1967-03-11 — Page 17

日一十月三年七六九一媵公年六十五國民中

移轉心重校建 學中至學小由

學學中加增年逐字數生學小

要需感仍-

擴額

湏 著政府建校烩心,已

所列棒的數字顯示, 據漵近官方公佈

要 侮的照泳。 尙須覆私立學校都 無激臀到抖前爲止, 百之十岚。然而, "的一年內,日曆加的

一學額白告大增,過去

收的中學生和大學預 府學校和津贴·校 一九六六年九月,

名,私立釉校招收的 科尘,約爲四萬九千

六十二萬名,其中百 目前全港共有小學生 。數中列是又透露 滕生,則逾十三萬名

期各租中学日校就讀。

姐窃及津貼舉;而在一九六六年七月平 分六十六批宿於常

的小產生,有百份之七十三點七萬獲得升入

從以上數字觀察| 滿,召開會員大會進

致育司製 詢委

官立建政府資助及私 六五年估計,能改

六,木灣小學畢業生之 孥校接受中等致育者 | 無法升入官立站 為敬號案;依一 九

將由本委員會另行 推以,又港府改育委

員會之英報聯代表,

日下午三時,行家

殿,及府风教育官居

樊此

CITY HALLS

琳小姐泄截。

新易通英專

開通

新英

福特

北角英

校,最近爲適應需求 行銀行鸽摅得蚧體機

對學生,多龍向火商

各糲均由柰我唔經

,李國擔任校長,開

院內,新易遹英專夜 史茲聖基多霸英文

皇道九〇一號,新

四日前報名及É入

向學者須於本月二4

發,年輕,且匯手續云。〔湖》

·張五集

會聯校文英

日一初月二年朱丁唇发

很苷 知榮和 乃以加中予能使每因段

及職,症

李進況前應們感多年

WAH KID

員新選月五

蓉急極學故受勉

食,無禮保

年願

基督教會香港區會,

|今日奠基典禮

「新ㄝ療中繃

公理英文書院

道之公玶英文書院,

【出版消息

會主席梁小鹇博率

時,無行悄基禮,

小朋友

| 零期小朋友盡出版

,毌店報攤有售。內

容-

實,生活故事

| 大賞祺」和「不眾的

誠故事「漂流記」,

龚。小記者寫的

等,均族好內容,交

*「小野牛復仇記」

法」,及群海城故

發傲的結果」, 多力量大」和「有泰

有否。巡柰漫掛有「

|英文科校配合會已| | 有小朋友同樂會「大

,雄正翡行裝修中,的困者參加。有趣的

| 家酒好習」,有該報

入會址,在眾藝大豆

小手工「蠟紙印金」

,詳細辦法也可以在

九能

英文中學會考試題預習專欄

任,除會長候袖運

两屆,其餘委員

悬期看到。全部彩印

,每本六角。優待定

梁得邓任,六六年

開,優先專迭,關

之職員將於五月開任,可能二三二九六一號

歷史科 (十九)

>黃文謙。

'HISTORY (19) By Mr

Anawers

WONG Man-Hymn

(55JG1ve an account on the Russia Empire before the nine-

teenth century?

ANS.

With the onward march of democracy and liberty in Westem Europe during the nineteenth century, the giant nation of Russia failed to keep pace.

Not in the path of liberal progress, but rather in the footsteps of Peter the Great and Katherine the Creat, did the Czara of the 19th century seek to fallow, Their goal was not popular sovereignty, but the terri- torial expansion of a triumphant despotism. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Russia waged no fewer than thirty-three wars, most of them aggressive ware of conquest. By these ceaseless efforts, the Russian Empire had acquired for herself an immense territory. Besides Russia proper, it included Finland, Latvia, Esthonia, Lithuania, most of Poland, and Biberia. And yet the ambition of the Czars was never satisfied.

They were

As to the intemal history of Russia, at the beginning of the 19th Century, Russia could not yet claim to be a civilized country. Its people were back- ward. They were so suppressed that there was no organization to demand reform. Hence the French Revolution had little influence upon them. ruled by a small group of landowners with the Czar at the head. This group was all-powerful and held all the chief offices. The country itself was not developed, There were as yet very few industries and the chief occupation of the people was agriculture. It was a society of nobles and peasants with as yet no middle class.

During the nineteenth century, the ambition of the Czars had led them to engage in a bundle of foreign wars. However, on the other hands liberal ideas from the West had also paved the way for, some reforms which were taken place to improve the lot of the Russian people. 136) How did the Czara in the 19th Century take choice

between Czarism and Liberalism? Take any two of them as examples?

ANS.

At the beginning of the 19th century, liberal ideas have been leaked into the eastem nation of Russia The desire for freedom and reform among the Russian people has bean awakened. The Czars, however, still tried to consold date their hold on the people and thei empire.

Under this circumstances, Czarism and liberalisa)= were quite out of harmony in the reigne of the Ceara in the 19th century: As explanations, let us take Alexander I (1801-1825) AlexanderII (1855-1881) as. examples. =

求機商學經,開監夜

(a) Alexander I'1

At the begdining of the century Czar Alexander 1, had shown some sympathy with liberalism. For example, he had granted a constitution guaranteeing to Russia Poland the right of having a parliament. He published a pardon of political prisoners, recalled exiles and and carried out some reforms. Torture in the prisons was abolished. He also encouraged the nobles to free their serfs and to give or sell them land.

ten.

All his plans were upset by to factors. The firat was that he himself never knew his own mind for long. At one time he waa liberal - minded, at another despo. tic. He was an idealist or dreamer and many of his plan: were never carried through, The second factor was the war with Napoleon. In war-time, all a country's resour- ces go into the war-effort and other things are forgot-

So it was with, most of Alexander's ideas. After 1807, Alexander was helped by Michael Spart enski, who drew up a play of refone for the Czar. This plan was based on the French Leclaration of the Rights of Man. But the scheme aroused the opposition of the nobles, and Sparenski was dismissed and exiled in 1812. Yet he remains as one of the Russia's greatest adminis trators For he was the first to advocate the granting of a constitution to Russia, freedom to its peasants, and a general code of laws.

Alexander did not show himself a great soldier when, after he had refused to close his harboura to British ships, Napoleon attacked him, The Moscow Campaign was a disaster for Napoleon, not because

鹰

one czar snowed any military skill, but because the] French Emperor attempted the in

Next to Metternich he was the outstanding rigure at the Congress of Vienna; but of

pcbte Holy Alliance

politici, not a practical plan to put before

He obtained Poland for Russia but under the Influence of Nettemich and soon. gave up all his liberal ideas, abandoned his plans of pe and accepted Mettemich's idea that the only way ta prevent revolutions and conspiracies and disorders. was to maintain autocracv in the saddle: (b) Alexander II:

Alexander, LI, like his uncle, Alexander I,was inclined at first to grant reforms. The Crimean War, in the midst of which he'escended the throne; re vealed Russia fa weakness and showed the need of: reorganization. During the first ten years of his reign, Alexander II was a reformer: he emancipated the serfs, established local assemblies, introduced. the Jury system, and the censorship of the presa Less "strict, But in 1866, sexyclitionist attempted fo

shoot him. From that day unja Czar was more consera tive..

The schools, he commanded, were henceforth tol teach religion and respect for authority. Revolut ̇tionary ideas must be stifled.

陪診 events proved, revolutionary ideas Could not

be stifled. In fact,

the more they were persecuter

the more radical and violent the advocates of pro- f press became.

Some of the educated people, especially university

graduates, thought that the only remedy was to criticize ell existing institutions and ideas, in order to prepare the way for freedom. Science, reason, and individual liberty were their ideals. They denounced: everything else: autocracy, religion, marriage. private property. As one of them said, if such instiy tutions had any good in them, they would stand criticism; if not, it was right to smash them as rubbish, Person who held such views were called "Nihilists", because nothing (the Latin word for nothing is nihil) was sacred to them. The name from a novel, in which a "Nihilist" was defined as "a man who bows to no authority." The original Nihilists were more theoretical than practical; onen did not attempt a violent revolution; they simply formed secret associations and endeavoured to spread their doctrines among the common people. They were inclined to be bookish and philosophical.

CBTM

#

Punishing the Nihilists, or imprisoning them, of aending them off to Siberia as convicts, or driving themj into exile, did little good. Other agitators took their places, and became still more radical. One ory the men who was sent to Siberia as a convict was Mikhail Bakunin, a kusasian nobleman. After escaping from Siberia, he went to Switzerland and began to uso; his pen to stir up the Russian people. The Czar, the. whole government, the church, the landomers, the police, marriage, religion, hereditory property all must be attacked and annihilated. Associations of workingmen, and of peasants should take possession of land and other property, not hesitating to use violence) This was "Anarchism". During the 1860's and 1870's Bukunin's anarchist doctrines gained headway in Russia)

As time went on, and peaceful reforms seemed more and more hopeless, the idea of using violence became. more and more popular, Secret conspiracdas were organised to assassinate high officials. Bombs were, "used instead of books, by the new generation of (S revolutionists. These Terrorists believed that the "only way to win liberty and bring about reforms was

to strike terror into the hearts of. the Czar and hi) officiala. The killing of a Czar or of an official now and then would at least teach Bussig's rulent d wholsome lesson and might even prepare the way for Grevolution.

Thus in the year 1881, a bomb was thrown by a Terroriet that put an end to the reign and:the_life. of Cear Alexander IP:

Questions

(37)Way was a Russian revolution attempted (un: 9057 Why)

- did it fail? Was anything obtained from It?.

+

(38)How would you define what is meant by the Industrial}

Revolution? State briefly the process or the) Industrial Revolution,

華國聲新聲樂宫皇·華大·統總江珠·慶普樂快城東

九點九,九點七、九孔、九點两出時離國

評好致一映献場夜午末週上

映⁑場五明今颦漿 霸片務特球全動轟司公克蘭。

獎像金項四名提

映献天气

片鉅胆大情奇艷冶亞比倫哥

獎主佳會人影美榮 女最協評國獲

定提擠勢

「達前擁必

作者

餐:芙麗格烈蓮

情偷姐大傻

演合·斯比倫阿·臣美士占

尊遜施娃歌仙

•察愛姬森

聯合主演

路場四天今

片幕闊七出長

·巨銀彩品城 一觀 ̇

好致果

好一各 評報

陳思思 傳奇

附英黄槍!

娜瑪

百百:銀行 中發 忽踪

大人姑英黃普 快心

慶 演匯藝劇舞歌餘大後

30

20

9.30

赠恩兇擒手玉班雄英小擊游是「天

九九四七哥五半兩間時映放

̇點

*點

獎像金項三十本期提榮

屆選名獲

巨

全譽

【皮牌球

早請末週!滿

院港

聯九

絲丹桑史佐波李·泰莎伊 合三四 满天·妮蒂高治 頓寨 萊白義:

萬

鈞力:

世界輿論

致好評

挑當子偽!蕩春姐傻 情面,君 漾心,大

聲樂

西一風萬華國黨却通聯聲

特藝七彩闊銀幕

星煞

利犀更ㄜ煞女多得剛金男

年險案偵 四神 之男大 要和香

下徒叫探 面人 動尙, 風甘毒 絕拍秘 紅爲胆 心也艷

嬬媳凉凄..塲早語典半點十宮里

·宵春慾靈

WHO'S AFANIO DE VIRGINIA Wool

奇人怪情胡整慾一 海物塲纒夜火腔

主丹湯勿将12: 演斯阿 脆送30

主興天11. 樂快

演圖門下釘45

̇城東

利 樂民樂仙都麗華麗 都皇·聲麗·后皇宮樂·臺舞

佾管理

數

方東·楽東

羣奖瀉滿日連

映献大盛天今

多期献司克

慶號「贏!週二第今

巨奇古國

鼐真早請今滿狂昨

朱唐

座定前提購敬

喾墨两蒂蓮伊轉 諾基

無整县:12加明

·命俠夜:點開天 棺追五 牛早每 上海院

寶仙羅斯堅雅產嶭佐品

·精嘉蒂 尼歷戈治

田趙樂 青雷蒂

会英群海詢

宁彩季:

醃娃 史芙

ADIOS GRUNEGA

馬

手鎗快行獨

彝狂風暴雨

侠熬

鎗命李塊追

A COFFIN FOR THE SHERIFF

̇體槍!崩齢

狼打史安全 殘鬥提東

【暴單

安槍

闊七仔的好都到由 幕彩 片牛味咁尾頭

方東 樂東

身

孔

崩咀裂,鮮血

死蛇海慈

全部七彩

忍兇

芬尼“彩

産圖

朱國良監製

唐 鸡導演

QUILLER

MEMORANDUM

報每一諜是一週國一整始片流一好全

日[戰一道報懷1張至,間, 快 片部。影英蔠自諜評球

烈乾合法:戰密諜

人中扇

多鴦亂陣下仙馬王王王

!趣點!迷女劍

事鴛魂擺棠海琛萊 無趣(奇特亦亦投仙多多美神 鷄味 幻技 艷香懷女|彩姿|儷話

年六矣!記麽小仙| 製開賽| 殺灣活照

正

牛 碼海

• 伊士曼七彩閭幕

廣 輪

告

華豪·華新

1棚爆辣熱

錄紀座滿 切一碎粉

十時九·半時七·二時五·半時二間時

片巨搏肉戰搶烈激張緊司公美聯

..星巨「搶命衮環速快行獨小

活士伊連奇

【作傑人嘛一又属再接再

∙FOR A FEW DOLLARS MARE N

【霸湖侠独

調伏江行

宗正片鬥打戰槍是標商「快行獨」 !惡掃本超!強專當敢

霸盡~~R 亂碰頭字

國·華豪

周鳖

-