1966-12-17 — Page 23

有三張六㇏

日兴初有二十余年芮威素

晚間舉行歡送宴會

昨日完滿閉幕

簡會,昨日最後一路上岸投海運大

职英文中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史科

(七)

黃文謙

HISTORY (7) By Mr WÒNG Mân-Hytin `

Answers

I LI JCive account on the New Regime which was introduced )

since 1867 after the Meiji Restoration,

ANS.(a)The End of Feudalism: -

Under the peace brought by the Tokugawa, feudalian had long been decaying. Now under the changing condià tions, it became obvious that it must be entirely. In 1869, the four feudatories - Choshu, Satsuma, Hizen and tess - offered their possessions and their men to the Emperor in order to strengthen the centralized authority of the Crown and to: end the intermial divisions brought by feudalism. Most of the other "daimyo" followed suit.

2. Iri 1871, an Imperial decree ordered the end of reudalism. For a time the former daimyo and sonural were given. pensions but these proved so expensive that bee tween 1873-1876 1μm-sums.

Sey were replaced by the payment of

This was the end of a system which had lasted for about 1,000 years, though which iu had developed could not be immediately erased, Financially and socially most of the daimyo and samurai suffered. The peasants. however, gained from the abolition of feudalium. They had been tied to the soil and subjected to harsh res- trictions and payments. Gradually many of the heredi• tary restrictions were withdrawn, taxes in money`ré- placed taxes in rice, land was revalued and the sys- tem of holding land was altered.

(b) temoval of Social Distinct lons:-

Some of the old social distinctions were also re- noved, th 1876, the Samurai were required to Lay aside their swords, the sign of their rank. The court, nobi-. lity and the military formerly.the different rank,were merged into one nobility. The lowest social class, the Reta" or thinin" was freed from their, hereditary dis-

nonour.

(c)The New Arty:

The army was no longer made up of the Samural arone. In 1872, conscription was introduced and a start was made in building the army from men of ali classes, which meant that eventually the old profes gional Samurai no longer dominated even the leadership of the army. The German addel was followed and for a time European officers were engaged to assist in this re-organisation.

(a)The New Politicaj institution:*

A civil service was introduced, the officials at Tirst being largely recruited from the Samurai būt no one was allowed to hold office in the area in which he had been born, and later recruitment was by means of competive civil service examination.

ONG

Those who enthusiastiö about Western culture, strongly advocated the introduction of parliamentari institutions: Attempts at assemblies made after the Charter Oath were unsatisfactory but demanded increase) in 1877. In 1878, a plan for local elected assemblies was announced, and in 1881, the government promised that in 1890, National Assembly would be called and " constitution would be granted. In 1885, a cabinet sys- tem, similar to that of Germany, we introduced."

(6)Economic Changes::

In these years, the Industrial Revolution vas brought to Japan, Factories were erected, railwaya and telegraph lines were built, steamships were constructed, foreign trade grew, aurrenoy and banking were developed according to Western patterns. As in other changes, the government took the lead, but at made great use of 台式 tolling private concerns. It developed model industries and then handed them over at low prices to dome of the great financial houses. As è result certain families wecame very powerful in industry, commerce and banking The most powerful of

Zaipatshu, & kind of busin-

bishi," became known (AB

In order to st the tour, and the Mitsu-

ess department of state

the nation ka äo2inst

foreign powers, the government stressed those industries which could assist the Army and Navy and would complete with foreign products Thus arsenals, foundries, and ehipyards were built. Mines were opened Cotton mills and paper mills, chemical works, and factories for pro- ducing glass and dement, were erected. But the most striking Industrial development did not appear until 1895

The ripet razlways, fokyo-Tokobama, was built by: the State in 1872, Telegraph lines were built annd telephones were introduced.

The Currency whiäh has previously varied from district to district, wag nationalized and made uniform.

A system of national banks and paper money was introduced In 1881, the Bank of Japan was created.

(1)Religious Changes: --

Parallel with the polit108ï and economic changes, came the revival and strengthening of "Shinto" which stressed the divine origin of the imperial family and

of the nation itself. Confucianism and Buddhiem continued but with less prestige, and between 1867 and 1872, there was even some persecution of the Buddhiets.

Early in the 1870's the Japanese ceased to obstruct the spread of Christianity and now the missionaries, Roman Catholic and Protestahts: became really active and Christianity began to spread,

The toleration of Christianity was due to political reason, for Japan was seeking to eliminate extraterritori-

and one conventional tariff and be recognized us 11 equal to other nations. In the 1880's, it was even duhat Japan should become officially Christian: " to gain prestige in the West, Buc though Chrie- Ity apread quite rapidly, in

10 1894, láss then half cent of the population are Christians. They had, ever considerable influences in social and moral

education and in creating an international

威岀—第三人煤澳關唔

起

食白安精,謂三人爲希時齊。

(本報記者攝)

ANS.

「寫實政人才之故。〔〕

區,右第一人盤正洲協會總會主席

2未能全过在各區官小開股、便是因爲缺

out look.

但同

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愁 竅

無之 能他怨 生刑 ·必较 循理

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然

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使理 李四等、初然

老款正

(x)Intellectual Changes:-

Even before the Meiji Restoration, some students were going to Europe and America for education. Many of them became leadera in the transition. After the Rea- taration, thousands of students went to study abroad.

Moreover, the Japanese worked out a Western Type of educational system, going from primary schools through øecondary school to universities. In 1872, & law passed which became the basis for universal compulsory primary educations

閉港

會討潔假时 分

甘七十>二十六六一层公牢五十海智席

龇閼作近

低能兒童教育

將低

昨日上午會爵主 菲律賓大學中的幻想 約有十間官小設有此種班級 由三或四年級開始施教 教育當局計劃在官小普遍設立低能兒童特別班 現時已 (特斯)本悲的低龍兒取教育制楣, 四海天渭秘李行歡送 三浦律度大 汗 者亦將於数日內分筑 資及工廠勞则之袂G 利士該授,體題第二返國。(超),

將有更大發展

雞腿

年金習有寧學 腐 因的屏的功德.爲北之級開小屋,機警之时话

→間稻子硏在定習奮,開學 按理,追對

現代文學梁入大學英 戲劇的學習」,..

【RDINANCE)~

HIFI CREDO 萬一九五九年賴德克

LIFFEREPORT|

*職之行

Thousands of books were translated into Japaness. Newspapers and periodicals appeared and multiplied. (h)Jurdicial Changest-

The desire of free of extraterritoriality stimulated the Japanese to reorganize their lawa and courts, for the Western Powere would not agree to the abolition of ext raterritoriality until convinced that their nationale. would be treated Juatly. New codes were compiled after Western models had given imperial approval in 1890. They were put into force gradually in the next nine years. judges, apecially trained, were appointed for Life,

(1.2)To what extent did the Korean Question Lead to the oute

break of the Sino-Japanese War (1894)7 State the reasons, of China and Japan for going to war?

Japan had long been interested in Korea. Thus early in the 17th century into the first part of the 19th cen- tury, Korea had sent tribute to Japan Ba well as to China, With the coming of the Heste mers, Korea became more. important, for in the hands of a hostile power it would a great threat to Japan and an obstacle of ner Continental Policy.

After the Maiji Restoration the new vapanese governe ment tried to establish friendly relations with Korea,

but without success, Japan a attitude at this time seemea to be that in view of intrigues and ambitions of -Russia and Chigs in Korea, Japan anould do everything possible to preagrve Korean Independence..

There

a struggle between the progressive (largely: pro-Japanese) and the Conservative largely pro-Chinese in Korea. The whole thing complicated by this rivalries, in 1882, a riot broke out in which the Japanese legat

was attacked. China, as suzerain, restored order. Japan

exacted an indemnity, a mission of apology, new privileges for her merchants and the right to keep a garrison in Seoul. She Insisted on dealing with Korea directly,

an independent' state, and not through China..

China now sought to arav Korea more definitely.

within her orbit. Li Hung Chang sent Yuan Shih-kai (later) 1912-16, President of the Chinese Republic) to Seoul:es Chinese Resident Commissioner..

24 In 1885, a Sino-Japanese convention was signed!= (1)

Both countries were to withdraw their troops from Korea:: (11) Neither was to lend offre, resto driti. the Rorean

Army.

(iii)In the event of an internal disorder, neither would.

aimedforces without notifying the other.

In 1894, the national party. of Korea, called the. Tong-hak, 'that is "followers of the Eastern bearning; rose in revolt against the reformed government of Korea which was backed up by the Chinese Commissioner Yuen, A force sent against them by the Korean King met with a serious reverse and consequently nelp was asked from the Emperor of China, The Chinese Government decided to send..

force of: 2,00D men to Korea for the purpose of restoring

force of 2. order, and as soon as the force had been dispatched,

notice was sent to Japan. The Japanese nad already received the information from their spies of this more on the part of China, and taking a pretext the fact that China hed

failed to consult with the Japanese government until after the expedition had started, sent to Korea a corps of arms conaiating of 10,000 men, Thue the troops all the count ried ware brought face to face in a semicnost le Mattitude

PUBLIC

Although negotiations ware Ben on fact for the witn. drawal of the forces of both countries, each side suspected the: aicerity of the other. While negotiations were stil in progress, the "Kowshing", a British steamer commanded by British officers, was employed by the Chinese Government As a transport to convey Chineas troops to reinforce the first expedition. As she was on the way to Korea, egoorted by two Chinese men-of-war, she was sighted by Japanese " cruisers. The Japanese poured a broadside into the trans- part. The scene that followed was frightful, and the ship. went down, carrying with her most of her passengers and draw.

This led to a formal declaration of war on both sides, and both countries rushed troops to Korea. Reasons for going to war:-

(a) China's reason;

China gave as her reason for going to war theat forea was one of her feudatory states, and that therefore, as suserain, she had the right to interfers in the political affairs of her vassal state, while Japan's action was entirely unjustifiable.

(b) Japan's reason'-

follows

Japan's reasons for going to war WET

briefly as

(1) Her resentment at the naughty manner in whian ane haa always been treated o China, and her desire for revenge on account of the attack on the Japanese legation in 1894 (11) The assassination of Kim Ok Kuin, a forean statesman, who hao taken refuge in Japan after the outbreak in Korea, hed, resided there for ten years, and had the been dacoude to Shanghai ang murdered by Korean emissaries, whow the Chinese had taken no steps to punish,

(111) The desire to obtain control of the government of kozBo

(19) An earnest desire on the part of the Japanese Governm gent to divert attention from domestic affaira, on account of a civil ravolution threatened by the military cla8809 She vas anxious to turn this restless military energy into other channels, and so took the opportunity of allowing it. to be panded on Ohlman

(1))Bummarize the Tranty of Shizonoвeks and point, but whien

Provision gave orat influence to China's sovereianty and development - How? G

(14)What were the results of the Sino-Japanese war? How China

Buffered from Chavn-Brie ho

gained from 107

八星六文

蒸五年館

中途背容,金 野股兼指以融分學所 鑰器,銀作制析橱蠲

區印和民筋端故育與期亭抽

、我國國會親會界本校局會酒

東巴新日,合稱接人被两,重美榮的

坦、大加在質 巷見及關濟业行政

·馬婥國本等時間车哈夫山稻

汗五、本開岩 會岩校婦加滾

全機佔智者

李晨的學思齊不

而的者學溶的塑掉

!金學生

饿山巴夫腔

文撰名克婚

及洗萊及

大童

展育

亮

「九時,養, 木課程共十六路,台|梅北潀牌望,日期1 比較銀行開度:俯,地盤-大會堂先

蘭人,後發後,發,並聖公會李求恩紀念中學

数数商不能在心經止登生地位,外雄於去有師長隨生了感情,其也是實了,米師與府觀賞、對州区、果会抑、清熱點,就 有的社會開運係,使被破染無遺。曝生,封合彩、張文飛、張榮镐、張美齡、張數分、安

当做人,中文英

第一屆頒獎典禮

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介紹該會首腦 人

認識港教育界

貸會(COMMISSI

ON MONEY N,

。期使選作人士對於

A

正大錘英語學院瀀理

共十講。內容分三部 工業法:本饃程 令,以瓷參考。

法、 BANKING.O

「業務,中央銀行之狼 九六11年湯堅斯蒂告內容包括採購,保管, 麥及一九六四年銀行亞洲協會香港分會

能,金融市蟎,貨幣 轻共十二。旨在介 起每星期一,時間 及家榮作金融經濟之學費:全期四十元。北會嬌堂,日期: 本課程根據香港 科管理之基本原理 費:全期三十五元。

內容包經:商銀行至下午六時至七時,),地點;大會堂八 一家之銀行金融制度, 日起每厌期五,時間:晷牾〔黼以英語) 在蘭尤發類及其佔間 一九六七年11月十七 舀里時席,衆授餐就

典產全部採用崇敔梁式,祈禕及在經 NDCREDIT)進聖酒店,開售行商也曾有个好轉向 ,有上一份沉重不過的畫任,本梁展太上,與及情感性為厚的雲育意見。一是各只為政的教学行就是須配合其他发过 一蒞會規禮嘉賞,包括有教會人士,學生家途的摄會

·如弈了智者的受學機會。查實問題的重點應付和交代校長職賨的田地了.. 維 四郐經濟遂用的意見而產生出來的患‘翁,這並無不對,但這一來教師和學生長 根生因一観之瘵而被淘汰。赖以管理接囊理核師對學生的鐵腿行爲,在法理上

其一是以低酸育因隱孳生智方不倦的恩想,若不断附一方,精神負機側大了。 ,共有這類思想的,以爲在個學位不足 有適當權力的,在香港來說,跋業接已

頒獎典禮,於昨在下午五時正,假新蒲崗 可惜的強很多學生曾通常態的學生, 的饼况下,學生活不盡甄別,則表者可能,是到了被克轉至不能理想况,有效地,夫 稱:

(特)瓿公李求恩紀念中學官店,位教乏術况下的萨果。這他可以改牌的。

• 故育機會不因共生雙态而有偏愛,無 陕會將在本港召開一連串,在香媒創辦學校之流群中作一跳菜黃偉。一是佔絕大多數的普通態兒流,感察事布 | 总受前去助母举行實风激暴的工作,學校交亞及灰品,白的的會生致翻開,動 物有管理;太康,加大也年一月 之貴問題發表意見 慨嘆校長不易爲 因香港 極星對於道力面的當機,無高招活的教會,從短根根-

實了内心,其行用就必不合 说度(过佔整整的絕大多數,許多在贏別,網直接管舞學校的没育官,按受等而實」的父母,其本身必焛行億公正,別導工作 謝富章、或傷宏、黃質感、黃榮相、

何所抉擇 煞費思量,獲藍死沒店演的教育,致材巴世界進步了與熱建為,並會亦因此得到良好的铁序。·香湖中文大學聯合醫院就運科實體所 位,存致保險制字,有現代工商路附於物下午七時蛮人時,學存有兩種對立之教育思想 覆乎不在智慈两者的爭附,而是通路斯, 例如+(甲)司法之扽超越了教育司 一 個與父母有感情的兒女,能導引兒女於正文、杜治邦、唐偉光、甘窿痰、食感榮、

共1爲所发兒意都應視同自家的兒女 摸, 要校采何用? 後,神長李守候歎氣並各告務,渠管先铠的分別,抛育方法,份量,內容,速度之雄力,赛愛上】是因營需於一個校長,別導工作而造成無數壤品青年的巴嫩。 推出李求恩和含中系命名之由來及聖公會,可以有別,但受機會必須均等,尤其|根據此自已的教育理椹去楠行教育-敦和 李守懇校長垌品,龄白約翰人和被 該校隆锬郳行,衆喜約翰會督徒区主持,就因此制度而失去了就學及獲得因光阴前 此去選擇過用的課本。這攤力被抹殺,等裨營隊的結果。所以訓導的工作,難符是

· 約翰會督伉儷授憑致钏 校長李守慧就没長 有些是利用遇和力台民取私利的畫成長好畫師,學生能效能及老師,才容易因。《 的精粹定立在這原則上便不會有幹,禁例賢、余兆林、陳楚版、陳頌椒、洪莉、 前則凡是帮助辦理就學的一種裝面方一陳薇莉、隣舜、陳婉華、野徙蘭、鬻 一個醒從父母教的女兒,定必是一銘、馬瑞祥、莫文法、冼北绿、 力¿道镳力艾是否就正地和純正地保持,關、居艾文、蔣诸甘知芬、雙水平、 產後,香港所有的校長是否都能保有追撞,陳世澤、陳永站、張門、虎道,同年

·故氏證又就到底問題,發表意見,來調的智、樹銘龍、描永澤、李賜怏 析

於把全港教育放進一個定衒,死板鬥一的古老的方法,但仍造有效的方法,在校 時代的來活用。亦哭决定北新圍,更要由思想,瞑的出來因此可以走上來 (丙)校長負有勝任教師及解聘教師的工作。若不,結果就必屢踏階西因被消 中,經常綱心地去選取合與,合發號, 作良好的道德觀念,反之恐成假無比的健梁、八本港最愛) 鈞、李變安、李本長、李天下、李永光、

品樂生姓名如下:陳泉、西、

攝漱材,線本的仙力,巴在前爵中了,過念,才属正能使良已成何一個閽事暴生的賞會給、苦巧鈴、王兖蛤、無麗爾、机能 (公)一同周校長事有編定線過,選心呃。教師對學生在心底亮產生了愛陳念館、戴亦舞、鄭元獅、杜魯斯、附姫費、 變得雙後,校長是有安任在這許多的教材 由《其中得來的人生移軸,並不一矮能三期开,隨假赖技與維林治國漫景牙属戲剪者注意 老香港師生關保的整無機動,使,有意義和女淑德、敦長帽、在惟兒、吳登瑞、消息刊在

四息有

意請張刊数

裁第在育

的等由仓材商

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色

歐地保鄃楼:

上精,腐是!

满意不不

拖不。經滿意組:

面,大路保有防吕:

方禁工於是,,持道頓岩茗

军,校

以,果 德來導學能

遇但。 的顯的會寰工生使

會校金品 歡果决是以來,生因內的敬已 在

·類必能效導此之殿得,心愛獳 妈教會

合及約年

以成 良行該師個荷

不好放