1966-05-26 — Page 16

Any The velocity of sound in air

333,4 metres per

second while wind blows from 8 to » în 4,4 Tre Jer second.

期匾

日六廿月五年六六九一麿公年五十五國民莖中

育教健康

7.

afátance of image above principal axle be

11.65

The image is virtual situated, 233, was from the lens, 1.65 mm, above the principal axla and on the same side as the source of light,

White light consists of a mixture of seven1 different colours. The refractie Index of ginas de different for each colour component; so that when 'whiếu Might falls on the prism, sach coläw in it is)

refracted at different angle, with the result that -the onlours are spread out to form a'spectrum.

focus light;

Lens To

White Light

in stit

Source

(>).

CALA

PRODUCTION OF PURE SPECTRU..

GLASS-

The Langle of rafraution is

Spectru

on

screen

英中會考歷史科答案、黃交課

(Continued)

Hong Kong English School Certifidith Examination.

ANSWERS (History II) By Mr. Wong Man-Hymn

(3) To what extent was the dispute over railways between the central

government and the provincial authorities in China responsible for the outbreak of the Chinese Revolution of 19111

ANS The provinces were opposed to the policy of the government tending to further centralization, and manifested opposition in regard to the construction of the proposed railways, They demanded that the financing and building of these roads should to left in the hands of the provincial authorities. The government, however, entered into negotiations with a delegate representing four nations for the building of the Canton-Hankow and Szechuan-Hankow railways, The Chinese generally did not trust the government in the raising of large sums of money from foreign captialists, and were afraid it would lead to a twofold evil, first the further into ference of foreigners in Chinese affairs, and secondaly the increase of the power of the Manchus as they could use the railways for their troops and thus hold China in complete subjection to the throne.

When an edict was issued that all trunk lines already constructed were to be redeemed and to revert to the central government, and that all new lines were to be constructed by the central government, there was much excitement throughout the country and many memorials were sent up to Peking denouncing the policy.

In Szechuan especially, strong resistance was manifested, and soon the whole province was in revolt. Tuan Fang, who had been appointed Director-General of the Canton-Hankow and. Szechuan-Hankow railways lost his life on his way to Szechuan at the hands of his own soldiers, and shortly afterwards the, Viceroy Chao Erh-feng was murdered at Chengtu.

(5) Give reasons for the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

and discuss its results.

ANS. Reasons for the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese Kar:-

The victory in the Sino-Japanese war marked the beginning

of Japanese imperialist expansion. Japan continued to increase her army and nacy arid began to prepare for the next conflict which was to be with Russia.

We have seen in the above chapter that Japan had to give back the Liaotung peninsula and Port Arthur in 1895. But the very year China was forced to give a lease of these to Rusšim and also the right to link up. Port Arthur by rail through Manchuria with the Trans-Siberian railway, Japan thus saw

that her rival in the Far East was Russis.

On the other hand, Russia continued to send large foroes of troops to Manchuria and many ships to Port Arthur and Dairen. During the Boxer troubles, Russia had occupied the three provinces of Manchuria. Japan demanded that she withdraw from these provinces. Russia promised she would do so, but did not. Eventually Japan was ready for war and it began in February 1904. In 1902, England had made an alliance with Japan but she was only bound to help Japan if Japan were attacked by another country in addition to Russia,

Japan thereupon (February 9, 1904) attacked and' defeated a Russia fleet off port Arthur and the war atarted.

The Results of the Russo-Japanese Wars-

The Russo-Japanese War, had important effects on the situation in the Far East:-

1) It gave Japan the upper hand in Korea and the southern

part of Manchuria. Russia's lease of Port Arthur was transferred. Korea became a Japanese sphere of Influence after 1905 and was formally annexed a few years later (in 1910), Thus began a career of terri-) forial expansion on the mainland,, at China's expense, (b) Japan's success made England quite willing to conclude

a close alliance with the victor, in 1905 which enboldened the Japanese to go on straight forward her continental policy

(c) For China, the war was a bitter lesson.

Russia and Japan-

fought the war on Chinese spil and usurped the right to diapose of China e Manchuria provinces, utterly disregarding China's wishes in the matter.

(d) Moreover, the defeat of gigantic Russia by the small

Europeanized nation of Japan was proff enough that Europeanization was worth while.

At the beginning of the war, the little nation of the Far East was a dwarf compared with gigantic Russia; the Russians felt sure of an easy victory. Japan had only a population of 45,000,000 people while Russia 330,000,000. Japan was just a small fox barking at aj burely bear. Painful indeed was Russia's aurpriss When her armies were defeated time and again with

terrible Losen by this new Westernized nation,

HONG

CD

P

عليكم

Scala

tin, L.em.

1 Lens position »

sperture

B Position of source of Might

Height of the patch of light on screen

1 Position of its inkga

QR

Anawat

"By mouaurement.

(1) P30 11.7 m., from the principal axis and

23.3 and from the lens.

(14) The height of the patch of light is = 37 % m.)

(1), The-Ions/eque tɛon is >

where

$4 1. the object distance;

(11)

v is the longe distance, and

de the focal length of the lens.]

-- Sy using Real-is-positive convention, all} distance are measured from the optical centr Distances of real objects' and limzes are positive Distances af virtual objects and images are negative, The Tool length of a converging lens is a real focus and is positive whereas that of a diverging lens, várh tual fogum, is negative.

27.5

7.5

175

-22.3.

The two rectangular blocks can be treated

a combine tion. "As they are rectangular the

angle of energence is equal to the angle of incident.)

Condenser

Projecti Tens

A simple form of Projection Lantern

The condenser, collects ht which would otherwise spread out and be vaated, and cause it to converge through the slide on to the projection lens

Using lana egunião

object distance

distance of slide from lena

imga distance.

Katance of soreen from Zang

a.7%

fans. The focal length of the projection lem

is 9.73 in.

考經濟及公共關係科答案 >

Hong Kong English School Certificate Examination

E.P.A. (Answers continued).

}

5. (b) What benefits does a country gain from taking part in '

international trade?

In international trade a country can, obtain Denerita by specialisation; Specialisation has led to important consequences. It leads to the better use of land, labour skill, and technique. It lowers transport costs. It can also lower the production cost. The industry of a region can be adapted to its natural resources, The farmers can take full use of its land.

A country can also gain by importing goods that one can not produce herself. She can import raw material to make into finished goods for her own domestic market. Then the lcountry can enjoy other's specialisation.

By international trade both importing and exporting} countries benefit from bettor prices. Each country exports its surplus products which can command higher prices abroad or imports those goods which are lower in brices in country abroad,

By competition, cauitries may achieve a favourable balance of trade which leads to full emplayment. A country will gain if the value of exporte is more than the value of imports. Under these. conditions the people will enjoy high standard of living.

(c) Explain rully what is meant by perfect competition What!

effect does imperfect competition have on the price of a commodity?

In the economic field, competition refers to a smrkvu of market relations, Pure, perfect, imperfect or free- these and many other terms are employed to describe the f Competitive pattern of economic market.

In perfect competition, the commodity or Burvluq j more or less uniform. There are many producers of the commodity. The amount of output of, each producer is relatively amall.

The price of the commodity in periact competition is determined by the conditions of supply and demand. The producer has little control over the price. Buyers are continually bargaining with each other to obtain scarce supplies of desirable commodities on the cheapest possible terms, and sellers are rival Deeking to dispose of their goods at the highest possible price. Its govered by. the law of supply and demand.

In imperfect competition the producers can raise the price by restricting output. The orice of the commodity can be controlled by the producers. The price is more or less maintained. The producer, stands ready to supply more or less of his products in response to the changes. in demand without a change in price. The producers can make

maximum profit from sales and the cost of product will remain as low as possible. Finally, it can affect the quality of the product in order to acquire a greater, profit..