1968-01-05 — Page 23

MALL! 1 =

- 5 JAN 1968

臂教倫理

箕三第張六第 日六初月二十年朱丁屁

WAH KIU YAT PO

#

for

%$#$%$#555#3455%

$43$%#X#$%$#$%$#$%#6#8#

F%8ASES #STS #853 ESÉS E

$##

SOL

・弁

($%$#$%$#$%345%3#3%$#$%$%$#!

!$%$#$%$#$%$#3%5#$%$##$%$#$%$#$%$#%

1768

96 英文中學館

英文中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史科 (+)

f

History (10)

what do you understand by the nighteous Harmonious Fists? what were the effects of the Movement on China?

me Chinese living in China at the end of the 19th century had many grievances, Most of these aross from the decline in the traditional agricultural- economy. China's enlarged trade with the West decreed by the treaties had caused a huge influx of goods into the country. The old Chinese handicraft industries had to compete with the modern technology of the best, and as a result, they collapsed. The common reasant found it increasingly difficult to make a decent living, especially during times of natural disasters such as floods and droughts. The Yellow River had changed its course many times, but the Ching Government had not been efficient enough to repair the damages caused. There were constart plagues epidemics and famines, but the poverty of the Ching Government and the corruption of officials not prevented the peasant from receiving any d effective form of relief, The Ching Government was always in financial strails after the payment of so. many indemnities. It had to borrow money in order to pay Japan after the Sino-Japanese war.

Together with these difficulties there was the additional resentment against the foreigner. The opening of the treaty ports had brought the Chinesa into contact with the foreigners. Friction often occurred between them as their culturas were sa different, host of this hatred towards the foreigners was directed at the Christian missionaries and their converts. It must be admitted, that the 19th century missionary in China was often very intolerant. They took a firm stand against ancestor-worship, the cornerstone of Chinese society. The treaties had granted them many privileges, and they often sbused them. They had extraterritorial rights, and they did not hesitate to use them to interfere on behalf or their converts-At times, these converts were outlaws and fugitives who had joined the Church an the hope of gaining protection under foreigners, Horrible tales were spread by ignorant Chinese of the activities of the missionaries. It was rumoured that they killed the children in the orphanages "And used the organs to namufacture medicines for their own use. These ignorant Chinese not only b hated the missionaries, but they feared everything

Locomotives were purported to be driven by devils, and the terrible noises they made disturbed the dead.

It was against un10 bäckground or surføring, humiliation, defeat, fear and ignorance that there arose in the province of Shantung the Righteous Harmonious Fists, known to the westerners as the Boxers. They were so called because they practised certain form of Oriental boxing, They took part in mysterious ceremonies, and they declared that nothing. not even western bullets, could injure them. At first the Boxers were Anti-Manchu, but later they turned · against the foreigners and aimed at the expulsion of all forsignéra from China. Their activities first becaze prominent in 1898, and they incressed when the anti-foreign reactionary Yu-Hsien became the Governor of Shantung. Tu Hsien secretly encouraged the Boxers even when they persecuted Chinese Christians: and extorted contributions from them. Incidents between the Boxers and Christians became increasingly, numerous, khen Yuan Shih-Kat replaced Yü-ision as Governor of Shantung at the insistence of the - foreigners, he suppressed them vigorously. But rusy moved to Chill where the Governor. Yu Lu made then welcome and also supplied them with weapons,

AT COUPE Some officials supported the Boxers The Empress Dowager was one of these. She too had an intense hatred of foreigners. As a young girl she had fled from Peking with the Emperor Haien Feng when English and Prench troops invaded the city In 1860. The foreigners also supported her nephew Kuang hơn, whom she had imprisoned after the Hundred Days Reforma. The leaders of the Reform Movement,

Tu-Wei and Mang Chà-Chao whom she regarded as traitors nad found protection under the English

nd the Japanese. But even she hesitated at first to

the Boxers against the foreigners AS

By June 1900; the atmosphere in Peking had, grown fense. The boxers had entered faking They assaulted not only foreigners and Christians, but any chin who had relationa with them. They murdered

secretary attached to the Japanese Legation, Sugiyama, and Baron von Ketteler, a ueruan envoy. They laid siege to the legation quarters, where many foreigners and Christians had found refuge. All the while, the Court did not check the rampages of the

oners,

and government troops even supported them. In spite of numerous protests made by foreign governments to the Court, Tɛu Hsi did nothing, Finally in 1900, she decided upon the supremo Aot

of foolishness and declared war on the foreigners.

A combined force consisting of the armies of 8 nations sngland, U.S.A, Germany, france, Russia. Japan, Italy and Austria-- fought their way from Tientsin to Peking, The Boxers proved defenceless against the foreign weapons, and Tzu Hs1 desperately ordered the Southern provinces to come to her aid. But the Southernare had never supported the Boxers and refused to heed her demand. In the contrary, they oncluded agreements with the allies that they would suppress ary Boxer activities in their provinces and erotect foreign life and property. In return the allies promised not to invade their territories

Realizing the hopelessness or continuing the struggle, Tzu Hei, in exile sued for peace. The terme of the Boxer Protocol were concluded in September 1901. China's humiliation was great. Manchu prince was to visit Germany and to

apologize for the murder of von Ketteler, A

similar mission was sent to Japan to apologize for

the death of Sugiyama. Certain Boxer leaders and high officials who had supported them were to be executed. No civil service examinations were to be held for 5 years in cities where foreigners had been killed. Monuments were to be erected in these cities. China was not to import arms or ammunitions for at least 2 years, foreign troops were to be stationed In China to protect Foreign life and property. The Taku forts were to be demolished. China had to pay an indemnity of 450 million taels of silver. But a large part of this indemnity was later remitted or applied for such purposes as educational purposes.

China" indeed suffered much from the Boxer Movement. Ruin and partition seemed nearer than before. This final mistake made by the Ching Government hastened the Revolution of 1911.

2. What were the difficulties facing Metternich In the

Government of the Austrian Lupire? By what methods was he able to keep his dominions in chack?

In 1815, the Austro-Hungarian Empire as recognized by the Treaties of Vienna included within its boundaries Austria Proper, Hungary, Galicia, Transylvania, Illyria, Dalmatia, Lombardy and Venetia. This huge Empire, accumulated by varying deans from conquest to diplomatic marriage, was presided over by one man » Metternich, the Chancellor of Austria. The difficulties that faced him were almost insurgountable. for there were thirteen different races and many religions in this Empire. Not only was the Empire itself made up of a patch work quiet of different nationalities, but each state was a smaller edition

for the Empire. For

or example, in Hungary, the majority race was the Magyars, But there were also large oumbers of darbs and Croats. Eiving there Bohemia and Moravia were inhabited chiefly by eens lovaks and Germans. The Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 19th

century was like a piece of furniture, of which the outside was still imposing, although the interior was corroded by insects,

The Government of Metternich was able to maintain control over its lands by wisely permit a wide variety of local difference and freedom, provided there was no political agitation of any kind. It appointed local officials rather than Austrian officials, Hungary, for example, had a separate parliament. Austria also kept ner power over the different nationalities by encouraging racial dissensions among them • playing one side against

the other - in the hope they would not unite against Austria,

The austrian uovernment. ItsSIT strør ithë -most part, inefficient, and reforms

Metternich made several tempts, notably in 1811.

End 1817, to induce the Emperor accept reform. But Metternich may have cified Furope, but he was never caster of Austria and interi affairs of Austria were matters over which the Chancellor had the least control:

18

Metternich was a reactionary, no nao seen tha miseries caused by the fanatic ideas of the French" Revolution, and be feared them, ne was determined to safeguard monarchy against the assaults of the two great forces of his age, Liberalism and Nationalism, believing that they could only cause chaos and confusion. He realized only too well that tha Austrian Empire was a "mouldering edifice", and it rested entirely on shaky foundations. Removal of ons foundation would cause the collapse of the whole structure. He decided he would preserve. Austria rule over her territories for as long as possible He established a severe censorship in Austria desalf, All political societies were suppressed. Foreign travel and foreign visitors were discouraged, to prevent his subject from being "contaminated" with Liberar ideas. As a result, resation was in firm

control in the Austrian Empire:

In Germany, the Germans wished for a united Germany with a Constitutional ruler. But if Germany was united and independent, then the other faces aight follow her exauple and the Austrian Cipire would collapse, In 1817, at the Wartburg Festival German University students held a liberal

demonstration. Metternich seized this opportunity and forced, through the Frankfurt Diet a series of laws nown as the Carlsbad Vecreas. By these, a severe censorship of the press was set up. Universitý education was controlled by the State, student societies forbidden, and professors were dismissed at the slightest hint of liberal sympathies. The national spirit in Germany was crushed for another generation to come, and the Germans expressed

themselves in such strictly non-political subjects as art and science.

In Venetia and Lombardy, Austria's dominions in Italy, Hetternich set up a very efficient apy system, Every modern history book was sent to Vienna for censorship, and no freedom of discussion on⠀ political matture, either in public or in the press. wad allowed. Mousands of political prisoners soon filled the gaols. But this suppressive system was very Buccessful, for there were no liberal or nationa; movements in Lámbardy and Venetia until 1848.

From 1815 to 1845, the history of Europe was dominated by Hetternich and his reactionary policy, re must > unit that he did have a certain degree of success, for the Austrian Empire was fairly quiet in 1830 even though the rest of Europe was ablaze with revolution. And even in 1848, the movements that broke out in the Empire ware suppressed within

eestions for next week:

silve a brier account of the revolutionary movements in the Austro-Hmzarian Empire in 1848. and say whiy they failed,

2. t were the causes and results of the Russo-

senose, harg

1968

日五月一年八六九一脚公年七十五國民中

方式題預習書润

物理科 (+)

E,物体之膨服填-

題題解

29 8 5 8 249

4.1 x 50 oce & alib

700

3.00

鄧炳恩·

(14:2300) "(1+250 × 0 000019) = 298.58 (2)

2 26 3.1

B

k = 1tr5000019 – 200) 「依題意得

lé let

(典(得

0.000019X 200 =263.16 (8)

3.两棒必端相距夏為 10 解

0.0038

649 K

5. (14 0. 000012 X 220)

IS X 1.00264

1.50396

(*)

19 X 220)

25 X 1.00 418

2.51045 (*)

2.51045-

=1.00649 (**)

4温度須增高402°C 解設 尤為质增高之温度

adet 2 1 2 5 501 (170.0000125) 銅環在XC时之内直径为5(1+0.000017) 若要铁球能穿过铜理 哽则两直径顶相等

501 (170.000012t)

# = 402 °C

$5.196.4°C

胡設ㄤ°C時鉑絲與舒片长相等则依胆惹得,

251 (140.0000086+) = 250(4 0.000029t). - 4 £ X=196.4°C

0°C之密度马 / 0.2 2

联朗0°c是体殒為V则150°C時之体積為

V. (s† 0.000058×150)

601275 V

BM=100312

=/6-22 (5/2**

珊之体服係数岛.00

277

解設ㄚ為玻璃之体腹嫖数為水银之实賬伊

* 1⁄4 5 * * * * * 2 12 P..

=

YA

1 / Fron - 1/6.500

0080 2797

8. # * K i = 1 # 8 1 0 7 £ 5 #L.

解

0°C时水像之磷特为 1360/13-6

則 100°C時,其体较高

100 [I+ (0.000182 -0.000025)X/v0] = 101.57 (C.C)

敬排云水镇主体積為

101.57-100 = 157 (wk)

9.冰山之体積為3896oo 立方 呎

浮出海面之体移為39 6 0 0 立方吠

**«¿*** 10000 × 2240/575

387100

投球山湖可海水三体镜器

10000 X1140

v = 350,000 (立方呎)

冰山浮出海面之体绩

389, 600 -3.50,

= 396.00 (***)

10. 0°C時之体積為工上升

解放 0°c時

# SV, XC 24H Z VA

V1 =Vc/(HT 2) = 9/(14 7222)

=7位代

E.

物体脹脹問答計算題

在深为 10 公尺,名 4°C 之必衣有一 换为4立方厘米 泡良地图上之氯压怎

76厘米水 雄高温度为20°C問此氢兒上昇 里水面時体穑在為若干!

石玻璃一塊在空氦中董46-75克在4°C時之 中重31.29克在60°C之水中圣 31.5克 茬玻璃王碌胶像数为0.000008 求水之体

102 LORAR 5.100

力者 哪方厘米求旦真之

MALELES 2 300°C

&

于334,或此时之化對压力