1948-08-02 — Page 6

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PHASE 1

Brlebt hours of Yalta

N Sunday, February 4, 1945, there was opened at Yalta, in the Russian Crimea, the most exclusive club the world had seen. Its, mem- bera: Winston : Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin. Its entrance fee (in Churchill's words): "At least or the five million soldiers equivalent."

It was conducted in high good humour and genial solemnity.

During the next week plans for the final knock-out of Ger- many and, secretly, for the entry of Russia into the Far East war, were completed.

Above all they agreed, in the Livadia Palace, former home of

the Czars, on the future of Ger

many.

The unity of the Allies at Yalta with the Russians ad- Vanoing at an unprecedented rate, with the Allied air flests pounding the German cities. to rabble, and with the "beginning of the end" of Japan in sight,

From. Gites in the United States

HOW DID

IT GET

TO THIS?

CHARLES FOLEY

fraces what has happened between Russia and. the Woet elnes that hopeful day early in 1983

Оп June 10, 1040, the Foreign Ministers met to discuss Germany--- and to disagree.

fact that Germany had not

to treating Germany agree

08 D

(KAS)

IN

'0'

AND OUT OF PARLIAMENT

By Ernest Thurtle, M.P.

NE of labour's nightmares is on the way out. The party no longer feels vulnerable on the question of housing.

New dwellings are now coming along at a mold rate (London had a record last month) and it la con- idered that election time in 1850 will see the shortage reduced to small dimensions.

Meantime, it is true that many hard cases still exist, but at least the sufferers can look forward to iller within reasonable time.

Health Minister Bevan, reviewing the situation recently, was almost exultant, and left his supporters with the comfortable, feeling that this political social Fattle would be won.

✰

PEOPLE ask me if Michael Foot is among Labour's

up-and-coming young parliamentarians.

The answer is not easy. Michael writes very pungent political prose, which is highly appreciated In The Labour movement, and no doubt contributed much to his recent election to the party's national executive. In Parliament, however, he has not been very active. His ardour tends to find expression through his pen rather than his voice.

This is not altogether, his fault. In a majority behind a Government, they serve best who talks little and vole right.

to Russia whenever she cared to an- fer a proposition which seemed to cause the 'more Irritation in Moscow the more it was repeated.

APRIL 25, 1947. The Council of Foreign Ministers' meeting in Moscow ended in fallure. The only surprise -1 secret protocol signed by Churchill, Itoosevelt, and Stalin at Yalta in February 1945.

This was pulled out of the hat by Molotov and it specifically agreed that Russia should take reparations from current German production, which confliclod with the strongly expressed views of the West. Bevin

objected that Yalta had been super- seded by the Potsdam agreement.

DECEMBER 10, 1947. The Coun-

THE golden opportunity for the making of a parliamentary re- pulation provided always in opposition.

13

Talk then is a virtue, not a de- inying nuisance. And whole-heart- ed denunciation and fierce invective, for which Michael has considerable capacity, can win much approval.

If, therefore, the electors/suld perchance sack the Government, but not the present member for Devon- port, he might become a notable gure on the Opposition benches.

*

STILL the death penalty for mur-

der continues to be a Coven- ment headache.

Mr Churchill and others attacked with great vigour the proposal to

cll of Foreign Ministers, transferred differentiate between one kind of to London, finally collapsed."

and another.

Nevertheless the clause was car- JUNE 9. 1048. In London a con-ried by a comfortable majority, ference of six Powers (Russin out: though much of the Government Belgium, Holland. and Luxemburg back bench support of it was given added as light make-weights), drew up a new plan for a new Western Germany.

PHASE 5

Blockade... and Walk-out

reluctantly.

It was, in fact, only the unexpected strong public reaction against aboli- tion, even for a trial period, which Indured many Labour members to modify their earlier attitude.

★ ☆

*

Alternatively they could invoke

the Parliament Act procedure, and ultimately carry the Bill intact aver the heads of the Lords.

But Ministers are reluctant (wise-

Both countries, according to Yalta, were to be the joint res

TF the Lords reject the new clause, ponsibility of all three Allied

The burden of 80 million pounds

og rumoin says they will, what FINAL phoso occurred on June will the Government do?

Allies Governments. "Spheres of in- a year on the British taxpayer, sald

Ayer on the insely due to the A 20, when the Western

For the sake of saving the rest of been issued their new German currency, the Criminal Justice Bill they may fluence" were to be abolished.

But on February 25, 1945, Mr treated as an economic whole (see which destroyed the semaining value possibly accept this further Upper

Soviet Vishinsky,

Foreign Potsdam); surplus food resources in of the Reichsmark which was still Chamber rebuff. Under-Secretary, went to one zone should be used to make used in the Russian zone.

The Russians retallated by closing Bucharest, called on young King good the deficits in other zones. Michael, looked at his watch, Byrnes, U.S. Secretary of State, the 950-mile frontier between East the I thanks to Stalin's promise to and gave him "just two hours said that if the Russians would not and West Germany and also

ly think) to see this death penalty como in-was something nimost and live minutes" to dismiss one whole, then America was ready to rule on the motor roud from the Government and put in another join her zone to the British zone and,

West into Berlin.

issue mixed up with the constitu- tangible.

more to Soviet tastes,

if possible, the French zone, so as to The great blockade had begun,tional struggle. form an economic unit. The parti- Marshal Sokolovsky walked out of For on this matter the peers ap- On March 3, 1945, the day tion of Germany was in sight. Then, the Allied Control Council for the pear to be closer to publle opinion *- There was hard bargaining,

than-the-Commons. but agreements were not defined after Roosevelt's Yalta report to also, began the wrangle on the ques- last time, declaring it dead. with legal sharpness. If "the Congress, his last public speech, tion of reparations from

production." which has bedevilled. peace of the future world" were the Polish crisis broke-with relations with Rusala ever since. to depend on the three mombers Molotov refusing to discuss as

The Western Allies objected that of the Yalta Club, then faith in members of the

if the Russians insisted on taking for the integrity of all was essen- Government any politicians out reparations German products in the tial. It was in this spirit that side those approved by Moscow. cast, there was no hope that Ger- On April 1 Roosevelt cabled many, in the words of the Potsdara

agreement, would the voting procedure at the

ever subsist Security Council of the United Stalin, claiming that this move without external assistance." This Nations was extended to include threatened to undermine Yalta; meant American dollars and British the Soviet proposal, the right of in return came the charge that dollars borrowed from America.

the Western Allies were nego- tiating a separate pence.

veto.

new

Polish

PHASE 4

current

Mora talk... more trouble

PRICES

So

the prices

rise in America

RICES are starting to rocket So ERP, hits Americans à double to blow. They pay higher, taxes ngain in the U.S.

provide aid for Britain and Western This week the Americans will Europe; and they pay higher prices pay U.S.$1 a pound for a leg of for what they buy. a pound for lamb and $1.83

For Britain the price rise which E.R.P. Is provoking in world $20 n ton-highest in American markets is intensifying the problem history.

of bringing her overseas trade into

as possible. AND so the delegates went round steak. Coal is likely to sell at

and round-London, Moscow,

Paris, New Washington, Moscow, London.

On the legal side-and the

Roosevelt cabled his denial of case is as complex as any inter- national lawsuit-our right to this to Stalin, und sent to stay in Berlin rests finally on Churchill the advice: "I would minimise the general Soviet Yalta this paragraph of the pact: "The forces of the three problem as much Powers (France was later add- but we must be firm." He died" ed) will each occupy a separate an hour later, a saddened man. zone of Germany.

bulance. Co-ordinated The basis of confidence had al- oratorical feathers began to fly. administration and control has ready been corroded. been provided for under the plan through a Central Control Commission consisting of the Supremo Commanders of the three Powers with headquarters in Berlin."..

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

After Velta Potsdam

ex-

A similar situation arose with the original American loan in 1940,

About £100,000,000 was lopped off the purchasing power of the borrowed dollara in six months.

So marked was the price inflation that it worried even that cheerful. Bongster, Mr Dalton. He said: "It has put us in a position of peculiar

Outside the conference rooms

Research by American economista was shows that the price of about 900 . The bull point at this time America's suspension of reparations basic commodliles has jumped to a And they deliveries from Western Germany to new postwar record. Russia, Molotov claimed this as a forecast that many commodities will few breach of Potsdam. The Americans rise still further in the next said it was due solely to the fact that months, Russia had side-stepped her part of

What is causing this rise in prices? the agreement to deliver food, coal, timber, and other products needed There is no mystery about it. There the famous ON August 2, 1945,

by Westor Germany from the 15 no squabbling among the Potsdam agreement, signed by Eastern zone. If Russia did not perts. the victors on the outskirts of Berlin, carry out those Potsdam clauses

All are agreed that the foreign aid difficulty." which was then in sole Soviet occu- which favoured Britain and America, programme ERP is the nigger in pation, was proclaimed.

Now we have his successor at the then America would have to suspend the woodpile.

Treasury, which

Sir Stafford Cripps, Truman had replaced Roosevelt the execution of clauses and Attlee was now in Churchill's favoured Russia.

This, in their own words, is why saying. "At. the moment prices of Stalin, place.

primary products are rising steadily, of the Yalta alone.

DECEMBER 2, 1946. The Birth the dollar buys less and less

much to our own disadvantage, for Club, survived..

of Bizonia. The merger. of the "When some $7,000 millions of the adverse movement of the fernis. British and American zones of Ger- foreign aid funds are added, to the of trade is the greatest obstacle to. many was announced, and the green supply of money that is bidding for the solution of our balance of pay light was flashed for the full indus- the many commodities in short sup- ments problem."? trial rehabilitation of Western Ger-ply prices of these commodities nu- many. The door was to be left.open turally go higher."

WITHIN a fortnight of the

conference, the first two Once again the Potsdam blueprint Yalta chickens were flying for the "reconstruction of Germany home to roost. Not yet to Geron a democratic and peaceful basis" many, but to liberated Rumania depended on the continued unity of

the victors. Once again disappoint and Poland.

ment lay ahead.

8. H.

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