1966-04-03 — Page 10

第二第四第

日三十月三年半丙廢靈之

WAH KIU YAT PO

華僑教育

英中會試題預習專欄

歷史科

(十三)

[HISTORY (13) J

Answerg

YR Mr. WONG Man ivan

(23) Why was a revolution attempted in Russia in 1905? Why did it fail?

Was anything obtained from it?

ANS.

The occasion for the outbreak of the Revolution, of 190s waa

people the Russo-Japanese War, which began early in 1904. When the heard the news that Russia was being defeated by Japan, they became excited and indignant. They argued that Russia's disgraceful failure in t

in the war was a proof that reforms were needed. Many of the common people still hoped that the Czar would listen to their complaint and grant reforms of his own free will For example, in January, 1905, a priest by the name of Father Gapon led a great procession of workingmen to the Czar's palace carrying a petition which declared: "We are appressed, we are overburdened with work, we are abused, we are treated like slaves!" But when the crowd of unarmed workingmen gathered in front of the palace, they were shot down in cold blood by the Czar's troops. Five hundred were left dead and thousands wounded on the bloodstained snow. That wae the Czar's reply. As this occured on Sunday, 22nd January. it was memorized by the hussian people as the "Red Sundayu

After that a real revolution began. In the cities the working“ 'man declared a general strike. The Sovieta" of workingmen's

council, now made their appearence in t

in the great 2

and were especially powerful in Moscow and St.dustrial centres

Petersburg. Many 'people of the middle and professional classes -- lawyers, school.

masters, doctors joined the strike movement in the country, the peasants began to loot and burn the mansions of noblemen. The bourgeois canitalists likewise sent in petition for reform. The various oppressed nationalities, such as the Finns, Poles, etc. joined in the movement. All the revolutionary forces were in action The pattern of 1917 began to take shape.

The very weight of the movement against nim forced the Czar to make further concessions. In October, 1905, Czar Nicholas 11 issued a remarkable Manifesto, promising first, freedom of conscience, of speech, of assemblage, and of union: secondly, a dume (parliament), elected by all classes of the

no law was to be binding without the of people. In et suured, Russia would Be to be an autocracy and would become a constitutional monarchy. The October Manifesto satisfied the middle-class Liberale espe- cially the capitalists, but it failed to satisfy the revolutionary pessants, who wanted land, and the industrial workingmen, who wanted la democratic republic and socialist reforms. After Oct. 1905, the

workingsen and the peasants continued to struggle alone, and now thes were opposed not only by the Czar but also by the aristocracy, the icapitalists and

the

wealthy

classes generally. Consequently, the

Czar recovered his courage and allowed his officials to take\___ J vengeance on the revolutionists. Soldiers were sent to arreat the

By the beginning 'members of the Soviete of St. Petersburg and Moscow.

of 1906, the revolution had been suppressed and the revolutionary leaders were being executed or imprisoned or pent off to hard labour in Siberia.

Thus the revolution of 1905 came to an end without overthrowing 「the Cear or achieving the aims of the peasants and workingmen. Al that the people had to show for the Revolution was a promise, the (Czar*6 October Manifesto. And that soon broved to be a scrape ot !paper. ((24) State briefly the process of the Industrial Revolution.

The process of the Industrial Revolution may be outlined a ANS.

follows:-

Textile industry-

(a) New Inventions for or better cheaper cloth increased, it

was necessary to invent faster ways of spinning thread and

h had been made up to this time from wool; but now

weaving. C

Cloth was in spinning and wea

cotton from

ving cotton that the first great inventions were made which revolutionized the textile industry. Cloth is made on a loom or frame on which the vertical threads (warp) are fixed. Through this warp, a shuttle (large needle) is thrown carrying horizontal threads (weft). Before this time two men were needed to work this shuttle; one threw it from right to left and the other threw it from left to right. Sometime

which, I means of springs, could be thrown from right to left and back again by one man. On account of this flying shuttle weaving

tunately, it now became

weever called John Kay invented the "flying smund 1740.0

became twice as fast. But for these faster looms.

difficult to get enough

#Then between 1764 arid 3767"another. weaver hamed james Hargreaves invented a machine which could make thread ten time faster than the old spinning wheel. Hargreave's invention became known as the "Spinning Janny". But as the weaving machine began to go faster master it was found that the cotton thread was not strong enough for the wars. Ther

Richard Arkwright in 1769 invented or improved a way ŋi

陛 by forcing the threads through rollers.

Oper strength sequino that they did not break

in the fact Looms, Hea

Framen because, instead offer machine was called the "kater)

it by hand, he had it

turned by a big wheel which was moved by the flow of water in a river. Ten years later about 1780, these two inventions were put together by a clever man called Samuel Crompton. He now had a machine which could produce very strong thread it was made up from two machines, it

very quick YaGoingmule being half horse and half

was called donkey.

About the time when Hargreaves was inventing his Spinning Jenny, James Watt. saw a very crude, steam engine which was used for pumping water. He was a maker of instruments in Glasgow University and

and realised at once that this machine could be much improved, At first his new steam engine would not work;

he made it so atrong that but gradually, by great patience, he

it could move any sort of machinery. It took the place of water power in driving the lodhs, and was used in almost all, the new factories and led to the invention of the mailway train and stea boat,

th] New Uses of fron and Coax

The Invention of machines and of an engine to drive then

may be regarded as one essential

al feature

of

the

Industrial

Revolution A second feature, closely connected with the] first, was the Increased use of coal and iron.

There was pic coal and iron under the northern part

of England; so the Industry flourished- When iron 1s dug out of the ground it is mixed with clay and stone. This is called iron ora. Then the iron is separated from the clay and stone by melting it in a very hot fire furnace) This process, is called "smelting". Before 1750 this smelting was done with charcoal which comes from wood. But so much wood was used that there was danger use its fumes. injured the of the supply running out

Coal could not be used at first

iron and made it break easily, Then it was found that, I most of the gas was driven out of the coal, a stuff called coke was produced. This was very good for smelting iron. Iron was now produced more cheaply and, as there was plenty of coal in England, there was no danger of the supply of cake running out. The greatest invention of the iron industry was that of pudding in 1785. It was round that if the soft iron in the furnace was kept moving by a spacial method it was produced in England on a large scale about 1800; but the method was unsatisfactory. About 1850, Sir Henry Bessemer

was much cheaper. He was acon:

invented a new method German and Martina Frenchman who

followed by Siemens, a

helped one another to invent another good method. The Bessemer and Siemen-Mart in processes greatly increased the production of steel and made it possible to build better machinery, bigger engines and more deadly weapons in the.

(c) Inventions of.

following Quicker Means of Transport:

With the increase in production and the consequent increase in trade, people wished for quicker means of transport. In 1825, George Stephenson made a locomotive “ which could haui a train. Ita speed was only 15 miles an t hour yet this was the beginning of the railroad system 'which) now covers e

ra every country of the world. Belgium had her first railroad in 1834, Prance in 1842 and Germany about the same time. Experiments were also made to drive ships by means of steam. In 1819, a ship, partly under steam and partly aalling, crossed the Atlantic. In 1857 the first crossing wholly under steam, was made in fifteen days. Improvements in communications came with the invention of the telegraph | in 184h by two Americans, Samuel Morse and Alfred Vally and. an Englishman, Charles Wheatstone. In 1866 the first - telegraphic cable connected England with America. · In 1876, 1 the telephone was invented by an American. Alexander Graham) Bell.

There had also been a great improvement in the syası8 ) of roads and canals. The first canal in England was constructed in 1761 and connected Worsley and Marichester. After this a whole system of canals spread throughout the country. Roads were improved by using the method introduced, by Macadam. He believed that hand-broken stones, pressed together to a certain depth; rolled and packed to a smooth, surface. The top of the road was slightly curved, and so water ran off it into gutters by the side.

Questions

(25) What powers belonged to the triple alliance7 To the Triple

Entente? Explain how each of these international combinations was Parmed 126) Stats the causes ana regulds of une internationaı eriaaste of

1905, 1908-1909, 1911, and 1912-1913 respectively

熱心社團大力發動

捐助學童課本

五十餘單位响應此項運動大力推進 華民敎育兩司署亦派員參加及指導

祖积:亦力于支持,故對

工作,日成立者科教育研討,各種教學討 術文化之組織,本厩理事就任後積極開 之提高,以安定其生活更不诎餘力。

鹹香,成不必要之困速,日當爲之據力理商會 安福,以求公平解央,現已成立委員會 交猳知,抵筑外 ,疾病救助等福利事務,而對於敦師薪酬

锄,並诚至向教育當局提出商討成循法律國大學獎助學金 用金會組織外,並有職螗介紹,失業

坐的各國機器人 專門義務協助海外 一號大

製生物標本作示範 英繼布在英皇書院 石湖學校自然科教師

他們有更大求學機會。 而举痛支持此强磡的進行。 踮在本一四)月十八日會醶中始進行,聘網蓋心就會人士爲履祠,由各團體以时 官司,限成,洪范区合练政府设響之間助,目前已有五十餘個單位實此事, 捐助媒本運動的甘次轉育委員會橋,已於上週三在區區没判司署跟民政務司西區 起换衆而有質不起婚篇之困苦,如果此項置就能够变現,常會解决還匿概題不少,说, (特群)對於本港若干懟心幽微發動镀助學童踩本運動,就會人士頠煤注瓣,融 育界分表關籤。由於近年學校所用鋸本至落實,對多家境稍差之學生,住有過交得,瓦等三百餘人。七時起,由該會錯府核主,音樂,太極班率或球望緣色,而活動方面

·捐助森本粥碗,杀由港九街坊會,她部會,同鄉會聯合所發起,並採取民政務司發亮可境,并由會長李思於致飛迎降,擁有日貴寬敞宏大之會所,設有圖書館 「沈無求戒,吸收新會員共一百 」。至於推聚各工作小組委員,成立工作小線藝節,欧日由於時間關係,你未盡定一本月底止,將來各险几徵求會員人數鋆】育系,六月中在中文大學教育學院,七月標本製作示範」,當天由该校理學會主席驗氷缅君向該模阿槼待 二十六人,現全都會機涉五千餘人,因是會之力量」。 「百人,個人達五十人者,均由會政汜念,開桧柏立基師宽將作同之沉云。 【业絰告例求會員運躪裁步成敬。據牌;此,增股會員聯誼部,他會局獲得休甜之產 优選蒞臨,八時卅分敘。大會由速摸委會身餐舞會等。(四)會所之說備,會

·劉索琦,謝秉鈞,故燈變,謝寶礦及會論,書法,中醫葯,免術, 按交際舞會,八時十五分,教育司簡乃傑,每月有聯貫帷會,澳門旅行及大與模之 希望各位將來執政加入爲會驚,以增進 仍感短促,故决定燕鸥至聞李氏將於明(四)日在香港大學教,於卅一日,特應英黈習院爭學會鍌憾,郝該校作「創旌物反路中 特別介紹「家送的邪物」及「鳥類的欣賞」等有關日, 金牌獎,而她的影璞雠能合科學估識節目中,英君亦會多大跟破 【卷首次「百鳥民」,英君氛變牠世之轳「天堂鳥」:一 媒本之被作,尤擒凍亞,一九六五年 大埔松仙號之香 木乃伊及尾虫各重槱本之製作示範。英君對生物學科尚有研究, 個分解程序,越成一,奕奕如生之標本,次食積物之發想, 別介紹,全堂皆消,示範開始,由类独投用媺堡天蝰院即诺分六 參主任及遠東,元增大宮醫院,德文,生物学大授英蕃布生 石湖公立學校自然科敎師,香港愛好造眏務實問,桑研究

何氏宗親會健[佈致絡訊 激師會乃全港致師唯一之職 再切合做保證許乃傑夫人發發各項獎品,教育司鶻源 同事食蛋镐余鑑明,艾風與局及祗树夠等揖緻,隨 外嶭可經台阿公 斌本語夫人主持抽獎,獎品由人人衷局墾 *香港仔 三名義伯盈(一台三人)。大由教育和 對本港敦宵海岛灯之

私立前三名之優牌獎,計第一名周日一四 和鹰主任,該由教育司除乃傑挪威嘉大,求運動服

海外留學服務社

編印留學生手册

"教育

消息刊在

第四張第

貢

源近進行精印「留學作用,各國風俗習

【赴海外深造同學 海外留學服務社 國敎育制度,留學預闫疝作用,其神態活現。當天以平,由以授同系的饼刷大茶。 成香禟常見的蛇類似本甚多,采儿涇戲,架設,均黹巧實,而 學屣娛镤性之演講。一九六五年新界出成質學校操位,夾有停叫

|西河堂慈林子號,珮氏宗親會關 學稔車結領用,以帶助他們解决水母所否之阙本間題。不過攝醤而散片) 七無同鄉會李模南 原星橫街坊會產乃由 玄方面人士稱,携助跺本運弟之工作,將一俠小組委員會短成後,即寶損度,明先生薮象巴忿品。發後,由融有變性格瑞爾今年出園深社 ,露寡得大批現行中小學之訴臺段本,但今秋各校時跟年我讲师,是衡筵開三十桌,氣氛烈的同级 長分別向师樂夫人,书籍夫人及余點向出版,將免費過

中學 爆

午九尙牛,紮两校

四日聯合码十二 信義小段,本月 「慕徧中學」及「造

如果行海鬼・削除於好 醢運動永概在全港各界人士捐附在 華事件重大,各虿工作之推動你?疆各有關方面之大力支持,始能服利地

信義

常讀書生活,留

港青

櫻袖訓練

如何造出

覽展績成及目節藝游辦舉

小季」及附属幼

「理化實推」並做

獲教育司及

周年

將設學校聘專材按步推進工作 利處長支持

仙樂飄飄 歌唱比賽

昨下午在大會堂舉行

校慶

七時半,放映電影

· 蛮牛物幻撥片。

分析至洁并整

IC)本港知名人士蘇姬在本湘設立青年領袖訓導學校,勿已引起就各人 並獲得若干大規模工舟滑排支持,政府當局對是項計約朗格與短,有

上述两位政府官之表示

之戶外學校,係由道

段之研究 促成国所,主唏傳利沙,伍伯就發育。一河號》

學校之建立。」

參絆,提供其豐富

品作,包括校透地址一可能在西

佻皮蓋會所主辦,創

•府已經極力支持在淇力面有查實實縈的團 步發展所有青年工作, 協助我們

戲院舉行,决赛及頒类財在本月中 文幫武揚出。昨日參加約共有二十五個單位,針,中西英文界

參加者有中英文學校廿五單位 十個單位,分昨今两天舉行初资,複賽將于本月十七日,假星;幼稚爾及中學。「慕德中學」且已參加 由铁常基校音樂協會主辦的「而坐夏夏處克開唱歌此,跟具規摸。最早只有三十二名平案,現 感,很大會堂舉行。這次參加的针有港九各學校師。增至十綠名學生。憑單只有小學,其後增 日下午七時十五分,假的

培鲹傑出人材。

作爲期一月之辞,且是在

員等,預料在不久師可以

一來成的,故生活相當

立一種堅信與應付生活之能力。 心在跳程請費,每一擊量都經受到 亦甚高。在整體過程中,當時爲陶冶

南

港教師會聯歡餐舞會

徵求會員達美滿成績

教育司讚揚會務發展

本年工作中心力爭敎師四項福利

舞會,蒞會者有激管道饰方

部恩,邱梅濟,會幹加,其市府优 棠明伉園,和签优

8 任古施理事委贛江友松,斯

·南沙梭院,聖保綠院,頓斯中學等。 昨天担任粹判的有教育司署高級政府官,香港學校音鸟班

极,拔萃女雲院,協恩女子中學,香港裡那利雄路外,有的要

、

佈頒昨試中升

「慕德中學」之實臆童股源兒帶,比

大將支預報成之成品示範,有一

學找考「中文大學」全部錄取,且 配學位。此資殮足證明籍购敎育之成就 百次會考成统百分之八十三。去業位 三次會老,爲該村爱早安加會考之中學

試場

須知

試卷上

於日前飛出,現將老生須知及世

下月四日入星期三心舉行,

以核

版進入試場。

並不得供帶任何書籍,

C三各題答案:

偉文具,在任何試卷止,

〔四考生必须在試卷上,

熱不得唐姓名成校名。

常間答比價

李求恩中

行從第一此安,电鹞校交易,

上所航者相符合,並須用其所選定之語文作答 算術科弑雅之語文、中文算術英文算術),基否與其「考試證實:

報名參加者黃爲理,

觀,讓校各班學生。

恩海書院日生

915未再監考黃許可,考生不得翻開試卷,

乙飩场規則: (一) 考生斜激照試卷前頁所列之各項揭

中學時報到及食品之證件,因此,考生於感老後,必須小心保留生境加不少智案。

壓得考與升學時,其「考試證」將作爲被派往 益智玩具,

任何一項情形,應該核對車速,立即起立,以便症老黄予以

肥号,二,如何提煉白花油,三、如何

司公限有行生耀

四一五四〇十、話頭、辣二十至十二道皇英

器電庭家廠名。機衣洗動自。機視電欸新

讓選觀參迎歡・應供貨新備常,品佳禮送界各

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