1964-03-13 — Page 15

WAH KIU YAT PO

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頁三張四第

日十三月正年宸甲腐夏

「升中指南」英文科教材

MANA, FI 40 S M BA

今日在麗的呼聲播出

時間:

上午十時啦

下午六時正

ENGLISH LESSON 36

ONE WORD FOR A PHRASE

"I shall see him before fong. à sua see um soon.

2) The ship went to the hottam. The ship sank.

3) He gives foot to the puppies. He feeds the puppies.)

4) They will come back soon. They will return soon.

$) She made up her mind to work Fard. She decided to work hard.

6) She puts something over the child. She covers the child.

7) He found at the truth. He discovered the truth.

(8) i go to the church two times in a weak. I wo to the church twice a week

عالم

one time once

three times thrice",

She does her work with care. She does her work carefully.

10) The ship came into sig. The ship appeared.

11) The top of the bous was broken.

12) Leave the room at ange,

The roof of the house was broken. Leave the room immediately.

13) The people who cannot see with their eyes need our help.

The blind people aced our help.

14) He cannot walk easily withour help. 15) He cannot speak,

He is lame,

He is dumb.

He is deaf.

His head is balt.1

I found an empty box.)

He enters the room.

16) He cannot bar with his cars. 17) His head has no bair at all.

18) The river is not deep.

The river is shallow.

19) I found a box with nothing in it.

1

20) He comes into the room.

21) The monkey went up the tree.

22) He did the work by himself.

The monkey climbed up the tree

He did the work alone.

23) Nobody likes him because he only thinks of himself.

Nobody likes him because he is solfish.

24) I shall see him the day after today.

the day before 10-day 25) John and his brother look the same.

John and his brother look a like.

26) They go on foar to school.

They walk to school,

I shall see him to-morrow

yesterday.

27) Most people like to eat the yellow part of the egg.

Most people like to eat the yolk.

The girl searches her pen.

She was almost late for school

He whispers to his friend He shouts to his friend.

28) The girl looks for her pen 29) She was very nearly late for school. 30) He speaks very softly to his friend. 31) He speaks very loudly to his friend

32) Mr. Chan went on a journey around the world.

Mr. Chan travelled around the world.

33) My mother cuts the cake into several parts.

My mother divides the cake.

34) He always tells the truth. He is honest."

35) I bought twelve eggs

36) is of no use.

It is useless

I bought a dozen eggs."

It is of great use.

The snake frightened me.!

It is useful

37) The snake made me afraid

39) The chidren put their money in a secret piace.

The children hide their money

39) The story comes to an end. the story ends.

This is my favourite book.]

40) This is the book that I like best. 41) The black substance in a pencil is poisonous,

The lead in a pencil is poisonous.

42) Hong Kong is a well known plare to all people.

Hong Kong is a famous place to all people

He has many books.'

43) He has a lot of books,

44) The mother looked after the child.

The mother nursed the child."

45) The swimmer went head first into the water.

The swimmer dived into the water.

Put in one word: (1961)

a. The price of the pencil wsa ten cents,

The pencil............... Ivan cents.

h. Meg wanted something to drink.

Meg was ..............

. Lury is on her knees.

Lucy is

d. Thar street is busier than all the other streets in the city.

; That street is the siree. in the city.

i

. Ken put the ball where no one could see it.

Ken ............... the ball,

EXERCISE 36'

1. Rewrite the following sentences, changing the words underlined into words that

have the same meaning: (1958)

a. The boy went up the tree.

b. The fire went on burning.

c. The man has planted a lot of frice.

d. He came to my house two times.

e. The kind woman looked after the sick girls.

f. He put on his clothes quickly.

g. The swimmer went head first into the water.

2. In each bracket underline the word which gives the right meaning:-(1961)

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(continued from the eighth issue )'

Question 13.

A black powder A is either charcoal, copper oxide or manganese dioxide; and a white powder B consist of either potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate of common salt. Describe fully the tests you would make in order to find out what A and B really are, and state how you would confirm the conclusions arrived at.

Answer.

a. The chief person on a ship is the (policeman/sailor/captain/fireman/teacher,

cook)

b. The first meal of the day is (supper/lunch/cinner/tea/breakfast/food)

An animal which carries goods across the sand is a (leopard/camel/wolf/

bear/ox/tiger),

', 'The top of a building is the (floor/ground/roof/bridge/ceiling/wall),

«. A poor man who asks for money or food is a (driver/gentleman/pedestrian/

beggar/person/workman),

3. Put # word in each blank. The word you write must be made from the word

on the left-

*. QUICK

The train went along very ............................ Elizabeth is a

girl.

He won a medal for his ......me f Ships

8. LOVE

*. BRAVE

d. ABLE

•. LONG

1) a. typewriter f. jockey

b. doctor

g. widow

(2) park (7) water b. strength

c. action

...... us to travel by sa. Can you tell me the .............. EXERCISE 34 Answers

c. orphan d. dinner h, hawker

i, florist (3) on

(4) alone. (B) pool (9) deep d. depth.

of this room?

*. guide j. dentist (5) field (10) motors #. heaviness,

2) (1) from

(6) Although

3) a. poverty

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First the black powder A is divided into three por. tione, and tests are applied as follows: (1) The first portion is boiled with dilute sul- phuric acid. Copper oxide usually gives a blue 201- ution according to the following reaction:

CuO + H2SO4 H2+ CuSO (Cu**ion is blue)

(11) The second portion is heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. If this is manganese dioxide, chlorine gas is evolved, which is recognized by its yellowish-green colour, its pungent odour, and its hleaching action on moist litmus paper.

Mnog 4HC1 +

MnCl2

+ 2H20

+ C12 (141) If the powder does not respond to the two tests describe above, then it must be charcoal, which can be confirmed by the following experiment:

The third portion of the powder is strongly heated in a combustion tube, through which dry oxy- gen gas is passed. The gaseous product is then next passed into line water. If the powder is charcoal, the lime water turns milky and on passing an excess of the gas the milkiness disappears,

C + 02 Carbon dioxide test.

Ca(OH)2

CO

+

COM

а

+ #20 cách,

The white powder B is also first divided into three portions and the following tests are applieds (1) For the first portion, either of the following.

two

teata can be made:

Concentrated sulphuric acid together with a few fragments of copper turnings is added to the powder, On heating, dark brown nitrogen peroxide fumes are avolved if a nitrate is present.

Cu

KNO, + H2SOL

4HNO3 Cu(NO3)

3

KHSO4 + HNO + 2NO

+

2H20

Or by the brown ring test, the powder is first dissolved in water, and a freshly prepared solution ferrous sulphate is added. The test-tube 18 held

in a slanting position, and concentrated sulphurio acid is then slowly poured down the side. The pre- sence of a nitrate is indicated by the appearance of a brown ring formed at the junction of the two. liquids.

ww

6FOSO,

KNU3 + H2S04

2HNO3

3H2S04 FeSO4

=

KHSO4 + ANO 3

+

NO T

+

3F02 (504)3 + 4H2u +2NO ((ii) The second portion is dissolved in water

FeSONO (brown ring}

and and silver nitrate solution is added. If common salt is present, a white, curdy precipitate of silver chloride appears, which is insoluble in nitric acid, but readily soluble in ammonia water.

Z

NaNO3 + AgCI

NaCl AgNO3 (iii) If the white powder B does not respond to two teats given above, then it cannot be anything but potassium chlorate, which is confirmed by the following test:

the

(b) Carbon

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monoxide burns with a blue flame to duce carbon dioxide, which, on passing to lime

will turn it milky. But hydrogen burns with

most colourless flame to form water vapour. whit

on condensing will cause the formation of blue

tals with white anhydrous copper sulphate.

(c) Nitre is potassium nitrate, whose test has ready explained under Question 13.

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Common salt is sodium chloride, which can tested by silver nitrate solution as has been) plained under Question 13. But another test f chloride is to add concentrated sulphuric acid manganese dioxide to the suspected salt, After ing, the presence of a chloride is indicated by svolution of chlorine gas,,which bleaches moist

(d) A little water is added separately to the lime and to the slaked lime.

Nothing happens with the slaked lime. But 14 case of quick-lime, heat is developed, some st given off the lime cracks and puffs up and fit crumbles down to a powder.

mus paper.

Question 16.

How would you show that'

b

sulphur dioxide is an acidic ‘oxide, magnesium oxide la a basic oxide,

(c) zinc oxide is both basic and acidic (ampho How would you obtain:

d

sulphur dioxide from calcium sulphite,

G magnesium oxide from magnesium nitrate: (f) zinc oxide from zinc chloride?

Answer.

The normal test for a chlorate is to decompose the salt by heating into oxygen and a chloride of the metal and then the chloride is confirmed by the usual silver nitrate test. Such test cannot be appli- ed in the present case on account of the presence of common salt in the mixture.

The only test left is to add concentrated sul- phuric acid to the third portion of the dry powder 8. If a chlorate is present, a yellowish-green gas, chlorine dioxide, C10, is liberated which crackles explosively on warming.

KC103 + H2SO4

3HCLOA HG10

= KHSO + H0103 2010, + H2O

Question 14.

Explain the experiments by which you would distin- guish between the following pairs of substances: (a) Ferric and ferrous chlorides, (b) Hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (c) common salt and nitre, (d) quicklime and slaked lime.

Answer.

(a) Caustic soda aolution is 'added to separately to the two test-tubes containing the two chlorides of iron, The ferrous calt will give a dirty-green, gelatinous, precipitate of ferrous hydroxide,

+ ...

FaCl2 2NaOH

Fe(OH)2 + 2NaC1

The ferrio salt will give a reddish brown, precipi-] tate of ferric hydroxide.

FeCl2

I

3NaOH

Fe(OH), ± 3NaCl

Wi

(a) An acidic oxide is an oxide which reacts

alkalis to form a salt and water only and, if ble in water, forms an acid with awter.

Sulphur dioxide is a colourless, pungent gast Some distilled water is poured into a jar fillers fought again

with the gas, and, after shaking, iitmus paper dipped into the liquid.

Blue litmus paper turn red, showing that water and sulphur dioxide havi

reacted with each other to form an acid:

SO2. +

20

www

SO, (sulphurous Sulphur dioxide also reacts with sodium hydro to form a salt (sodium sulphite) and water!

2

502

+

2NaOH

*

Na2SO

+

120 Sulphur dioxide is therefore an acidic oxide. (b) A basic oxide is an oxide which reacts, with,

to form a salt and water only and which. if in water, forms with water an alkali.

Magnesium oxide is a white powder, If disti water is added, a suspension is formed, called of magnesia, This is tested with litmus paper Litmus paper turns blue, proving that some magnésium oxide has reacted with the water to an alkali, magnesium hydroxider

Mgo +

H2D

B

Mg(OH)2

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More important is that magnesium oxide reacts acids to form salt and water only:

Ngo + 2HC1 24

MgCl2 #20

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a basic oxidi

M gnesium oxide therefore is a basic oxide. (c) An amphoteric oxide is an oxide which react

an acidic oxide with a base and as with an acid.

an

Zinc oxide, a white powder, 18 insoLUDLO but if dilute hydrochloric acid and caustic solution are added to separate portions of the colourless solutions are formed in both cases oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to. zinc chloride and water and thus behaves as oxide:

H20

Zn0 + 2401 =

ZnCl2

+

a

With sodium hydroxide, however, it reacts as a acidic oxide and forms sodium zincate and water!

Zno + 2NaOH

Na, 2002

you

H20

Zinc oxide is therefore both basic and weidio, amphoterio.

N

roun

d) Sulphur dioxide may be obtailed by warming sulphite with dilute hydrochloric acid in a bottomed flask. The sulphurous acid formed by

de

ble decomposition is decomposed by the heat inte water and sulphur dioxide. The gas given off 193

passed through concentrated sulphuric acid to and collected by displacing air upwards.

*.

Na,503 2HC1 H2S03

=

2NaC1

+ H2SO

H20

+ SO2

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(e) Magnesium oxide or magnesia is made by heati magnesium nitrate, a white deliquescent solids trogen peroxide and oxygen are given off, and * white powder, magnesium oxide, remains:

2MgC 2Mg(NO3)2

+

+ NO (f) Zinc chloride, a white doliquescent solid,

Ammonium hydroxide is addedi and a white flocculent precipitate of zinc hydro

dissolved in water.

xide is formed;

ZnCl2 + 2NH2OH

Zn(OH)2

+2NH

Dow

This is

used

The precipitate is filtered off, washed and ly heated. Water is given off and a yellow is left, which turns white when cool.

oxide, also called zino white, as it 19 white pigment.

Zn(OH)2

Zn0

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本?

XI

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出

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