1948-10-16 — Page 4

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16,

THE GREAT DIVIDE?

Be

H. R. TREVOR-ROPER

NOR months all eyes have 'been on Berlin. It is the symbol and centre of the struggle for Europe, a struggle that in being waged both direct- ly by the Great Powers and in- directly by the German parties.

Why is there a struggle? does it mean?

Wi

How will it end? There is a struggle because Russia and the West, have different and incompatible systems.

In theory there is no reason why such systems should not exist ide by side, but I fact each tears the other, and through fear each adopts tactles which it calia defensive but which the other calle aggressive.

Belief that the West will attack

The Busstuns in particular atraki.

have have

are

They bellove (it is in the Marxist

West that the Scriptures)

must Inevitably attack then, and since 1947, when they decided that time was no longer on their side, they for the preparing been Inevitable struggle by sharpening cloctrinal weapons, seizing And consolidaling .new new their position in Eastern Europe.

We consider auch fears absurd, but must respond.

their

bastions,

Originally we had hoped for

to agreement

make four-Power

economy,"

Germany "A viablo paying its own way and supplying without threatening its neighbours. This was the basis of the Potsdam Agreement.

When the

Ruslans consistently

broke the Potsdam Agreement, we went ahead and set up a Western State in our zones of Germany.

The Western State has been u SUCCEES, Currency reform has worked, production increased, and Germans look to it as the nucleus of a new Germany.

The Russians declare that it is the spearhead and the arsenal fer the attack on Russia.

"Unity of East' policy fails

This obsession of attack from the West, combined with the success of the Western State, has determined Russian moves in Germany.

A first the Rassions adopted a treating Instead of new policy. Eastern

Germany as an exploited colony, they promised to bulld it up as a rival nucleus, safely controlled through the Communist Party.

German unity sponsored by the West might be a threat; sponsored by East it could be a valuable

the weapon.

This was part of the aggressive policy adopted in 1947. By 1948 It Is n total failure,

it

Holl

author of the best-selling book on Germany's fall "The Last Days of Hitler"

WESTERN

Belcum

STATE

France

RUSSIAN ZONE

BERLINO

zechoslovakia

Austria

BERLIN

It has also had a great psychological effect. It has given encouraging publlelty to our strength and organisation. For this reason the Russinus would like to see the and of the air lift.

They would prefer the winter to end it for them. If they thought it: would, in order to show the limits of our strength. but it they think we can maintain it all winter they would prefer to end It now.

May choose to compromise Thus the Russians may choose to compromise, at least for a time, and in

time we may Int exorcising succeed their dangerous ob- sessions.

not. It

the struggle must continue.

last Ta

resori the issua how on

the Russians depends estimate their own strength, There are good reasons for believing that

want war, they seeing how much they can get with- out it.

The symbol for the that

East and West

If this insistence can persuade the Russians to compromise, we offer a formula which humiliates nobody: Eastern marks the circulation of

under effective Throughout Beriln tour-Power control.

Will the Russians accept this? They have shown little sign of t

Thetr tactical position is strong. Why should they surrender It?

They will compromise only it they are convinced firstly that we aro in earnest and secondly that we are stronger than they.

Surprised by the air lift

If, we absolutely refuse to abandon the Western State, Berlin, becomes a symbol for them, too, and they will not risk defeat for a symbol espucially since they can afford to wait if they think that their chances will

counot rub improve. Berlin away in the meantime.

One other factor may cause them The air lift, which to compromise, was our answer to the blockade, has surprised them.

the

do nat

but are

Nevertheless, there is always the danger that through miscalculation they may blunder into it.

Human history often depends on and we personality and accident, know too little about the internal make any Russia lo politics of absolute prophecy.

We do not know, for instance, whether Zhdanov was liquidated or

died.

If he was Hquidated, it may mean that the aggressive polley associated with him is being dropped as fallure; if he died, we can make no such deduction.

·

When such large factors are un- known it is not merely unsafe to prophesy, it is silly.

JUGGLING BABIES BACK TO HEALTH

By CERRY HILL

them

1948.

GAS MASK

*Never mind about its protective value in atomic or bacterial warfare-you'll wear yours the same as everybody elsa.”

Bring out your rattles,

pin on your favours, and take a ringside

seat for

p

R. M. MacCOLL videz

the election "specials"-first with President Truman to hear his opening election speech, and them with Governor Dewey. This on-the-spot contrast gives the latest form in America's White House Stakes....

THE BIGGEST CIRCUS

t

DES MOINES (Iowa). SLIGHT man with a flat-

tened nose and a glittering smile

fully dressed

jay

OF 'EM

The contrast

ALL

FILLES

At bis evening speech- in the gymnasium, Dewey marched in behind the Stars and Stripes carried by an American legionnaire. The band crashed into the national anthem. The crowd went wild.

"Love that

Was

But it must be said that I noticed several times during the speech that

the generous applause touched off by the shrill, ululations across his bed in a Des Moines

between the two More polite hand-claps as the of a claque of women sitting in the hotel bedroom and said: "The men and their respective recep- speech ended. The President mopped front rows.

man," cried one as Governor, you know, likes to tions was startling. Truman, likeable his gleaming forehead, grinned at have everything perfectly or though he is, and enjoying the im- his wife and daughter Margaret. she bounced up and down in her ganised. No confusion. Every mense prestige of his office, seems

ho made Later, when

a brief seat "Oh, love that inan. of capturing a crowd All details incapable one looked after.

suys. Dewey can second spoecli about his own early

Dead Game days on the farm, the crowd and does. That's the Governor" with what he just so.

But for most of the more genial The man in the bedroom was Mr.

About Truman's cortege and fol- reporters present it was an embar- Hamilton Gaddis, Scots-Irish and one of the chief henchmen of the lowers--though never the President rassing experience.

ап npologetic Governor," who is Thomas Dewey, himself-there Republican candidate for the Pre smell of defeat. sidency of the United States.

its man

Is

Dewey and his tough boys simply exudo victory at all times.

Wog

Smiles All The Time

statues

Yht, but if Truman had been

He is

help

VES Dewey carries the crowds all a prizelighter his fans would have taken him to their hearts. dead game. You just cannot Ow take Dewey. At Rock Island king fir

Whether he is using rural pro Now Gaddis is the "advance man," an

a crowd

of perhaps 3.000 is Important part of the famed Dewey

central nunciation of "Eye oh way" (lown) At the ploughing championships assembled in the town's Affair

to a train-stop crowd at six in the machine, a silekly running

include, morning. in one square whose monuments

or Gaying: "And now Truman, natty, as always, that has helped to make

suits and grey several classical female

want you to meet a member of mah favourite to win the of his immaculate an odds-on

blue: Fedor hats, appeared on a platform modestly garbed in stone brassieres

on which a faded family,"

aside and November election.

plush curtain is jerked in the blinding sunlight (it was 94 by their sculptors.

The first sign of that famous

Truman: skips- into- Miss Margaret deg. In the shade) In front of huge

all 3,000 in which

coach the "organisation" is that scoreboards.

view from the presidential the crowd have been handed in wearing a blithe smile-tio is 'ox-- advance either a child's rattle or a ploughing contestants' positions.

tremely likeable. The crowd, farmers in blue Jeans horn of the type used in night clubs

Only 36 reporters accompanied and

their shirtsleeves.

These on New Year's Eve:

they the President's 17-car train as it and some left Washington. Intest ex play at all appropriate, smartly dressed in the pensive modes

throughout of Chicago and inappropriate, moments Kansas City, applauded decorously, the speech.

Mrs. Truman noted something

Dewey strides through the crowd. amics Trotting across the platform,

her husband's A short man, thinner than he used she whipped from right-hand lapel his red caraation to be. Ho is smiling with unalter

"I used to do this job alone in G., the old days," said Mr. smoothing a pillow, "But this year, as I am getting on a bit, the me six other Governor has given fellows to help run interference' for him. One of them is Mike Reilly,

U.S. of the

Secret former head Service. I am not paid for this, of course. Still an amateur."

Touched A Chord

showed

women

Ninoty, four re- ▼

with aboard crowded porters

train, too. is: 17" mrs. Dewey thin long), and his train was "sold out"

in s three weeks ago,

Truman has 31 persons

including secretaries. will cost the campaign fund

WHETHER amateur or not, Gaddis and reinserted it into the left lapel. nble determination, He seizes n hand entoura

strictly professional The crowd ked that.

efficiency. Huge

piles of orderly

at duplicated sheets lay Schedules, detraining detalls about transport

He also had a sheet which would

got off the train telling him

Covers.

room number at an hotel, where he ensuing pause indicated could get a shower, his sult pressed, was expecting a drink and sandwich, and rest.

JUGGLING bables back to health twisted and misshapened, Identical is winning the support of ortho- to her deformed grandchild," said

and doctors who were Mrs Danc. pacdists

revolu- sceptical at first of such

Babies frightened to go, to school and terrified of going to sleep at It has frightened the satellites tionary methods.

For

the past

eight years Mrs night for fear of nightmares are Poland and Czechoslovakia-whs are

of doing their afraid of any German revival, and Estrid Dane has run a Neumann- soon so confident

has not converted the Germans, Neurode clinic for children in Not- exercises under Mrs Dane's tullion London. In the they will forget their fears and lead who are not as gullible as all that. inghill Gate,

she tosses three-month-old a normal life. clinic In fact the Russians have had to

One of

Mrs Dane's most out- air, bounces one babies in the elections in their zone Dostpone

ses la two and a half standing cases of the gently on their heads, swings rather than risk the rout

Through yCRI

Kelih Dade. At Ave while by their feet and

old Party. Thus,

puts them Communist

series of active exercises that months old, Keith was sent to the Ando-American polley has been a mitressful, Russian policy in Ger- would put any expert on physical clinic with one leg shorter than the training to shame. Her PT is, how ether. one arm missing from the many is already bankrupt.

twisted ever, designed to cure and prevent elbow,

neck and round He WDS A miserable general debility and practically, all shoulders.

six months of deformities of growth.

exercises, baby. After Mrs

I had Dane's realment has both Keith had straightened up his round Today he alarmed and fascinated orthopaedists shoulders and his neck- and doctora but, more

They must pinch where they can

What, then, are the Russions to do next? There are two possibilities. First, they con put pressure on the West and only release the pres- a substantial in rotura for gain--the dissolution of the Western State.

suro

is

To do this they must pinch us wherever they can hurt us.

The actual

point of pressure irrelevant. It might be Sinklatu in fact it is Berlin, the hostage which an

unconsidered diplomacy has left permanently at their mercy. Russians can Alternatively the accept the Western State as final and sot about incorporating Eastern Germany finally into their system. To do this they must use their stronger local position to drive us out of Berlin

on

come.

to

Thelt he

armoured .coach).

trip

alone

£1,240

hashed

Expensive Business

consist of 37 persons, including special ́às- DEWEY'S party sistants, speech-writers, and expert "researchers." The journey will set (Dewey their meals the Republican Party back by about.

£1,300 for

weight Kia himself is watching

lunch is an

here, catches an eye there. Beside His and their fares While a radio man shouted the him is his wife, a slender, pretty Democratie Party

with into a micro- woman

a red hat. brown about £5,000 for this hand. Anal preliminaries

scared (others will follow). information, phone, Truman sat fidgeting with tailor-made, and a faintly

Meals will cost around bound be expression. when his speech, which was

hot consomme, (the President's

brolled sicuity. Dewey's party arrived, sketch maps tween morocco

omid some Once on the platform Dewey is charcoal of how to reach the stadium where mounted the rostrum

at. Ife responds by brown potatoes, and chocolate ice Dewey would speak, coples of his more distinctly lepid applause, and really roared

raising his right arm, not in the cream on the first evening out cost started. speech.

manner of "the" "Inte him 125 plus-Up. The reporters on Several Limes Truman's rising stiff, jerky

dictators, but rather as one reaching the train could buy the same food emphasis, and be handed to. each reporter as he

his intonation. greater

he up to stroke a favourite cat nesting as that served in Truman's heavily that applause. It rarely on top of the cupboard. There was a murmur of Then he makes a facial tour of Ke bows and from

the the entire crowd. some of

smiles right, left and centre. Next 1 exclaimed at this. A reporter conversation myself, it touched a chord, Alan crowd standing In the hot sun.

he slowly turns round and takes in I remembered that only a few years

those behind him. Then he gets a popular

No Answering Roar ago Dewey was not too

laugh by craning round to see some- with newspaper men. He was aloof

MOST telling phrase by Truman one far back and saying to him with and cold.

"Wall sprightly friendliness, "HI" Then to ન reference Dewey, carefully I was But the new

street's gluttons of privilege." But business. warmed up and made "humaner,

He smiles all the time, even when carefully his usual has seen to it that this old failing even this got no answering roar, "I Leur," murmured an American is a thing of the past.

he speaks of weighty matters. His apple, some vegetables or a salad), columnist at my elbow, "that these words pre carefully cunclated, and £1,400 for the

nir of great expensive business. are the privileged that he is talk and he gives the A Real Badge

One more

Dewey's big detail. u life wero he to."

plausibility.

air, but heavy HAPPENED still to be wearing glanced at the 52 light planes Insurance salesman, one would al- speech in Des Moines was to have Press badge belonging to farmers in the nearby most certainly be reaching for the been in the open

rain switched it indoors Handsome in my lapel

been

Glen Alvine, in charge of the news- given on President "parking lot," Truman's special train on which enormous new ears, the Ane dresses cheque book before he was done.

The new Dewey has humour. It reel arrangements, gently tore his I travelled Important, can walk and use the elbow Joint

from Washington to of their women, the huge harvest

assured the silver hair. us and

what he was raining, and he saw

"Four, hundred capital. all about

It cost to set has achieved what they have often of his missing arm almost as though Des Moines, the State

crowd that, as a farmer himself, ho failed to do.

with gentle meant. it were 0 hand. He swings on Gaddis observed this

"Alas," sighed the columnist, "it would not mind being known as up the lights for the newsreel boys," REMARKABLE RESULTS trapezes and climbs Sopes in the satisfaction.

the words "Dewey the rain-maker." They loved he walled. "Now they all gotta be "Just a tile use employing he goid. Bables pronounced

a child full of con- "That badge," incurable by clinic. He is

Gets form and of n Robespierre if they are to be it. I heard him make the same joka taken down and put up again. Four

flat sent to Mrs fdence and achievement, and when

paper, isn't it?

ties that day. Mrs. Dewey hundred pounds. But it's parta the leading orthopaedists

tones of a three eh?" I sald delivered in the Dane's clinic with a long list of he starts school, in a few months' scruffy pretty easily,

Missouri Kiwanis Club luncheon." laughed each time. deformities have within six months time, he will be able to show the "True enough."

my hand an He pressed into he can do remarkable progress.

other kids just what made

badge The Juggling has not unly without any sign of a

orange-coloured crippled flaming straightened a curvature of the mentality.

made of enamelled in about the of a clrcumference

tennia ball, spine but given the child a sense of terrific achievement and crushed

bearing on it the words "Press that "crippled

mentality" that

Dewey Victory Special." generally shadows the life of a deformed child.

Mrs. Dane's chief tool is the muscle pull. She says: "As long as pull can be macle the muscle stronger than the resistance of the

LIKE A NORMAL child

the

"Now that is a real badge," said Mr. Gaddis. "A fine object. Many of the reporters like to keep them know, souvenirs, Detail, you detail. Very important."

about Dewey's I asked casually tastes. "Oh, the Governor is all да occasional man. Takes of a

Often sits up with the anle**

When she was a year old, Made- line had a curvature of the spine that made her look like a plece of twisted rope. Within six months as three ten-minute exercises a week- the

to sit up w

with baby was able quile a straight back. But because

from

Revere glandular she suffers,

than Tour feet high fler

Hon for ever, and this is only pos-uble, Madeline will never be Scotch and water.

These two policles are alternative, One means

keeping us in Berlin so as to

to pinch us at convenience, the other means finally pushing us out. The Russians would prefer the first but might fall back on the second. At present, since both depend

Berlin, they

blockade Berlin can and make their choice at will

How can we meet these tactics? It can be assumed that we will not abandon the Western State and that would be folly, the sacrifice of ailments

symbol: cured. a real asset for a mero tor in the last analysis Berlin a symbol.

of 02

playing 'penny

works.'

bone, the muscle will pull the pool straight and hold it in that pual- sible at Infant ago".

To make a three-month-old baby more

muscles of a own exercises, however, have helped bots." I rose. "Well, so long, and work certain accord, Mrs Dane twists and bounces her to relax, and at home ahe Just watch the way our organisation the baby

in a position it doesn't plays with her brothers and sisters

Next day I went to Rock Island, Dewey make his like-upside down, fect touching its just as though she was a normal Illinois, heard

hands and feet speeches there, and in the twin eliy nose and the baby soon frees il- child, though her self by working the muscles sho

like those are

eighteen- of Davenport, Iowa, just across the in his bordor, and, then travelled train along the same route that I aims it to use. In that way severe month-old baby.

the During

war, Mrs Dane had taken with the President two muscles-common

war-scared babies. days earlier. young children-aro worked with

their lunga

to Dewey Babies would scream

That night I listened out and dither

foar ONCE PERFECT

Another Kymnasium holding 0,000. Asked why it is necessary for a time on aeroplane passed overhead making his first big speech in a Mrs Three weeks from their first round 8,000 istened by loud-speaker out- Moreover, as long as we remain perfect baby to do exercises,

of exercises those samo' babies on sido, in Berlin, we can be pinched whien-Dane will point to the orthopaedic

Russians want another clinics, full of children weaving thearing an aeroplane would point over the concession,

splints, Irons, plaster and built-up upwards and

once aeroplane" And yet wo anturally do not want shoes-children who were to give up our legal position in "perfect bables".

"Many babies Berlin, Though it is a symbol it.

constipation. protruding stomachs

crumped In

and 12 months.

two

with

mutter: "That's on

Truman Broadside

and

has become (or has been mado) a defects between the ages of three Britain.

In many cases it symbol of too much for that,

Our policy is therefore to insist that Berlin is an integral part of our position in Germany: if the Russians

wo anal exploit weakness there, exploit our strength elsewhere.

In time Mrs Dane hopes to have Two days before I had watched acquire these welfare clinics dotted throughout T. Truman lot go with a broadside She already has trained against Wall Street before 80,000 their womenfolk Danish girla, and they are farmers

methods in their gathered for the finals of the nation- is congenital. Fathers and mothern carrying out her

al ploughing championships in the continue to deny any cases of own country.

for In America many doctors are black loam cornfields, deformity in their family generations book and then-along interested in her treatment--United como grandmother, her neck Press,,

*Low-stake poker.

Ing

the swarms of

If

organisation."

fares. It is an

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