1967-11-17 — Page 23

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日六十月十年未丁腰夏

WAH KIU

感

#8 #RUES# 3XS/35397.

1968

NOV 1967

LOLL

日七十月一十年七六九一膳公年六十五國民高中

se

僑樂

題複習書酒

3解作用在物体とえ力如下圖所示。

5 #8%$ #3%$#3%8 #2%$#$%$#$%$# $#$%$#$%$*

物理科 (3)

·鄧炳恩·

1968

英文中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史科

(a) & T

(3)

·侬帆·

或

History (3)

A.運動學與動力學問答計算題解答

1.解在運動學中,uaUS均為向量尤為

標量,在等減速直線運動中

Mgamo M

tkem - a t > 0) V與从之方向一致

sig

My Cooo)

mg

(a) Mg sino

I cood

-JU (Mg cooo -

-T sind) = 0

In

m

· g

=0

(2)

What were the causes of the seconɑ anglo-ChihessTMKar

of 1856 - 18587

How did Metternicn vry to maintain the peace of surede until 18487? To what extent was he successful?

From the end of the Napoleonic wars to 1848). European history was dominated by one man - Princey Metternich, Chancellor of Austria. He symbolized the older European ideas of the Divine Rights of Kings, and he was a perpetual enemy of all change, believing' that the revolutionary ideas of the early 19th century could only lead to ruin and perdition. His aim was to destroy the forces of Liberalism and Nationalism, to preserve the ancient privileges of the monarchy and nobility, and to prevent a recurrence of the excesses of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, In all these, he met with a fair degree of success, for even though his Congress System collapsed in 1829, ́ there was no major European War until 1854. and no

revolution shook the Austrian Empire until 1848.

The Vienna Settlements in 1815 hud two objecte in view:- to preserve the peace of Europe, and to prevent France from evar again being a threat to that peace. Thus it was that the 4: Great Powers of Austria, England, Prussia and Russia had joined together indiscriminately vastly different nations as buffer states around France In being arudious to prevent France from being too powerful again, and in restoring old monarche on

tottering thrones, Metternich had sowed the seeds of

discontent among sasllar nations who were shunted back)

and forth without any regards to their wishes. The

divisions of Germany and Italy, the Combination of

Holland and Helgium were to cause trouble for the Fowers before very long

The first disturbances to disrupt the peace of Europe. came in 1817, when German umiversity students demonstrated their liberal spirits at the Wartburg Festival In 1819, after the murder of Kotzebue,

Metternich rushed through the German Diet a series or laws known as the "Carlsbad Decrees". A strict

censorship was set up, student activities curtailed

and Liberal leaders sentenced to years of imprisonment. Liberalism in Germany and Austria was crushed for

Hear

arzy → generation. Metternich's reactionary prinsicles had triumphed.

The second disturbance came in 28220, when Spain, Naples, - Piedmont, Portugal and even the Spanish Colomes in South America turned against their rulers Metternich called Congreases at Troppau and Leibach in 1820 and 1821 respectively. The result of Laibach way the suppression of Naples and Piedmont by Austrian troops. The hopes of the Italians to unite themselves were dashed for the time being. When the Greek Revolt broke out in 1821, Metternich persuaded Alexander I that to "assist Revolution” was against the principles of Alexander's Holy Alliance. A new Congress to discuse both the Greek and Spanish revolts was called at Verona, Metternich would have suppressed the Greeke If England had not been on their side. As it was, Metternion had to be content to order the French Army into Spain in the name of the Quadruple Alliance to restore order there.

By 1829, the Congress system nao completely collapsed, France, as usual, was the first to begin

A year later, Europe was a flame with. revolutions. whan Charles I was ignominously driven from his throne. This was followed by Belgium, who rose against the domination of their Dutch masters. The Belgians were successful in wringing their independence from the Dutob because of the support of England and France. Italy followed with rebellicas in the Papal States. fomented by the Carbonari. But the

appeal for 8 Popeta help brought the Austrian army, and the rebellion W&B suppressed. The Polish Revolt of 1830 was also suppressed with great brutality by Nicholas of Russia, who had the whole hearted support of Metternich,

Throughout all these disturbances, the Austrian! Empire and Germany had remained fairly quiet due to Metternich's iron control over all aspects of life. But by 1846, Metternich was growing old, and his grip on the Empire was beginning to loosen. In addition, although he had driven underground the ideas of Liberalism and Nationalism, he had not succeeded in totally destroying them. They were lurking beneath the surface, waiting for the right opportunity to rear their heads. Their chance came in 1848. The news of the fall of the Orleans Monarchy arrived at Vienna in March and two weeks later, Metternich was fleeing *Like a criminal' from Vienna, All over Europe, countries were ablaze with revolutions again. Although many of these were suppressed, as those in the Austro- Hungarian Empire and Germany, yet their effects were felt for another generation to come;

What were the causes and results of the Second Anglo Ohinese War?

By the Treaty of Nanking ending the Opium War in 1842, it was stipulated that China was to open five porta to British trade, and to treat the English on terms of equality. But the Chinese had accepted their defeat grudgingly and tried to prevent the tertis of the fresty from being carried out. The entrance of

zara into the treaty parts angered the Triness,

reigners found themselves not welcomed and

insulted and molested, Anti-foreign -high in these ports,

true the

had that

Inta. One of these regarded

从之方向相反

(b) S ̈=

But

の

S與从反向

(C) S =

AMㄤ

u t

£ a i

人向方向

知

致

at2 < 0 &t > 2 of

上式之m即为使物体M 不沿斜面滢

(b) T cood - Mg sino

Tsind)=0

S€

下之最小值。

•UL (M g cos o

m

T=0

(2)

At 244 S)

上式 m即為使物体M不沿斜面上) 移之

2.解設所有向下之向量為正向

(a)

u x + x

100 4.9

= 9 5.1 #1497.

一 (5)設A,B 之 变量分别

Ma, mj AO 21LLO Va, Ub.

則病弹上升 100 未時之邊度V

a) - 2 × 9.8 × 10 8. 9.7 米/秒

依題意由動量守恒定律得

2003

B機械能填-

題

M{sine PAL 200 0) Lood + M pamok

1-物体重1仟克從5示高處落下着地 之速度為8米 川空氣對物体之平均

阻力為

2.電車重8噸摩擦力為重之則等逸

前行4哩所作之功為

·物体重14克自高處落下則5秒末 之動能為

一子弹重100克雛槍口時之速度為 400米/秒槍身長1米則火药之爆發

5磅之石向上投时1秒不之向上

4.呎/秒,則該石着地時之動能為

6速度2008/秒之子彈可凋另4種之 鋼板今鋼板孕 12粒则子弹所瘋之速 度為

9 £ 2.3014×8 0 0 R/# LEE A 鋁直上抛則此物体建最高点時之位能

3 ma

3 (8.9.7)

2.05

2.1米/秒

5匹馬力之

水机自 0呎深處汲 所 之水量為

看地之時間

g x

4.9

LIBRA

8 2 1 x + 1⁄2 x 9.8. 8 2

37649

當地時間較B遭

the opium question which was not even mentioned in the Nanking Treaty. A second grievance was the notorious coolie trade which turned Chinese in foreign countries into slaves. The British were al50 not satisfied with the attitude of the Chinese. Having once defeated China, they were confident they could use force successfully again to zain wider privileges,

The tense situation between England and China wa further aggravated. when Sir John Bowring was made Governor of Hong Kong. Bowring was convinced that China Should be taught a lesson. War would have broken out sarlier if England had not been otherwise encased in the Crimean War,

Thus the storm clouds were gathering. The incident

dentinily sparked off the war came from the ship "Arrow, The "Arrow" was a Chinese owned ship registered in Hong Kong and thus entitled to fly ther British flag. In 1856, the "Arrow" anchored outside Canton. The Chinese Marine Police had been informed that the Arrow was engaged in smuggling activities along the China coast. They boarded the ship, errested twelve Chinese sailors and hauled down the British flag, saying that the "Arrow was in Chinese territorial waters and had no right to fly a foreign flag. The British Consul in Canton demanded the release of the sailors, a and an apology for the insult to the British flag. The Chinese returned the sailors, but.......... the apology was not forthcoming. The British ordered Chinese ship to be detained and British warships bombarded Canton, In retaliation the Chinese get fire to the

the foreign settlements in the city. England declared War and was soon jothed by the ambitious 1 Pretent wapoleon 111 of France. The French Emperor's

*

was that a French missionary had bean murdered in Kwangsi, although the French had not been granted preaching rights in Kwangsi. But a combined Anglo- French expedition was despatched,

The British and French stormed Ganton and silenced! the batteries at Taku. They moved towards Tientsin. The Chinese were alarmed and sued for pesce through thei

則在24

方呎

機車能使量50噸之火車以每小時

30哩之等追前進灭草之摩擦力每噸 為15磅則此機車之功率為 馬力

10 某汽船之馬力為4萬

若此船头

25哩之邊度前行時則加在海水 作用力為

友

offices of the Russian and American Consuls, The Treaty of Tientsin was drawn up in 1858, The Chines opened eleven additional ports including Nanking and) several ports on the Yangtze Consuls were to be. stationed at certain ports, and merchant vessels were) allowed to trade along 600 miles of the Yangtze. British warships were permitted to visit any Chiness ports to obtain supplus and make repairs. Foreigners were allowed to travel to any part of China if they were equipped with valid passports. The British were also granted a measure of extra-territoriality. The Chinese were also to pay compensation to Britain for her commercial losses in Garton, in addition to an Indemnity. The Sino-French Treaty was

very similar except that French missionaries were allowed to go. inland to preach. France was also to enjoy the most favoured nation treatment. The two trasties were to be ratified in Peking in 1859.

When 1859 came and the Britzan and French envoys went up the river to Peking for ratification of the Treaty, the Chinese at Taku opened fire on the ship

arrying the envoys, Hostilities were renewed, and the allies pushed their way to Peking. The Emperor and his Court fled to Jehol, and appointed

his half-brother

with Russia Prince Kung to negotiate a peace, acting as mediator. The Conventious of Peking were. concluded in 1860, 10. orovided that in addition to the 11 ports already opened by the Treaty of Tientsin.. Tientsin was. to be opened to trade. The Kowloon Peninsula opposite Hong Kong was ceded to Britain. The opium trade was to be legalised.

Thus China was defeated a second time. Many Chinese blamed the defeat on Manchu inefficiency and corruption. Agitation for reform was widespread and China at last had to realized that she must strengthen herself to preserve the country.

was the restoration of the Bourbons In France success?

what were the effects of the Treaties of Tientsin ang Peking? How did the terms of these two treaties infringe on Chinese sovereignty?