V DEC 1967
CITY HALL VAH KIU
中
文中學會考試題預習專欄
地理科
六
●對三鎮、
Geography (6)
Write tes on (a) The Basin of Szechwan
(b) Canton
(a) Industrial Development in
Manchuria.
(a) The Basin of Szechem a
This region, also known as the Red Basin, is isolated from the rest of China by a girdle of mountains on almost all its four sides and the barrow Lohang Gorge. The Basin, forverly a lake, is floored by very productive soils derived from red sandatorea The Basin is drained by four onier.
rivers -- the han, yo, bialiang and wu. These Norte- Bouth tributaries of the Yangtze have cut deep valleys into the surface of the basin with the result that much of the ares consists of a series of ridge. vand. ravines. It is thus mountainous everywkerá
cscept at the Chengtu Flsin.
It has a temperate moist climate which is controlled by relief. The high mountain walls on its north keep off the cold winds in winter willst the sountaina on its south are low
enough to allow the penetration of the ward maritime air masses in summer, Winter temperatures are therefore exceptionally high for the latitude; January temperatures go up to 45°F. The July average 19 80°F. It can be described as warm and humid throughout the whole year, Hainfall totals 40′′ pur year with most coming in summer in the form of drizzles. Frost and snow are almost unknown, but mist and fog are common. The growing season lasts 11 months.
Intensive terrace cultivation is the rule The yield is very high. Two or three crops are possible in a year. Irrigation is practised where necessary. The farmers produce a large variety of crops. Summer crops include rics, potatoes, Laoliang and beans; winter crops are wheat and oilseeds, Tea, sugar-cane, tobacco are the principal cash crops. Several kinds of fibres like cotton, silk and flax are produced.
Szechwan is rich in minerals, especicily coal, iren and salt. There are also deposits of copper, asbestos-and gold. Given such a rich agricultural hinterland, industries associated with food-processing and food-canning have been established. Chungking is the commercial centre and the centre of Heavy industries with iron and steel and machine-building factories. Chengtu has light Industries such as sugar refining and textiles, co
The Basin is now wall connected with other parts of China. A railway Links Chungking, Chengtu, Faoki and Peking. Another line is under construction which will eventually connect Chungking with Luming in South China. Navigation is possible though at times dangerous, for river boata up Chungking along the Yangtze,
BASIN OF SZECHWAN
TSIHLING
CANTON
(0) Industrial Development in Manchuria
Manchuria is the most important industrial region in China. This is due in part to its rich mineral and power resouross, the bigh productivity of its agricultural lands, and as part to the Japanese influence in the past,
The region, bas rich reserves of COLL and iron ore, The chief coal fields are Fuha1 Fushun, Penhei and Paipiao, Iron ore is mined at Anshan and Penhsi which together yield 60% of China's total iron and steel production. Other minerals such as copper, load, gold, ragnesium, aluminium and oil stale have aluw been discovered. Two H.E.P. statione, ons on Sungari River and one on the Yalu River, Produce cheap hydro-electricity for the factories in this region. In addition, the Manchurian Plain offers industrial crops such as cotton, hemp, flaz, sugar beet and soya beans whilst its uplands provide large reserves of commercial timber,
anonuria 18 wall servca intensive internal network of railways. She bas 40% of China a railways, its railw connestad with the U.S.3.5. system to its north and with the Poking-Hankow-Canton Line to its south. This rapid expansion of railway facilities as well as the active mining or esal and iron ore was in the past bound up wit Japanese political influence. These, together with an available pool of labour affected by Chinese immigration, form a strong basis for industrial development.
There are both neavy and light industries, the chief of which are stallio
machine-building, chemical Industry, bering and paper-making, food processing and
Shengyang
iron and coal
Andi
the
XO
@pea
buil
Lures texti
supplied with most important
It is known K6-
great variety
tertile to stu. Changchun 18 ireraft manufactures, al industries. efines sugar and de. Luta, the port of
region, has shipbuilding, oil refining. engineering worke.”
G
MANCHURIA
GREATER
IKHINGAN
IC
日九月二十年七六九一层公年六十五國民韪中
Japanese agriculture is characterised by ite intensive cultivation, Farms are very small,
averaging only about two acres. There is very
little land available for pasturage and the
production of meat and dairy produce is tory am11 except in Hokkaido, Terracing, irrigation and the most advanced agricultural techniques are employed, more and more mechanical tillers and other small-/ sised machinery are being used so as to obtain maxima return from land. Japanese farming is mors scientific than in other Asian countries and this results in high productivity. Interaropping and/ multiple-cropping are common especially in southern Japan,
As there is an inevitable enozage of land for agriculture, Japan must turn to industrilisation to support her huge and ever-multiplying population. Industrial growth has been witnessed mainly on the chief agricultural regions, such as around Tokyo on the Kwanto Plein, Nagoya on the Nobi Plain, Osaka on the Kinki Plain. Consequent to this, there is a large concentration ore m
afely conclude that Japanese population is not evenly distributed of population in the industrial balt of Japan. At the same time, there is i constant migration of people from the rural areaU to the urban centres. The country has undergone very rapid industrial development and attained high degree of urbanisation in this manner.
On the other hand, the physical setting wi Japan has given her a long and highly indented coastline, especially in the south-west where
many bays and harbours have been developed into great ports. Its numerous excellent natural harbours are in part responsible for the growth of Japan into a leading ship-building and fishing country in the world. The latter activity is a)80 amcouraged by the fact that the mountainous na tur of the land has turned people towards the sea for food.
Because of the hilly nature of the country, ita rivers are short and swift, they can be of little use for communication, but they are Important for hydro-electric power and for irrigating the fields.
ocean currents meet at the coasts of Japani) the geld Okhotsk current that flows from the north warm Kuro Shio current that comes from the th, Their effects are two fold
Firstly, these currents can affect the temperature of the coastal areas only when the. winds are on-shore. When the prevailing winds are off-shore, the influence 19 very small since an ocean current can only affect the climate of a land by first warming or cooling the winds that
blow over it. Therefore, the War
the warn Kuro Shia does not-
raise the winter temperature of eastern Japan though it has a slight warming effect on the western coast where the North-West Monsoon winds blow on- shore, The warning effect of the Kuro Shio is, however, in summer when the South-east Monsodu wian blows from sea to land. This enables the South-E mons con wind to pick up moisture more easily and this in turn given heavy rain to the south-eas part of Japan, Similarly, the cold Okhotsk ou Lowers the temperaturs of the air mas passing over it and consequently lowers the temperature at the coasts of Hokkaido. This makes lekkaido / much colder than it would otherwise be,
DRAR
Secondly, when these current meet in the set of Japan and around the coast of Hokkaido, the warm, moist air over the warm current is chilles by the cold air over the cold current, The result 18 bandansa 25 on sehinh lands to dense fogs.
JAPAN - OCEAN CURRENT
LIANG SHAN
Canton
TUNNAN
Canton, the first port to be opened up to Buropeana, has continued to grow, after the opening of other coastal ports, to become the most important port, commercial and industrial city or South China. It now has a population of about 2 willion and is the capital of Kwangtung.
The city is sited on the Chu Kiang, a smo 11
gistributary in the combined
Pai and Tung rivere.
ARKA Kata formed by the
an out port has
miles downstream below
the Chu klang 16 set up at whampon,
12
Canton functions as the outlet for the whole of 81-kiáng Basin. Its inmediata hinterland includes the fertile 91-kiang delta which produces rics, 'swest" potatose, mulberry tross, sugar cane and a variety of fruits. Situated at the Junation the natural river roptes, it has a large junk trade with other urban centres on the delta)
Industries, in Canton include #112 Weaving,
rubber manufacturing, food processing, paper and cement caking, metal processing, ship-building and machine manufacturing...
Canton is the southern terminus of the Peking-Hankow-Canton railway it le linked by rail to Hong Kong which keeps regular contact with the South-East Asian countries and the rest of the world.
CHANGPAT
Korea
Disauss the impact of (a) the hilly nature of
Japan on land use, (b) the ocean currents of Japan on glimtaj.
(a) The relief of an area exercisen great control on methods of land utilization. Japan is a very mountainous comtry. Structurally, these islande are part of the gigantie folds which make a series of festoons off the Asian mainland. The highlanda reach the coast in many places and the only recognisable plains are the Ishikari Plain, the Tognoni Plain, the Sendai Plain the Niigata Plany the Kwanto Plein, the Nobi Plain, and the Osaka Plain, The last three are the most important. The amount of flat land suitable for anltivation in only 14% of the total land area, In an environmeuv such as this, together with an acute pressure for Land coming from its huge population, Japan has to resort to the most effective ways in utilizing her natural resources,
Questions for next week
Saia
More Okhotsk Currena
10, (6) Draw a map of southern Japan and name the
(1) the Inland Sea (11) Honshu, following ** Shikoku and Kyushu, (111) Tokyo, Tokohamns, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Fukuoka and Nagasaki. Show the manufacturing belt vå a Encircle the manufacturing belt with a dotted line and show the three chief manufacturing regions by shading. Outline briefly the geographical factors- that have helped or hindered the industrisi development of Japan.
Describe the porta of Bombay and Calcutta, under the following headings:
(a) position (b) chief resources of hinterland
export trade,
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