1949-02-21 — Page 4

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WALTER SLEZAK GLADYS COOPER REGINALD OWEN S COLE PORTER

A Makro-Goldwyn-Mayek Picture

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1949.

WHY PILOTS MAKE

MISTAKES

Absent-minded - they press

¡RACE, B.A.F. pituts taking part in mocà' flying texts to find the cause of crashes fost their tempers, baslied the controls, and made blunders as bad

"throwing away cigaretta match."

and smoking

B

The Air Ministry report which describes the tests shows that many - probably most — flying accidents for which aircraft

are blamed aro caused by the anxiety or absentmindednem of pilota.

S

IMPLB fatigue le the common excuse, but it NOT the common

.calzo, says the report.

To go this evidence hundreds of pilots were givan two-hour tests in a mock cockpit which reproduced the conditions at blind dying.

While the men carried through » series of dieul maneuvres, 2 Medical Research Council team- headed by ace-psychologist Sir Frederic Bartfot-watched Their reactions.

Its report shows that the most experienced -pilot may unaccount. ably take a serious blunder and carry on flying without realizing be has done IL

One man tried to "land" the machine when his altimeter dial showed 1.000 feet "I am sorry,

the wrong button

CHAPMAN PINCHER

tolls what happened when crack pilots were testod

but such things just happen," ho told the scientists.

Nearly quarter of the pilota came out of the tests' graded as ipaiperamentally unsafe-a ding- nosis supported by later events.

The report says:

One pilot josing control at 1.500ft, neemed ag If paralysed and incapable of anỹ organised activity.

This fler we kliled in дл accident three months later..

the

AUXICLY in given Да commonest cause of Aging errors. Anxiety makca, pilo lustered instead of increasing their powers of concentration.

The too-anxious pilot is im-

he

over-corrects petuous:

his, mistakes, and by concentrating on one set of Instrumenta forgets to look at other vital diots Lho scientists any.

The new Israel has

Much of this will not be down

to wartime piers The lettern "P.E."-Pilot Error-closed dozena of reports on non-combat crashes. This was the sort of detail which followed a P.E. report

"Pliot omitted to check fuel before take of!". Pilot pulled the under. carriage lever instead of the fap ControlTM "Pilot feathered the propeller on a good engine'

Tong time during the war Pilot Error became cause of fatal accidents as enemy The I.A.1. Introduced action,

to counter this many devices human failure.

Ear-piercing horns were placed behind the pilot's head to shock him into consciousness if he forgot

down.

to put his undercarriago ited lights glowed in front of him if he tried to land with wheels up. Lids were placed over bultons so important that occidental operation of them could bring disaster.

And the R.A.P. introduced rhymes, and catchphrases to de repeated to remind the pilot of every action to be carried out and the right order to do them,

T

latest research team has been largely free from the day-by- day toll of life which forced war- time researchers to improvise..

Its conclusions show that some of the bad-weather crashes blamed on lying conditions may, in fact, have been caused by the anxiety which the weather caused in the pilot's mind.

The scientists suggest that "dpidemics of flying accidenta may be the direct result of an anxiety neurosis in pilots brought on by hearing the news of tho earlier crashes.

And they made this important discovery: "that" in the last few momenta of a mock fight, the pilot unconsciously leta up" and may become careless.

This may account for many of the landing accidents.

Alcohol cut down a pilot's skill in the cockpit test to an amazing degree. of ten R.A.F. offers given two double whiskles before The test only one put up a good SCO:0.

And extra vitamins were found to be no help in boosting a pliot's performance.

been asked to plan- THE RETRIAL

OF JESUS CHRIST

NEW file rests on the desk of the Minister of Justice in Israel-a' new flle that shows how much more than nineteen hundred years can vanish in a night. Its subject: "The Trial of Jesus Christ.'

Mr H. A. Lobbe, a Dutch en- to bring lover, is the first man before the new State of Israel on

which issue

has International nagged the conscience of mankind

the days of Pontius Pilate. since

He is asking for an official re- trial the view of the greatest world has ever known

Calaphos,

the High Priest, the

BY JAMES BARTLETT Chief Justice in Israel, envisaged at

He declares that neither "legal" "natural" Justice was done.

nor

sal justice is man-made and can be lawfully altered by, the State. Natural Justice, explains Mr Powell, is the birthright of every human being; it includes the right to a "fair" trial and an acquittal it not condemned.

It is universal, for it knows no territorial limits; it is fundamental to every system of law.

Both the Jewish and Roman

It is not the whim of a crank that courts professed to administer na raisen this issue. It is a principle of tural as well as legal justice. But, Justice, recognised by millions of pays Mr Powell, neither did so in men and women who consclously the case of Jesus each or not-live their daily ilver by Christian ethics

JUSTICE has no date-line. Mis- carriage of justice stirs civilised people at any time so that they do not rest until the record has been put straight.

the

be done.

denied Him both kinds of justice. Justice was not done, and was muni festly and undoubtedly seen not to Although this is his reasoned verdiet, he knows that many ques- tions cannot be answered dogma- tically: In a lawyer's eyes the record of A.D. 30 ure too hazy,

O

mostly in writing before A.D. 70.

writings

dis- have The original appeared.

But Mr Powell lists 15 standard works which he has studied in his search for strict legal evidence of miscarriage of justice,

Judging from these sources, and from the works of the Jewish his torian Josephus, who probably knew more than anyone about the Inw and practices of the Jewish courts In Pilate's time, Mr Powell sums up

his Andings.

:

C.V.R. Thompson

Cake Sells

The Joint

NEW YORK. UST a year ago housewives

JUST

queued from 2 a.m. to buy meat from Mr Jack Kleiman, who runs New York's largest butcher's shop with 35 nasis- tants.

meat His cheaper than the butcher's and thero plenty of it.

WDS

FL

fow pence local 6s-a-lb.

was always

Now Mr Kleiman had back again--but for

reason.

queues

different

Like most businesses, Mr Kiel- man's had been fealing ille draught of from the now American babit dollar-pinching.

To attract customers who had switched from expensive meat to and vegetarian cheaper poultry dishes, ho announced that anyone buying meat from him would get a free lunch of sandwiches, cake, and coffee.

His Arat customars were three dozen down-and-outs,

But it was not long before. pay- ing customers arrived, not only for a free lunch, but for meat chesper in price than it was when controlled, -and obtainable.

WHAT Mr KLEIMAN has done, of course, is to return to the And wiles of good salesmanship. suddenly nearly every business in. America is having A shake-up of its sales staff.

Sales managers used to writing letters saying No, until the buyers' market returned, ure being sent to school to relearn their jobs. Somo firms are

sacking their old sales staff and replacing them with more eager and more wily women.

RENO, which makes its living out of quick divorces, has just ac- the first trial that if Jesus were quired a conscience. Under a Bill allowed to live there would be proposed by Don Crawford, a local revolution in the Jewish Stato. politician, Reno's judges would no rubber-stamp give longer

out, divorces as soon as court fees have been collected.

Pilate, the Roman governor, knew that if he let Jesus live the Jews might convince Caesar in Rome that Pontius Pilate was a traitor to the Roman cause.

both

First a judge would have to do his best to reconcile the parties.

advice to Suggested

couples: Divorce in hasto, repent at leisure. divorce does not erase the effects. of marriage.

Both judges were afraid; gave

to their fears. In They could never know what terrible judgments would be passed

their actions in the years to QCIENCE, through the hand of an come... nor how they were chang-S ing the history of the world.

on

electrician named Carl Schaef- fer, has found a way of controlling a large family. With the arrival of hia 10th child," Mr Schaeffer Atted' home with a public address cystem Said

"NOW

Now we'll be able to keep a fab on them"

the against

second thoughts ban against Walter Cleacising, the German planist (ad.. mitted for an American tour ope day and thrown out of the country the next); filled the New York

__THE_FIRST TRIAL_of_desis— NOBODY since their time has but his 14-room St. Louis court

by the Jews was ilegal be- 1▼ been able to alter the official cause the members of the tribunal record of that miscarriage of justice he had made up thele minds before- in Jerusalem so long ago.

in War swept through the city verdict of hand to bring In a

It was a tragic mock that first century of the Christian PROTESTS

em, more than one million Jews "Guilty." trial which could never have been

lines in any perished in the slaughter, the rest conducted on Buch

were scattered over the face of the carth. Israel ceased to exist as public court of the present day.

THE SECOND TRIAL by the nation, our own times. Now the

Romans-was

the legal and verdiet of "Not Guilty" was fair. Israeli Ang is flying in London for

first time above the head E Jesus

AVEN the true date of the trial o1 But Pontius Pilate yielded to the the

Without quarter of an Israeli Government In doubt... pro demands of tho

And in Israel, after more than nineteen hundred years, there is a rescinding his verdict he sentenced

Justico

.with Jesus to death.

13

mob.

So the Dutch engineer echoes the feelings of others in all lands where tragedy of Good Friday is still as real as when it happened.

Frank Powell, 57-year-old Mr lay preacher as well as metropolitan bably A.D. 30, but possibly A.D. 29 for the past 12 years, or 33. The main sources of informa- magistrate

tlon about the two trials. are in Why did the two chief judges Jewish Minister of has provided the material for a

the New Testament, which was act as they did? revival of the caso for a new verdict.

On strict legal grounds he con- demns both the Hebrew trial and the Roman frial which followed-it.

In a Jewish Court the trial did not usually begin with the prefer- ring

of a charge. Witnesses first made complaint, and on their evidence the judges

Next Change: "MAN FROM DOWN UNDER” decided what the charge would be.

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BARBARA WARD givos har verdict on the Budapest trial: 'An attack not on religious freedom only, but"on"the"rights"ofTMman.”

Ho It is not enough for non-Com-

Saw that the Communist Communist E know a certain amount about.

alms and Communist leaders to disappear. If they Government was steadily swallowing

We did, they might linger on as popular up every other body in the State munist tactics by now. have had 40 years to study them in myths. No, they must be discredited the trade unions, private business, the political parties. He fought all as well as removed. Russia and four years to see, how

the harder to keep some ladepen- UT of this first trial Mr Powell they look when they are imposed They must be convicted of every BUT

says: "Strictly speaking, Jesus upon non-Russian peoples. We know crime, particularly of the crime of dence for the Church.

the people." This need the long never formally charged with that the chief aim of Communism is betraying was

In particular, he opposed the to establish a political system in for vilification, explains He was condemned which there is no other rival centre monotonous series of Communist nationalisation of the schools, the any offence.

for blasphemy out of hand

the

trints inside and outside Russia in banning and dissolution of all youth which the victims have first been clubs moment He claimed-in the court of power or loyalty.

associations, and the itself to be the Messinh and Son

It does not inatter from whut side mude the target of a barrage of refusal to permit a daily newspaper of God.

the threat to exclusive Communist slanderous attack and Bave then in- representing Catholic views.

bas to be control may come. It destroyed.

tion.

WILS

There was no further investiga- The Jewish judges refused to listen further. They sold: "He

In Russia t come at one time is guilty of death."

from the "Old Guard"the first sald But nothing

of this

leaders of Russia who later dis- when Jesus was taken before the agreed with the offelal Stalinist line. Roman Governor,

They were quidated. Realising that Pontius

upon a formal was going to insist trial, the Chief Priests said: "we found this fellow perverting the to give nation, and forbidding tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ n King."

Pilate

Here was no mention of blas-

for

In Eastern Europe, it came a time from the different political parties. They were swallowed up.

Independent trade unions have. also offered some alternative prinel ple of organisation and loyalty.

and

newspapers.

Some readers took the line that it is time for vindictiveness to end. Others blamed minority groups for forcing the Government decision by their "hate-mongering," and accuse those groups of practising the very intolerance which brought them in to existence.

and we may imagine of what kind they were ARA how long thes lasted but we do know that the. whole revolting mechanism of the Soviet propaganda trial had been set In motion.

In

Before the Cardinal appeared the carefully packed court, he had been attacked and standered by every means at the Hungarian Government's disposal. When he appeared he was a bewildered man, ready, like all other Soviet victims, to confess whatever was laid to his charge.

The charger-dealing with the Western Powers at a time when, before the Peace Treaty, they were legally responsible for Hungary,

THE CARDINAL'S CRIME

to declare foreign cur- variably confessed to all the crimes The night this touched the funda- falling

mental issue: shall the State or shall rency to a Government which had of which they were accused.

parents mould and guide the mind already confiscated the Church's of the young?

properly are essentially irrelevant. minds of the children had

The Cardinal saw that once the

The Cardinal was not removed been

Ells real crime handed over to the Communist becouse of them.

was that he provided on alterna-

to that of the Communist State and

Even Mr Gomulka could not give up the Premiership without publicly confessing a long list of political errors and "deviations."

This is the background to the trint State, the next generation i tive centre of leadership and loyalty. of Cardinal Mindszenty.

By his fary would not only be

'meaning of freedom,

enslaved,

phemy--the charge had been changed They have vanished into the single mere existence in Soviclised Hub- it would no longer even know the was fried so that he might be

gary, the Cardinal menaced the first

to high treason.

Communist trade union system. principle of Communism-exclusive Treason

was a charge which Pilate alene could try, and one he Even old adherents of the Com- loyalty to the Communist regime. could not shirk. It was his boun-inunist Party like the ex-Prime His loyalties extended further, den duty to investigate it, and he Minister of Poland, Mr Gomulke, He owed a first loyalty to God proceeded to do so,

has lost his position because ha ap- to have somo lingering through the centuries at that evi-sovalty to Poland as opposed to,

The magistrate of 1940 looks back peared

the

Since the Cardinal could not be allenced, he had to be removed and--- which is much more important discred ted. He himself knew that the attempt would be made. In his last hours as a free agent, he tell his clergy to bellave nothing that he should say once he was in

be due to "human frailty.". prisoned since all confessions woult

hu

personally discredited and his fol- lowers divided and bemused,

The important verdict in this "trial! is not therefore the sentence passed on the Cardinal. It is the verdict which will be passed in the minds of freedom-loving people everywhere not least in Hungary itself.

He owed a second loyalty to a vast international society, the Cathol's

they swallow the proceedings at dence which rocked the ancient city Communism

Church, and to its members, 0 time of

when? Jerusalem at

they recognise tho whole ignoble Communiem demands not only "arrat majority of the citizens of

their propaganda value? Or will

Hungary.

process for what it is an attack London was an obscure village.

the physical disappearance of its

What made his position intolerabla 470 do not know what methods not only upon religious freedom.

• THE TRIAL OF JESUS CHRIST. rivals, It seeks to wipe out their by Frank J. Powell, Paternoster | memory

from the minds of the to the Communists was his refusal were used the Cardinal in his last but on the fundamental rights of

to keep silent about these loyalties, speech, spoke of "interrogations," man? Press, G

massés.

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