, there had been several uprisings against the Ching in an effort to reatore. China to the Chinese. Among the most important, and possibly the one that posed the greatest threat to the Dynasty, was the Taiping Rebellion, That this rebellion had failed was not due to the vigour of the Dynasty, but rather to the help. given by the foreigners through the EvOX Victorious Army.

The decay of Manchu rule was evident In 26日 Inefficiency and corruption in administration.

ine revolutionary movements in Itály led by the Carbonari during the 1820's proved one thing: that if Italy were to be united, a more concerted effort must be made among the Italians. Local risings, of an indefinite aim and with limited. support, would be powerless to achieve unity and independence. The person who inspired the Italians with a burning desire for unity vhich was not to be Annied was Mazzini, (1805–1872) From his early youth, Mazzini had, never ceased to think of his countries woas, and his entire life was devoted

to the setting up of an independent Italy. In 1820- 1821, he took part in the agitation for a Constitum tion in the Kingdom of Sardinia, When this movement failed, he joined the Italian secret society of the Carbonari in 1827. His fervour in recruiting new members for this society vás so great that he was imprisoned for bie activities between 1830-1831. While in exile in Marseilles, he founded the

Association of Young Italy, whose aim was to set up a united-Italy under a republican government. He was never in favour of Italian unification under the House of Savoy. During the 1848 Revolutions,

Hazzini was a member of the triumvirate over the Roman Republic, but this Republic was defeated by the French, He believed that Italian unity could only be achieved through met uprisings, and the Impracticalities of hia plan lost him some of his followers.These turned more and more towards Cavour's more realistic programa of gaining foreign assistance. But nevertheless, Haszini da äredited with having advanced the cause of unity

freedom among the Italians, without which.

ess could not have been achieved. He is often mcum as the "Prophet of Italdan unification, " although when Italy was finally united under the Rouge of Savoy, Hazzind was sorely disappointed. His dream of a republic full of self-sacrificing

*本科

uning officials vere not above accepting bribes, and the one who accepted moat was probably the Empresë Tzu Hɛi herself. This formidable lady was the resi, power behind the throne from the death of her husband Haien Feng onwards, and her contempt for new methods and obstinacy to change was a major cause of dissatisfaction to the Chinese.** She successfully blocked all attempts at modernization, and she trusted only her favourites even though they had the misfortune of being

KRYL-LUES TISU rift bagn resized.

Count Cavour. (1810-1861) was "the song

Piedmontese nobleman and was intended for the Army, But his liberal views soon forced him to resign his commission. He then travelled widely and studied the political structures of England and France with special care to ma magadamlarly interested in Economic subjects like the Poor Law, Pres Trade. Communism and railways. But for a time he seemed inclined to throw off all ideas of a political career, and devoted his energies to tending his father's vast estates. This knowledge of agricultura

HONGKON

ignorant and incapable. She along was responsiblu for the catastrophe of 1900, which brought upon China a complete humiliation in the eyes of the world.

When she finally bowed to the fact that change was necessary to the survival of the

Dynasty, and consented at long last to reforms, it was too late. The Chinese had become too suspicious of the Ching Government to trust any attempts. made at reforms.

WAS

Throughout the 19th century, China wa continually defeated in foreign, wars. She was forced to agree to unequal treaties, to grant concessions, and to pay indemnities. The huge reparations naturally came from the pockets of the common Chinese, whose lives were already made, all_the_more_difficult by the diebonest tax.

collectors, and natural disasters such as floods, droughts, plagues and famine. The Ching government "seemed entirely uncaring about the miseries of tha

populace, and did little for them in the way of relief. Land was scarce, and production was small due to obsolete methods of farming. Whatever induetry there was had been driven out of being dy the foreign goods flooding the markets after the "opening of the parts: to westerners, By the end of the century, foreign spheres of influence covered the country, her maritime customs was in foreign hands, and Chins was on the verge of dissolution. The Ching government van blamed for all these,

In the latter part of the 19th century, China made several half-hearted attempts at modernization. and promising young scholars had been sent abroad to study vestern political, economic and military systems, When these returned, they proved to be even more dissatisfied with the conditions in China. Inatead of being loyal servants of the Dynasty, they had become thorns in its side, and were openly critical of the Government. They longed for a modern China,!strong, stable and freed of foreign dominance. These returned students and army officers naturally influensed, the thinking of the men under

them, and "there"arosé"in"China"A new generation of highly educated and discontented people. Overscas Chinese yearned for a strong China whose diplomacy. could protest them abroad, and they were full of admiration for the administrative systems of thear adapted countries. They looked forward,to the day when: China would be placed in the ranks of the Great Powers, and they gavajunstinted, suppor the revolutionary societiesiset up byldra Sun Yat-

he later used for the benefit of Piedmont, By 1847, he had founded a newspaper in Piedmont - the Risorgiments. Its main object was to advocate Constitutional government and the independence of: Italy. He became a Member of Piedmontle firate Parliament in 1848. Between 1850-1852 he was Hinister of Agriculture and Commerce, but in 1852 he was made Prime Minister of Piedmont. His goal was the same as Mazzini ----Italy_free_and_united

Büt ̄mman distingusunda “niporn.

日六廿月一年八六九一股公年七十五國民中

投憑及頒獎 、勞作三科在中學課程之重要性 何夫人

·助理教育司何雅明致詞 述美術、音樂

一中英文部畢業典禮

官立夜中學香港區

·護士海控歐風渚人。 參與母校聯絡,所母校解决各項困難: 一爲覓職者。本人因此希望各位離校校友 本校致師改爲畢業生介緯職業,上層 攝業生中有百分之二十五乃由本校就師 代

範製院者二人,升讀大擊預科二人,在

的鄒其中

·助理教育司何雅明致辭

和課程中其他科目併在一起發這種做他的同一起開始去學習,是會獎得估 發,帶淑涼,而維强,小梅,陳美容。 他的價值的 1泼,我認爲除了方便的理由以外,還在其上市和成功感的。

悄使理生了解到

所國生的好大的影响

之質要性如下:

·郭美術、音樂及勞作三科在中媒程

今晚我想談一下突衡、音樂和勞作三展美術,音樂和勞作,無疑地有將毀誼的一個籤的解釋。哋就是說,它們不應該只限 第三,大餓隔空和欠缺設備,對於在我爾來,還两種科目在中央應該作

·現在讓我就美術和勞作來說發句話,

該句

任在將來担任美術的監

我及需要注意各畫非學術性科

科在中國煤程中的重要性。這些科目因爲

並對後遊同學之升學及就狻作空際之帮助瓦有關聯,因此可以一起來討鼬。它們會。一些事,尤其是組牌

.....

中文部會考及格生名單: 曉培,開案照,超少,玉

韓粗)宫立夜中進香港贼英文部第窳,但仍未如理想。本校同實自常力,百萬次。

笠涌及中文部第四届聯合畢業典禮,於昨

提高學生聯殿,以東海致更強戒。

珍品

,對設計與關和,得體會和砍改。 【六十五日下午七時,假北角金交泰巾」抵効生方面:升萬剮校者一人,包綺潑,伍玉珠,嚴秀識,無斑蝶,就可服很大的困難。他們所要適通的推出,能够花音樂中得到很大的享受和獲得很,屐好的方法,是從運用一般材料的輕量 科目還沒有應得得它們所應得到的在

精ㄟ叶做「密美」的科目,因爲它們的 目的,总要培安鄉奂的能力,和開球墨生稽,而且時常都是因陋就簡的。 李衆辦,芒裏珠,李少然,陝閒鉤,塊濕 ,關於道,是有幾點興出的。氣一,有和威演的技巧,和要注意留學生在經過被威的技巧,因爲溫獄訓染,可以使手眼全 可是就我所知,在一些中學裡,還轉 ,在進來,發現驚的是分別閉式費的能力, 段,學生宮想應該有摸會接受音樂的指導 自然的方涨。 就音樂來說,我蔥爲在中學的整個一自然的形式,而且學習設計的一個較鵟 一將良,至於勞作室,都快之所需要的面繪畫,而忽略了爭工。在群實上,對許多 西怡跑液肿旁,版上推 學生來說,手工的製作基突現的一個 學生應該有會接受訓課,以諾成必

品 留學昔日 微時

方的。作感

的爐時不能把

荔枝 衝下使食

寄比菜因監

容運一將培 各逭日於儒料,不和解劑

遊堂舉行,由敦育司何雅明致詞,何

升讀大學預科者二人,任職爲飲股 帶任交貨者人,攻讀商科三人。

王喜證古生界一人,在政府榄任文員者四人,在私人樓一余闷强。

·修奈斯满绣生方面,政府助理交及二嫂,刷還添,網銀崧,伍玉载,到值猾, 就,她有很祧刻的印象。這些季校,雖然是需要非常的技巧的。

文部主任苏乃正先要務,有道工廠任見發校郭斯,滿料,周文弱,黃佩芬,張景[也遭遇到其他學科的壓力和缺乏酸,锎在另一方面,有很多學生,只需把握有所得益,例來說對繪.拔巧的 主,·潮,黃薇毡,葉惠家,阮少孫,

中去獲得。學生在整個中學教育的階段系 優其他學科領以安排,學生功利主義的觀大的價值,教師的一部份工作,就是要湾 傳院生名單:胡惠萍,初英修,惚染並選「效果」。可是我對於一些學校的照,若醫學藝學綫麵,那群就難出卡繳學」,一字能夠放亂,他引那些將主餐具知放在那 訪問新亞書院 高老歌精读游究工作 念,和退三餓科目的教學,有些顯然沒有,我打两方的能力。想來大家會公庇到一點,由於他們在全方面很有質麵,擦跟有望,美國哲學教授

安有部

何雅明致詞後,禮成散會。

·英文部桜務營考:: 明夫人頒發證替及骸品,再由助理裝宵司 ...典禮開始,由英文部主任荷雄龄及中 部班數爲大理,致師共十人,換學生第十五期,人數則山數十人堆至六百人。 J: 本校由一九六二至六三學年度開始——六六畢業生任職爲私校員者僅三

.本校創辦於一九五九年秋天,當時全 年有伴,額時之三【婚至今日之 中文部榄務告概要: _木校自一九五少年秋開辦以來爵日八,江妮酸,黎月娥。 期一,共著振優良二十六個, 屬雞 漵 脊工作。大五——六六年座業生任職 林華英,安兆祥,隨滿林,鹿隊絕,趙為一。對勝任的豬餅,本來對, 【如英中會考,而今国之會考成評爲百份之一人,但六六六七年則有十三人從事 帽,郭淑嫻,朱淑嬌,苦於勝,黃漢王, 尼軾的我學位裁,沒有辦法聘請些科目· 資格。8 人,學生則難至八百十二人,故本夜校已,去雄會考照報爭潔面賜之七十二媽七,一轉傳學,黎永高,與幾難,張淑姬,杭謂 遠的。有很多證整顯示出:有不少白些科;教機構 英文部會考及格生名單 雖織包塔陸廿四班,教師人數爾至四十成,加中女中學會考,合格帶爲百份之四十三餡,檗秀翊,羅張榮,餓偉強,餓江, Ë,不過此有所產的中醫都斯面大廟個人固然附屬於些證,以實現集體的目的去落地學物 「甫一佰七十七人,在八年後的今天,本校一九六三————六四年度,本校首次發「鄧飾,梁顯明,梁嘉恩,張子祺,陳仲

共同協力和或就上,都得到寶貴的經焄蛋還有網域。陀要數低好在 取得的敬仰,和全力全加學統的一般 陳在儀,蔡少得,曹戰實,何架英, 好的實體,愛許他所担任學科的教學,必要部份,而且秋分孤成樂愛的成員,在 辭,陳太爲,陳燕祧,後雪殿,妙煖,有辦法使到过些科目,在學生一般生活中少的陳,他能够參加歌触发成樂會,而推塔,對學生在生物學、地溉、

發出聲響的影。

獲得不只是屬於音樂方面的狂碼,套、窗軍和其他科目或活動的

李胶 是有 對益齡放

物颌 術大其生來大,的在學法控因素

越發的他在例的使摆

在在是的追讓

晓位,

該院徵聘社會系舖師

AHAM KAPLAN OFERA (CIDORE )

當重的,可是有些中學,却能够聽到

然

力。

機屬成

而

洲美街

聘沒很

舖有小

適

所

宜示不

「MARTIN BU.及策」,「城街之進

先生,於本月二十三 論,情况熱烈。 日訪問中文大學新蜇. KAPLANK #KAPLAN敎授命 「英國倫園區與公可西九龍透明蕸六 哲學系邀之茶會話,「新世界哲學」,同伴的皮帶取應表 製院,與蚍校校長 投爲麟陈洪名之哲學 九日前,兵函海同 加由越校硏究所及,應極表及證件刷本散。 存在哲學」行]等。民除任療證 號該校詿册主任。

讓校性册主任收,

·巓緻者須於二月

合

任查與季 社务之久。彼1

五期

LIBE

was the realization that italy could not do it alone. In Piedmont, he undertook a work of the

greatest importance building up the prosperityzer Piedmont an anticipation of her role as the leader of the Unification. He signed liberal commercial agreements with France, England and Belgium. He encouraged industrialization and irrigation in agriculture. He attacked the ancient privileges of the clergy; he reorganized the Army, When the Crimean War broke out he was able to use it to Italy's advantage. He sent a detachment of Sardinian troops to the Crimes, thereby gaining the aympathy of Napoleon III•to the woas of Italy. In 1856, a pact of Plombieres scaled the friendship of France and Piedmont, In return for Nice and Savoy, Napoleon III agreed to help drive Austria out of Italy, provided that Austria declared war first. Cavour soon manoeuvred Austria Into declaring war, and the French and Pledmontana armies successfully routed the Austrians from Italy. In spite of Napoleon's betrayal at Villafranca in 1859, Piedmont was united with Lombardy. And by a plebaseite in 1859, the Central Duchiva of Pars, Hodena, Tuscany and one of the Panal States, Romagns, joined with Piedmont.

But Cavour*ts work was only half done, The nart part of the Unification was schieved through the combined efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi, dana Jaribaldi was born in Nice in Savoy in 1807 at the age of 15, he had run away to sea. In 1831, be joined Mazsini's Young Italy, and was involved with the latter, in a plot against the Fiedmontese government" in 1833. He escaped to South America where he acquired his extraordinary skills as a guerilla leader while fighting for Uruguay against Brasil and Argentina. In 1848, he returned to Italy where he supported Mazzini's short-lived Roman Republic in 1849. When the Republic fell, he made a spectacular escape across Italy, hotly pursued by the armies of France, Spain, Austria and Maples. He wandered around Europe and finally settled in Caprera, off Sardinia, He never workss well with Cavour, and even distrusted and hated : the latter. But together, they completed the conquest and annexation of Southern Italy,

In 1860, a rebellion broke out in Sicily. Garibaldi and a thousand volunteers, the Red Shirts, sailed for Sicily with Cavour's secret'approval. Once there,ihe, fought his way scross Sicilysta

並另 值

巧式:

Kables,"and"before long, he had the Heapolitan sm

on the run. 'Sicily and Naples were now conquered,

fBut:

and Garibaldd prepared to invade the+Papul States, This would have meant war with the French. Cavour: prevented this by sending the y Piedmontesa. Army south conquered the Papal States but by: passed Rioms. In so doings, Cavouriavortedfalway with the Catholio countries in Europe, and Becondly, prevented the fame of Garibalds from overshadowing Victor Emmanuel. With a Piedmontaba Army next door in the Papal States, Garibaldi gave up his conquests of Naples and Sicily to, Victor Emmanuel, Cavour had the immense satisfaction of seeing his master crowned] Kingrof Italy in Turin in 1861A Two months later„ÎCavour! was dead.

All three man had been responsible for the Unification of Italy. Mazzini, had provided, tbo, ideal and spread the doctrine of a united and A independent. Italy among the Italians. CevourĮhad asen to the ways and means of achieving the unification, and by his diplomacy, had successfully complated it, Garibaldi bad been the aoldder, and on his shoulders rested the responsibility of conajering the south_tojunite it, to_the north.

Fuestions, IOTEnaktīwooki

1. Why did revolutiona; to unite Germanyt

2. Trace the career or

-Loadayahin.BTÍ

848 1849)TALA

Dup Patiwengwahoe"now his be 1911 Revolutim, and after.

「十五人。 一爲文盈三人,六六——六七年有,郭如,朱鈞安,鄧恩霖,吳秀英,就不容易做到,而荳這個辦法也有它的梅磴在音樂方面的進步和成就,家庭的氣氛 楊金麗,鄧英,添森,陳運,李英 處,要克服組織困難,最好歉師能够勝任,對一些科目是很有轉盤,可是對音樂來

解我

美丹

甜好有