1950-04-22 — Page 9

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1950.

TIMEKEEPER_HERBERT":

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HOW OUR GREAT INSTITUTIONS ARE CONDUCTED -7HE HOUSE OF COMMU

P

World Coppstolt. #y arrangement with Dany Bereld

Chekhov Moved To Louisiana

By Jack Gaver

with

TF "The Wisterin Trees" and therefore it suffers by

has any success at all comparison. with the public, it must be on the popularity of its atar, Helen Hayes, and not from any merit in the script, which is Joshun Logau's re write of Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" in Ameri- cnn terms.

But comparison Chekhov, which must irk Logan although he trought it on himself-s not the prime consideration in this case. The fact is that this is just another play about the decline of the Old South and its mores, and it is far from being the its kind. There best of have been many such

Logan, who also served the play as co-producer with Leland Hayward and as director, has turned out a paraphrase of the Russian dramas, and Lillian Hellman, original which substitutes to name a prominent and the decadent landed gentry recent tiller of this field, of the Old South at the end has turned out a couple of of the last century for that plays

that make "The

of Old Russia. The transi- Wisteria Trees" seem like a

| Lion is not a happy one.

childish exercise. Thero are some others.

Orchard." She

The mood that Chekhov maintained in the static drama of decay among the privileged is the all essential Miss Hayes, of course, has the quality of "The Cherry Or- role that is equivalent to that of chard." Logan bus not Madune Banevaly of "The been able to achieve this Cherry effect except for brief flashes Louisiana woman of gentle birth and landed family who returna in "The Wisteria Trees,"

te her rundown estate after a five-year sojourn in Paris with [R=10-account, lover. Efforts of an une puth newly-rich offspring of poor whites to make a com- mercial effort to rave their acres fall, and the upstart buys The place himself, Be pra- poses marriage to the woman lo keep the plantation in the family but he turns him down to re- turn to her lover in Paris.

HOW MAN IS BEATING THE MICROBES

ROBABLY

man in

not one thousand

fully appreciates the almost miraculous recent au- vances in the conquest of disease.

Diseases may be classific into two main divisions--- those such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc., due to microbes, and those due to functional metabolic changes in the body, such. as scurvy and diabetes, due often to diet or body de- ficiencies.

or

In 1903 the German selenat Ehrlich zugested that chemicals introduced into the body night be able to kill the pathogenle

Kanizs without harming the host.

Thin led to the treatment of syphilis

rerinu y

ar.nical He noticed that the colonies which in of mould were: the entres of

completely free caused by one of the relatively areas large

years were to

from

Sir Alexander Fleming. discoverer of penicilin.

mt deduced microb. A farther 30 bacterial growth,

that these pleks of mould unknown among the sulfa drus pass, however, must be producing come rub- Fortunately, these, alarms have before infections due to the #lance That Wa preventing been largely stilled, and penicil smaller organismus, bacteria multiplication of the Lacteria. lin is recognised as the most

powerful therapeutic them. among

were brought within the rates of such trat- ment.

Fleming did actually examine the world has known. crude polutions of this 1 that

mould substance, but it proved Even ED, pentellin,

wenpan

Mirs Hayes is effective in several scener, notably when the

Another antibiotic, chloromy- Another limitation holds the tells of her rumantle past and retin, was isolated in 1947 from more immediate interest. Only when she entertains some chil- a mould

culture brought from minute quantities of cortisone dren with an old misery song. Venezuela, It is colourless are available as, at the moment, crystalline ubstance that can the known sources for its pre-At other times, the seems to be be taken by mouth, and is paration, of which ox-bile is just too, too precious and a good phenomenally effective against the best, exist only in meagre candidate for epkling directorlał the "germs" that catse typhis, quantity.

hand-United Press. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and typhoid fever.

The pressing need for other more available sources, possibly With the commercial expert to be found in the vegetable | encé of penicillin in mind, it 19 kingdom, is leading to interna- Ironical that after millions of tional co-operation reminiscent dollars hod been spent on of the warlite efforts on pent- equipment to produce, chloromycillin.

cotia

biologically,

chemists

found that I could be made In the laboratory with comparative ease.

Pig gland

Cortisone 13 &timulating other discoveries of the to mankind,

Frentert

Much Is expected now from st another recently discovered stil antibiotic. It was only a little over a year to that, the new romer, aureomyeln, was isolated in the US.

iniport

EMLYN WILLIAMS' TEACHER

By PATRICIA CLARY

Thus, ACTH (adrenocortico, TULE man who wrote "The tropic honnore),

by Corn Is Green" has revealed the pluntary gland of the plg,

Is based It has been found effective has been found to be useful in that the famous play

treating rheumatoid arthritis and partly on his own close asso- against Д wide range

n devuted and bacterial, rickettsial, and virus may, in addition, be of value inciation with disenses Butch "as psittacosis, treating gout, rheumatic fever, inspired teacher. trachoma, and certain other and many other diseases,

So nauseating

Corn In The

him to ::: Oxford scholarship and success in life.

eye infections. It wmni appear It requiren 400,000 hot

Iş Green," a to be beneficial in other con-

of Yorkshire schootmistress takes a ditions, but present Information piluituries to produce 11.

ACTII, and all the pigs belle poor but ambitious Welsh coal is spatre.

shughtered would provide only miner's son under her wing and a fraction of the amount when guides might be required, so that again a sustained search is being made for alternative means of pro-

In Emlyn Williams' own life. ducing the hormone or for sub-

Cooke en- stitutes.

Miss Sarah Graen most chive to obtain and scientists Loon found, only al- caured by handle, and for these reasons tacked covialn bacteria,

Still other very, recent deve-couraged and helped him from wns 10, sent him the penicillin lay

in obscurity for many fatal diseases to which

lopments suggest the value in the time he

treatment More than 20

of nearly ten years,

arthritis. money from her meagre savings years ago the man is heir remained outside its

sphemy Among others, was discovered that pernicious sciatica, and similor conditions when he needed K, helped him tuberculosis, for example, anemia, which was formerly of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with an Oxford scholarship and

fatal metabolic and of other materials-some of disease, could be cured by cat- them apparently quite unrelated inspired his greatest professional Again, there are other ing liver, though the mcessary chemically 10 cortisone Of success. organisms, for example consumption of 1. of liver a ACTHI.

In 1035 eine a revolution with thu

of dreavery "ulfa" drugs.

Th

drozs completely transformed the treatment

by

of

pneumonia, septicemia, for example, though They wire uften mzociated with unpleurant ride nactions.

Konorrhea,

ch

SIR IAN HEILBRON

Dr. A. H. COOK

Bu

where

mint

for survival.

D.S.O., F.B.S., and

was affected,

To the second great division the human diseases belong those disfunctions of the and body itsrit.

inevitably 11

"I had to walk five miles tu

past decade, calls now. "My father was an over-look: other

the rickettsia which are day was so nausealing that only In selecting AL few major school every day," Williams re- stit aller them the few would carry out the treat- nivances of the bacteria, and the smallest ment. of all living organistus,

being.

human well-iron worker in Wales and, if it hadn't been for Miss Cooke, I probably woukl have Cone to work in the coal mines like the rest of the kids."

Treating TB

Tais

difficulty was cared by one must not Meantime, it had been real-

Then in 1940, Sir Howard the rires, which are not des- the preparation of extracts, for contributions to y years

that Florey, Er E. Chain, and their troyed by pentelllin.

fortunately anly niner con- microbes in the soil and else- llegues in Oxford, engaged

stituent of the total liver was DI Examples

the diseases the

effective physiologically be constantly in what was for a time an ex- waging war against each other tremely tedious academic inves to which the rickettsie give rise materia

typhus, tigation, suceded in preparing are typhus and serub

Then less than two years influenza pencillin in crude solki form, while

and infantile ngo,

Glaxo Laboratories, Ltd.

No more than passing mention Hon found it lo and

be paralysis are believed to be ex- in Britain, and Merck and Co.

enn be made of products such Inc. in U.S. simultaneously

as p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) astonishingly effective in curing atuples of virus diseases.

tolated the active principle and the drug known as TU-1 or Sperimental infectious diseases

Scientista doduerd there pure form, This is designated

which appear

She recognised his ability and Tibione,

to be might well be other chemicals vitamin B12,

sometimes useful in freating gave him special attention. Cautiously it was tried

moulds or other on produced by

It is perhaps the most reuberculosis, of the antihista-When he was 14, the encouraged human disease, ogin with a forms of living matter that markable curative

substance minics the effeacy of which and criticised a novel he wrote counternet these disease-bearing yet discovered ns it contains **

common cold

about ancient Egypt. Later she arents just as penicillin was ef- cobalt an on essential constituentures of the

now being widely discussed. fretive in its particular Beld, of its molecule.

None of these advances, great arranged for him to go to France As a result of this achieve-

or small, were isolated dis- to study. When he had been ment, other more

pienuful coveries; all hnd their roots in graduated from Oxford and sources of the vitamin

were fundamental study brought to Hight,

Their temporary victories in many instances are due to their abilty to make chemicals which render the struggle more difft--

their imposible for cult or neighbour.

But for this circumstance cach outbreak of disease might well become catastrophyte.

Amazing powers

It was against this back- ground that in 1040 there came the discovery of the amazing curative powers of penicillin.

Penicillin is one of Those hitherto mysterious natural sub- stances produced by 'o' variety of microbe, in this case a mould, which has the power So bacteria.

such

as

1:110

in animals.

most miraculous results,

This marked the beginning of the intensive Mudy of mustibio- ties, and work on penicillin con- tinued In growing excitement, and was soon to become one of the nujor supply projects of The war.

New Antibiotics

An examination of thousands

For example, the isolation of needed money to produce a play Instead of trying to take vitamin B12 only became posshe had written, she sent him

much relatively what was required of specimens of different moulds 18oz. of nearly raw liver n.day; ible after so

the patient can lend a normal easier vitamin work had already

In 1938 Williams was casting Penicillin usd 4 spectaculat from soil from all parts of the life with a daily dose of vitamin een done: the study of earlier effect on a particular group of

Klobe has brought to light a B12, so small that one ounce vitamins and penicillin could about for an idea for a play. bacteria-those known as Grum

host of other antibiotics of would be sulllcient to maintain have been successful only when He asked his wife, former musi- Dusitive.

about 8,000 people for a whole the

of ent comedy actress Molly only a which, unfortunately, Very few are suitable for use by year. therapeutles.

Virus diseases

Thus

1010, in the U.S., in These are often the same Walesman stated a substaner, microbes which thu "rulfa" of drugs attack so celently, but &treptomycin, which gave pro-

are upt nt mise of useful action

Although

ho ofteri

Cortisone

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So Williams wrote "The Com revelation of Is Green" and acted his own Books, papers and magazines

distribution part in it in London. Ethel camps in the New Territories. Barrymore played Miss Cooke's

Please communicate with MRS HOLMES-DROWN,

techniques chemical

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE hariling minute quanilties of O'Shann, for a suggestion,

BRICADE. material had been perfected.

These Arc some of tho Why not do one about HONG KONG DISTRICT. lessons of the past few years. Miss Cooke?" she said.

Now, as we move into a new

WANTED Latterly, attention has been decade, are we not. Justified in Since then many others

It was antelpating the un cortisone. acainst focused

of these ctrcmical these "antibioties" have bien whereas the latter

first Isolated in 1036 In the even more Isolated from soil orgasms, times to produce distressing tuberculosis.

Clinie In US. from wonders? Mayo streptomycla, effects, penicillin has practically

part

and Bette had natural sources, but its remark-

en Broadway chloromycetin, and aureomycin. no toxic action.

striking Mice(53 over the last able properties were discovered

Davis portrayed her in movies. SIR IAN HEILBRON,

one of Originally produced in milk few years, its properties would only a little more than a year

ago, when doctors were secking the corld's

leading

organte treating disease with these sub- bottles, it is now made in bulk seem to preclude

A percentage of the money its being as a more effective

treatment of

chen:lats, has receives numerous which millions paid to see went stances aimounts 10 fighting by growing the mould in huge epoch-making as penicillin. Addison's Disense. By chance international honours. ite held the microbes with microbes,

to the elderly school teacher who one or two of the patients so chair of Organte Chemistry unit! Liko so many great scientific tions containing sugar, various

required in trented

also had rheumatoid recently at Imperial College, Unl-inspired it.

versity of London, discoveries, penicilln was found salts, and cornsteep liquor, and

which unexpectedly Dr COOK is a Doctor of Science. Williams, who doubles as by chance.

has given rise to a completely larger doses, it is more toxic and arthrills

drug was dramatically cured. It tends to develop

There

are indications that a lending part during the war in actor and playwright, has been resistance.

the chemistry of in Hollywood making his in other lucidating cortisone is useful t heralds

pentettiin. Nevertheless,

movio debut in but the

Husbands." - United advance in the treat. theuralle conditions,

innge of its effectiveness has still to be reviewed.

It must be emphasised that

enclosed tanks on nutrient solu-

there

Streptomycin, is

In 1929 Sir Alexander Flem- new fermentation industry. ing, in London, was cultivating From

to Lime

lime bacteria on "ngar plates" which have been alarms that bacteria accidentally-became-contaminal- aro -becoming resistant to ed by albome mould.

penicillin, a phenomenon not inent of tuberculosis.

definite

IL

London, and, with Sir Ian, played

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2 Tal Hang Road.

MR K. C. WONG,

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