1965-01-03 — Page 11

寶殺備塞

百三第三缎

日一初月二十年機甲麼團

WAH KIU YAT PO

一九六五試題預習軍興

題預習

欄

歷史科

(四)

黃文謙

地理科

(四)

劉玉領。

History?

By Mr. HONG Man

GENCEAPIL

CHERS7

[(5) How did Hung Siu-chuan establish his Shang-Ti-Hul' and Taloina Tian'

Kuo ?

مجھے

In the latter part of une ista century, the maling house of the] Ching Dynasty had been going downhill and rebellions upose both la the northwest and southwest of China. The most formidable one was] the Taiping rebellion.

Hung Hsiu-chuan, verwarus vecane unit isavor da kam asapunig).

He was of lowly Rebellion, was born in 1813 in a village near Canton. origin, being the son of a Hakka foxuery became a village teacher, As a youth, he devoted himself to study, and was ambitious to obtain the degree of bachelor of arts at the civil service examinations. He madÍ. three attempts to gain this honour, but in each was unsuccessful, Through chance contact with a Chinesa Protestant Christian, he had. come into the possession of pamphlats outlining the Christian faith. In them he thought he found the explanation of visions which had been kie in the course of a severe illness. He studied acre Christian tracts) and converted his own household to his views, and then his neighbours, and after a while a band of followers gathered about him, and an accociation was formed called the "Shane T1 Hui" that is, the socKESFI for the worship of the Almighty.

The new movement met with market store in one province of Kwangel, were, with closed zeal, idols were destroyed and temples razed to the ground. It early assumed political aspects and ambitions and a now? dynasty was declared, to be known as Taiping, or "Great Peace", and with Hung as the first Emperor Tiên wang, meaning Heavenly King.'

The armies of the Taiping Tien Kuo marched northward to the Lengt tzė Valley, Hunan and Hupai, He crossed the Tungeing Lake and passedf down the river until he came to Hankow, Hangang and iuchang, Theea cities were taken by storm and shortly afterwards Anking and Riukienɛr

In March 1853, the city of Nanking. was suffered the same fate. captured, and was selected as the site of the capital of the new · dynasty.

Shortly alter establishing nas capital, nung, ww now sabamou quĮ be the brother of Jesus Christ, published a book of Celestial Decress, purporting to be revelations from Cod. In these dacross, God is spokeni of as the Heavenly Father, and Christ as the Heavenly Brother.

At this time, the number of rebels had grown to 800,000 and was!

/ constantly on the increase, Four assistant "Wanga" or Kings were appointed to help in ruling the Empire and were called the Kings of the East. West. South and North..

(6), what was the project set by Kang Yu Wei in the Hundred Days Reforme?

inalyse the reasons of its failure.

ANS. The cutastrophes in foreign reiations which began in 1894 stirred

many of the Chinese to action, Numbers of far-seng Chinese were keenly? aware that the Occident could no longer be held at arm's length. If China were to maintain her political independence, she must eliminate. the corruption and inefficiency in her administration and take over same features of western civilization. Among these far-seeing: Chinsson Kang Yu Wei was the more prominent, Kang was a native of Kwangtung. Kis training was purely Chinose. With that background, however, haj was a man of undoubted ability and strong personality. The young Emperor Xuang Hsu was eager to carry out the reforms suggested by thy ardent and radical patriot, and began to lasua a series of reform

dicts on 23rd Apr11, 1893.

According to this reform wuauwa, dan wjavom OF GAVLI Bervices examination was to be completely changed; there wan to be a completa reorganization of the government -- now boards being established, and those that were useless being abolished; colleges and technical schoolät for the advancement of aclentific knowledge were to be openedy police system, military and navy refom, railway building ware to be encouraged?

The Kuang Hau Emperor was not the man to carry through successfully even the first stage of a revolution, He was intelligent, but he had. no direct knowledge of the world outside the palace, he was unskilled in administration, he was lacking In vigour in both character and body, and he had been rsared under the shadow of the domineering and foraafull Tan Hai. Most of his advisors, including the one on whom ne placed chief reliance, Kang Yu-wei, were quite unschooled in statecraft. He and they could scarcely be expected to ride out the inevitable storm.

Dissatisfaction with the young Emperor's adicts was great anong jane' influential classes. Added to the sattled dislike of change that is usually characteristic of those who profit by the social order of

kha alarm of those whose livelihood wa} which they are a part was threatharied.

The antagoniLINE WAR ELTO powwsasza wrappuram akcia - SWEETDILIP by no Leas 1a person than Tau H1, The Express semed blind to the significanes of

the forces in the Western world which were lapinging upon China. inatural in one who had suffered from them in her young womanhood in the war with Great Britain and France, she disliked Occidentals and things! |foreign. She believed that the Chinese Empire and Chinese socists could) [be conserved without basic adjustments.(37)

The Emperor, aware of the attitude oAVENS ZIUA BIEN MORE HAREKIN KARO ? [notempted to forestall interference by her. In this, be trusted the

official to whom he committed the taak, Yuan Shih-kai who betrayed blu at length. Thus goaded, the Empress. Dowager acted promptly. She suddenly and dramatically resumed control of the government, The Paperon was constrained to sign an sdiet saying that he had abdicated, and had · fanked the Express to assume the burdens which she bad earlier. laid dond land that she had graciously consented.

Most of the reform adicts of the door verw¬SIKALLWOFgroom wy [the reformers were executed. Others, including Kang Yurumi and Liang) ichi-tsio, took refuge abroad.

* The new regins was put in pravvacy or ejem spese agro,"mu, ondeg on 22nd September of the same year. Ailence, it was also dalled "Hundred

·Dars. Reform, S

movement?

(8)Write short notes on the followingt=

(a) Ever Victorious army/

(b) Anaon Burlingeme

(c) apress Dowager

1965虍中文中會試額預習專欄

歷史科

(四)

何炳文 正:上(三)期末行,趙高、李斯爐治港扶蘇,立胡,是為二世皇帝。蒜糖超高、李斯爌

上期刊出第二資案胡的預習試題,答案如下: A.試樂帝國統一活。

公元數二四六年,秦王政位,你做十三歲。晚報由太博及呂不章把持,太后願意不素的變 姬傳親政的父親實際上是不常,但確無法證實。自莊長王死,太后與不常人搬演歌。及秦王政 【精瘦,不常恐怕追和太后的寒發過,於類介嬸與太私,後爲人告發,公元前二三八年1月

儲於成線發動機,秦王,我奪回太后及不準手中的政權,開始昕謀大國。

公元二三〇年,確滅。不少力弱,且接棄境,故首先秦所帶。

公元前二二八年,棄波越,煙公子亦代,自立篇代王。

公元二二七年,燕太子丹遞訊詞刺秦王,不中,秦代表,表『太子丹以附弈。

公元的一二五年,王寶謢樂望,攻破大無,越亡可

·公元的二二四年,李信兵攻麵,楚所敗,改派司六十萬人一帶,都心豬環素。 公元二二三年,王康楚。

公元前二二二年,王貨入遼東,被燕及代

公元前二二一年,王寶賴兵得非南下,攻入臨淵病•

大國既诚,秦統一天下的大弟,至此定成

B.何以秦能消滅六?

秦王政能統中國,主要限因有三:

1.

公用商鞅行變法,我剛軍功,國力富厚...

2+辜森處西方,有被雨之間,地位粉要,可以攻,退可以守

3.乘打破狹錢的國界觀念,在用客卿,人守特多燕如液鞅術人,跟體、范雖發人,不幸韓人

4.勒網紛亂,民生固善,形成渴望統一的思標。

5.六國不能團結以抗素、韓、趙、魏時起跳,楚國親親窾政策不定,燕坐魏三惛滅亡不 救,是平之職,诸侯不及時救,至是亦能力抗爽。

C.咸道殡代封建行郡縣。

郡縣制度,萬國時若干地方已見實施,但完封制度的確立,是以無為始

大批戰國時代,對建、郡蘇排行。楽一天下,如何抉擇,成爲爭論。丞相王類,博士淳于越主生 張行封建,而延时李斯力主行郭縣•而始皇帝以篇封建制度,爲戰國的亂源,爲了新帝國的和不安 定,所以決定採行都竊制度。且戰國時代,黨政擢已非全由公族把持,統一大棠,艾得東方平民的 「幫助,情勢使然,當然不能再行封建制度及

公元二二一年,把全微分餘三十六郡,直難中央,其下投料。當時頑固港古學者以為 網 古利,必不能長治而安,靈起反對。公元前二一三年,始皇帝下禁賽令;4年,统籐生四百六十 「人,自再無人改認封建制定。

又公元前二一四年,派兵不是南北,看設五都,共為四十一郡 •

D.寒代中央政府與地方政府的組織如何?!

始皇帝把封藏分搬攷用郵繇集於一身,瓣雖然一人獨章,但還保留封建時代的焦距制度。 中央政府黏丞相處辦全國政務,御史大夫軍監察,太尉靠軍事,但并非後日的三權分立制、

周白

Exölain geogriphically

ruo_heir 50 million, deputat:ton:].

Meczoreman sava are mainly a riculturalamps Tine island is one of the most densely populated rural countries in the world. (density over 1000 per sq. mile). This may be explained by the.. suitability of areas for cltivation which is to a great extent controlled by relief and climate. The presence of a rich alluvial. northern plain, valassio soils of great fertility, and the absencel or extensive awamps and denue equatorial juncies offer good

opportunities for intensive: cultivation. Most of the people wayuiwa directly on the land for their living so that the population is idensely distributed in villages throughout the fertile land. Howevery there are several important towns and ports, such as Djakarta and~*** Surabaya, which carry, considerable urban population./

in Java, targing ::18: very. Intensive, AS 1 1"180king in valuable) (minerale, the Javanese concentrate on the farming of tropical crops.

Subsistence Carming and smallholder cultivation for food and cash 'crops zake "intensive use of the land. The importance of smallḥaldersy in Java in illustrated by the estimate that more than 20 million

acres, compared with the 1.4 million acres used for plantation 4 agriculture, are cultivated by smallholders. The Javaness seslinoidere ETOW a wide variety of food crops; planting cash crops sice by elde with the own food crops. The main crop is rice, which is the mainl Food or the people.r

The methode of agriculture practised in Jave contribute partly to) the dense rural population. Irrigated rice culture has its highest development in Java. Largo Irrigation schemes and terracing add to the producitivity of the cultivated lands. By means of doublecropping" end rotation.of. drops heiyueld of farmlande is on the Increase, This, method of cultivation is known as oriental subsistence tillage, it requires a great deal of labour, and whenever it occurs poculation is densely distributed. The farms are small, only about two or three screa and are carefully cultivated with much hard labour and little or no machinery, Implements are primitive as there are no distinct seasons. in this area crops ripen and are planted at all times of the year. AfterĘ the rice is harvested other drops such as maize, cassava, sweet potatoes peanuts and soya beans are blanted/

Commercial crops such as sugar cane, coffee, coconuts, tea and rubber, fare raised on large estates. Production depends on foreign capital,

scientific knowledge and usually cheap native labour. Formerly practavkazy all plantations were foreign owned but now some natives are acutally owning and working small plantations. This is a step ahead in commercam agriculture, of the plantation crops, sugar cane is grown exclusively on the plains of central and eastern Java, rubber on the western and eastern portions of the island between 500 and 1500, tea mainly on the terraced hill slopes between 1,000 and 4,500 feet above sea-level. The screage of rabber and cinchong has shows very large increase in recent years while tobacco and "rocos are other eGPURA

Modarn industry 18 relatively undeveloped Java, but oottage nativa] industries are widespread and include bakery, copper, work, and the making of the famous batik cloth. The production of oil en mangenese oras only plays a very small part in the inland's economy

DISTRIBUTION GODE LIMBJOR TE CROPS,

Coffee

Bescribe the build, ellate, natural vegetation and human activitie both subsistance and CudaTrea. "OʻS

Builde For the most part Malays, ie hilly or mountainous with Text tracts of flat ground, the main mountain divice lies near the west) coast, several parts of it rising to over 7,0001. The mountainous backbone of the peninsula consists of a series of roughly parallel] ridges, concordent with the coasts. To the west of the main divide the country is undulating, fertile and extensively developed, though, to the east it is a mane of wild forested upland with little economic development.

Climate: The contral and lower part of the Malay Peninsula is any equatorial region. To the north it merges into monsoon areas. Malaya) has a heavy rainfall and à l'airly uniform temperature throughout the year. The principal feature of the climate is not the great but the extraordinary monotony of the temperature and rainfall throughout the year. A great deal of the rainfall is either convectional or orographic, Host of Halaya's rain is in the form of very heavy store The seat coast feels the effects of the strong and story northe pasterly winds from Detcher to March. The south-westerly winds aro September ara lesa violent but they too bring fairly heavy amounts of rainfall to the western coast, despite the fact that Malaya se in the partial rain shadow of the Sumatran pountains. Only a small

altitude and cool mena of reaperaturo la experienced, broszon at sig selve ride to

RATING SYSIQUES ZOTYSTIO" Natural vegetation o¬malaya:za¬dons?

green equatorial forest, extending from ses level to the tops or the highest ranges. The forest, 18 a heterogeneous mass of vegetation, with many tree species. Below the canopy is a lower storey of beaboo) canes and climbers: Along the flat coastlands, are huge mangrove DN swamps and on the sandy strands of the east comutare_narrow_banoB_OBJ česuarjana, tre# #

因為政權實際只於皇帝一人之手,三者只受皇帝委任處各政,他們的任冤,都由皇帝來決定。 且丞相居首,御史大夫和太仅(丞相的树助。再下設「啊」,重要的及其職體如下:

奉常離宗與能務。您中今宮門戶。衛時常宮門屯衡兵。刷控沉法。內史掌除京師。治果 內史我黎囉財。與客體結夷。宗正孝宗室事務。太笨皇室奧。少府黨山地海邊之稅,以供 奉血樹。消作少府掌宮室之興建。

∴地方政府設都無兩及制,皆派官。部的最高長官為郡守,其下設都法,然全都行政,為業 兵役及軍訓時事,此外中央侍御史野各;監察施政情形,監察御史,但不常釁。新的人口在真: 戶以上的,其長官稱縣令~不滿風門的精縣長。会照以下有丞时,分為軍中

飄以下的地方行政組織是鄉·

三代然至戰國末期,所讚中國的版圖,是沒有明確的界民。至樂併六國,統一天下,分鐡三十 六郡,大致純華中文化城及的廃被之內。

照公元前二一叫住,命變活北落匈奴·匈奴卽用之靈,商之鬼方,覆族非常複雜,原居黃河 以北,常盛瀑境。俄國末期,燕、皆體梨奏,奈亦次吞併六,無暇照及匈奴,两蔘地方 鐡其所佔,茶凍裝苦做三十萬大軍,北部匈奴,收復河套地方,設九原郡。

又先後於公元前二二一年,一一四年,兩次派兵平定百塊,分其地爲南盜(閩東)、桂林(廣 頭)、兼郡(起湖北)、關中《》四郡,遗大軍五十萬戍守。

亜於業的版型,給後世登出一個比较明時的界後,東至海,南至今越南北部,西到今四川、甘 齋、北茶洵套、遼。

F.其帝野長城、齄道、及其他工作。 戰國時期,禁、燕、趙的北坡,皆築長城以抵架的奴,及恬收復河套地方,要

加以修 還合為一,東起遼東郡的碣石(在海岸,朝鮮境),谁的蹓狗(甘肅岷痛),即所 譚萬里長城,以防冠息

艾松案交潘全國的仙造,以啟勝篇中心,分開兩幹機。其一東燕、齊,其、南至真、楚,還 寬五十步,如滿三丈,推罌一株,又以審為路基,其壯麗可見。又有直道,隱孺,皆在便於蟲 帝的巡狩。始皇帝會五次巡行天下,以能夠官吏的好學。

三此外,替皇帝時,統一法民、車熟、悲、錢、衡、文字,皆統一於同一般準之下,又注意民開 風俗的能饵,推出尙孝電費,收全國兵器,幾爲十二金(鈣)人,爲总戰弭兵的措施。艾建設成關 ,使成為全國政治、經濟、文化的中心。

NG.拭沈寒的滅亡。

她嶷帝三十七年(公元前二一○年)七月,在方巡行,到了平原津(山東平原務),發起捫 來,太子扶繇,為一仁厚長者,當始集帝坑體,扶帶力,被婷皇帝透到北鐵去店鬱軍,只有少 子胡亥相簿。李沁邱(河北平鄉縣)病篇,乃番渣詔,令扶起咸陽卽位及崩,中軍府令趙高因 與禁活有隙,恐扶卽位,蒙恬對已不利。而丞相李斯,亦恐扶蘇承用蒙恬而奪已撥位。於是二人 合蹀度了始皇帝給扶蘇嗣位的翻碼,改換蘇死,立胡爲二皇帝。

·胡亥部位時于二十一歲,是一個沒有關撼和經稅的少年,趙高以計製殺李斯、大臣及諾瓜子,自 爲目,执制二,把持政權,「指鹿為馬」的故事可以想亮点

∴ 從此案方兵起,二世元年(公元前二〇九年)七日,陳勝、臭皮凉做九百成帶起於聯絡(快 宿厤),自立儒楚王,國號碼楚(大雄)。一路各地衛傑及六國貴族之後紛起呐應,其中兵力胶强 者如下:

烛之武臣,武臣死,張耳、陳餘立性欲爲糖玉*

為之田官立為齊王:

納入蜀邦自立爲洗公

聼于成藥之助,自立慧真玉 •

項藥爲將項燕子,因澳人真侄羽(籍)避輕於會館,及陳勝起謀,乘時會稽守,藥自帶

日期

「假九龍 城 會舉行 期培正中農三校,均爲爲聯絡三校同學及東婦鼷利會. 一ㄢ,培道女子中學及信會聯會助濆部。(法), [J氆中|教育界及各家長蠶誌敝,時嵒艾有一帶 辦,成讀冊費,向獲「地正、培道、顧理: 〔國際胜) 東區 期稿爲爵。 編者 本倦基督緻渡伯會主玆起尾,每年均畢號 車縫剪 惠「生物科 J 四

傲視領導下亦有 |虹在体能名勇中荐 眴報名手貌。 無承浩先生:家

代郵

理辦交部

日三月一年五六九一曆公年四十五

陰中開

設

星際文

除:

彩虹村人口逾四萬衆

立,於去年九月初 行中,有一間將於 除已有波會小學一內部裝修工作,在進台 停內學庶述途上區, 承租,轉設幼稚園, 序爲:上午舉行崇拜初級两縛,每逢星期 ,巴緻四萬衆,爲兔 幼稚園者,已有人 城浸信會內舉行。丙 送導。牧砥分格校和

落成入伙,全部人口樓下鏟作聚室,開辦 假九龍亞皆老緝九龍 一碗程大过多座,早已 方面,月龍把定太眾多今會,於昨(二)日地础, 在該會會所 牛池濤彩虹邨贝贴之可開腿。同時,有顯現包壓五屈,第六届月四日開學, 上課 (中國)九照前落成,於九月開側,三校際合多令會, 唐新嘅, 探定於一 另有兩間中學在積極進行興建中華新年開始之時,擴 之人,爲社會人士表 許斑于一九六五

好女 利會爲加嫦

幼稚園多間將開課

日盘中,可於今年期短,但感們別。

一會及分組查經,中午一、三上午九诗第十 [午發聯誼。下午則爲二時,下午二時至五

三中學校在锁蔷進行风內年幼之兒童入學間尤以音樂會排出節目上课。李費俪月潮 合唱。在站正餵藥影機)參加學習,裝 薇女予中學朗誦,(北角英岛萬五〇1 中銀樂演奏, 可往東區婦女福利會 於群富,計有:培正常十元,時間任怒。

顯理培道培正

開聯合冬令會收費恩限外,取 電話七〇三七八九查

Human activitiesra.

Native cultivation:

In the interior of the peninsula are the very!

prlaitive Semang people who fish, hunt and collect forest procucts Nearer the coasts, the Malays cultivate subsistence crops to be consumed locally. They concentrate on the west coast valleys and? the east coast plain where rico can be grown. But Malaya has to import rice for home consumption. The food crops, such as rice unt Fruits and commercial vegetables are grown on smallholdings.

12. Plantation CULTIVATION: Plays exports 'one-third of the world's> rubber production. The rubber plantations in Malays are found on the lower hills and low ground of the west of the peninsula. The i forest is cleared and frequently, temporary cover crops are grown to protect the soil before the plantations are established, This product is raised on large estates, usually managed by Europeans} jor Americans. 011 palm plantations are commonly found in river: valleys and non-swampy coastal plains. Both palm oil and robber either in the form of late or rolled sheets, are exported, r Coconuts are grown on the sandy soils of the coastal distritong Gil obtained for copra is exported mainly in liquid form.

or the world's tin. Iney Sining Relays produces nearly "one-mara

richest deposits are found in the valleys of the west as alluvial deposits, Tin deposits are assoicated with the fringes of the central mountain ranges, Other valuable ores are gold, iron, coal and bauxite, The main mehtods of mining adopted are ahalt mining,l poonucast aining. and ulany washinsu

Fzanings:rian is the second staple food or most Halayans, hence: fish caught are distributed thoughout kalaya for home consumption Sea-fishing is within 20 miles of the Malacca Strait coast and the South China Sea coast, West coast fishing is more productive, because here the weather is less rough than on the east coast. Inland fishing is also carried on in the rivere, anals, lakes, endi even awamps of the Peninsula.“

3. Industries:"Malaya is essentially an agricultural country. Very many small and medium-sized industries, however, exist. These include handicrafts,, food and drink Industries, processing industries, engineering and other miscellaneous activitiası

"THE BUILD & WINDS CHIEFACROPS

Rabber

Describe the methods of land use practised on the alluviall

plains of the monsoon regions of Asia.

16. outline the industrial development of India, Explain why {ita}

progreso in this field is slow,"

,以爲神將。又以范增之師,立楚懷王於民間,以爲號召。

劉邦字等,沛(江蘇油縣)人,解決湾工榮耀,機務(原廠)逃亡案,乃蜜翻徽工 而爲送。及陳勝真起,吏付、曹金獲消合而傘裂邦爲準。

∴時秦軍多駐南北,中原空啦,敢力跟雄排起,秦將率領軍東向,先破張楚軍,陳勝發部所 梁,轉攻其樂,被變周秦軍所殺,再圍超歇之鉅鹿(河北本鄉)。

確保託死,其軍透屬項羽,银兵救起,解鉅距之謝,以跳天下 而劉邦亦限軍西攻關中,與那相約,先入關中者的關中之王。

二世三年(公元前二〇七年八月,邦入武關(陝西南躲床),九月入機(西蓝田縣東南 ) 十月入咸陽。

一,先是劉邦入武關時,趙高二世皇帝而立子,貶帝龇冩秦王。邦入咸陽,子嬰殺趙高,迎邦 於歌上(長安東亡。

(三)及三國(公元前二〇八年跟公元二六五年)

漢朝始高思劉邦,終於歌帝劉協,合照王莽,共四百二十五年。王莽之節長夾,稱為西溪 ,光武中興嘟洛,為東瘓。

旋很在位十二年,傳子型象,是豁孝裏帝,政禮由呂后把持。及其件平定,李文帝宣行休 養生息以治國,長帝因之,人民宮足,稱為「交之治」。武帝劉做,為帝建立年號之始。照 宣兩帝,是中國歷史上内民成功的時期。至元、成、哀、华及鵝獎,政局漸,必有王莽篡法。 改國號曰「新」。'

光武中興,其建漢記。但食藻的治世共知,大體質,光武、明帝、確帝三朝,政治透明~ 東漢線,此後即走上新亡的道路。黃巾起,加以內廷的鬥爭,薏岸因時亂改,曹板類骖興起。 李永慶獻帝,形成三國鼎立的局面。至公元二六五年,司炎尊號,二八〇年,中國復歸統一

本節預習試題:

A.楚漠之際,刻項鬥爭的經過如何?何以劉勝敗?把劉邦制作平民革命,是否恰當? B.試淡淡初的政治制度。

C.低流者事件。

D.簡派實說與錯的政治改革。

E,武漢武帝的交治武功及其士人政府 F.王莽何以能簋漢?......

G.王莽經濟改革的內容如何? H.王莽函制因何失敗?.. I.儲述王弄亡,光武中與·又光武 丁、試沙漠代宦官與外戚的紛爭 • K,武漢代對西北的經營 工,略睒秦潢學術的大概

M.漢代在史學上有何成就? N. 道教的興起與佛弱的傳人。

儒學,對後饵有何影响?

0.漢代官制、兵船、稅制及察畢制成,內容如 2.略逃東漢的社會概况。

Q.淡代何以

R.略爽脆期·袁卓、袁紹·曹操間的門舉

3.官渡之取與赤壁之戰的成敗如何?

T.簡述三國鼎立的局面。

1.魏胥遞应的超過如何?」

V.略遞銅蜀的興亡。

W.略述保奥的興亡

了