1948-07-24 — Page 4

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*4 never touched him, I tell you. All I told was, 'I've come to register /**

120 m.p.h.

#ZIONE!

-and they say it's all done by dimples...

by BERNARD WICKSTEED

WHAT are they serving at Wimbledon now!

What are they hitting at Lord's?

What are the golfing, men driving from lees?, And the skittle teams bouling on boards).

WHAT do the hockey girls bash at toith stłoke P.

And others belabour, from horses? What do they corner and kick on the fluida?

And bunker and slice on the courses?,

When the cover is new and rough they can be placed more accurately than when it is smooth and wom.

WHAT do they pot in a daltards' room! And Eton boys throw at a wall? What's the most beaten-up obfect on earth?

There's only one anster. A ball

ARDON the poetry, but it is an in- spiring subject this, when you think what has been done to the ball since. Grat a child found that a pebble would roll.

P

I don't suppose any other discovery has given more enjoy ment "to mankind. There are pictures of ball games on. An- cient Egyptian m'onuments. They are mentioned by Homer, And even in the Bible "Isaiah shows a knowledge of games when he says: "He will...turn and toss thee like a ball."

What set me thinking of all this was the window of a sports shop in Holborn where they have fourteen different types of playing balls on vlow. For the fun of it I went in and asked an assistant how much it would cost to buy one of each kind.

We worked it out at something Like 19 depending on quality, and it would have needed n van to take them away. They ranged from u 12lb medicine ball at 00s, to a table tennis ball for 4d.

Then-golf

OLF balls do better in an uneven G

coat, too. They wouldn't go half as for It they didn't have those dimples on the cover.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1948.

POLI

A new force has entered British politics- the Public Opinion Surveys. How do they work? How accurate are they? This article analyses their development and possibilities.

BUSINESS

NEW current arises in the It was Edmund Burke who uttered turbid flow of British the classic definition, of an MP's

rights and responsibilities in 1774: politica. For the first unbiased opinion, his mature time the polls of public opinion judgment, he ought not to sacrifice influence the highest counells to you (the voters), to any man or of the land as a topic of out any set of men living. There are a standing national importance trust from Providence, for the abuse is debated.

of which he is deeply answerable. Your representative owes you his judgment; and he betrays, Instead of serving you if he sacrifices it to your opinion."

The Commons vote to sus pend the death penalty. The Lords condemn that decision as Ill-advised, a threat to public safely and, above all, against the wishes of the people Opinion polls are quoted to support the view of the Lords against the Commons,

But Edmund Burke had no op- portunity of gauging public opinion necurately. Would he have modified his dictum in the light of the opinion polls? Certain it is that no Member of Parliament to-day, however in dependent his judgment, can afford to disregard the results of the poils

SAMPLE RESULTS

Says Lord Samuel: "The Gul- lup polls are often extraordin-entirely. arily revealing of the mood of the people." He cites figures from Gallup poll taken in June last year which showed that 68 per cent approved the retention of the death penalty.

place If the debate had taken

Samuel threa days

Lord later, would have been able to

quote startling figures. For even more the Daily Express Poll of Public Opinion revealed that a poll taken during the previous fortnight show ed 77 out of every 100 people in the country opposed to the abolition of the death penalty.

convince a

So all the arguments put forward by the opponents of the death penal- ty in the Commons had failed to majority of the nation that this is a good time to experi- ment with the pubile safety. Indeed, the polls show that opinion was hardening in favour of the retention of hanging.

THE MP's DUTY THIS conflict between the Com- mons and the people is certain to renew the age-long controversy over the duty of an MP to his con- stituents.

OR there is no doubt about the accuracy of the polls. They are conducted on scientifle lines. The pollsters work on the theory, proved by results, that a small representative sample of the adult population will reveal what the public is thinking on any particular subject, just as a small sample of blood will reveal to an analyst the blood group of

owner.

the

by Charles CROSSLEY

Thus, for one recent large-scalo survey the population was divided Into Ave groups according to the status of the Income and occupational

head of the household. Group A estimated to cover five per cent of the population, was over £1,000 a

year.

Group D. with 55 per cent. comprised the bulk of the working people, corning £223-£350 a year.

Interviewers are warned not to

treat these categories as rigid. Since

the war the polls have found that opinion is coloured to an Increasing extent by occupation rather than Income. A young bank clerk may start by earning less than £350 n. year, but he will still be classified in a higher category.

worked Similar percentages are aut for the other "stratification factors," and eventually instructions go out to interviewers in all parts of the country detailing the exact

income bracket

and number, age, sex of the people they must inter- view In specified localities,

A questionnaire form is completed for each interview, which is then checked by various methods to en- sure that it is accurato; and finally the percentage results are computed.

From the development of this technique a whole new Industry has been born.

Statisticlans have proved to the satisfaction of other statisticians PARTIES WATCH that an accurate sample of two or three thousand people. out of the

and survey's have

whole adult population will only be Toli

helped business executive

subject to an error of up to three per cent. So the problem is: how to find the individual citizens who will represent in miniature the British people as a whole.

From

to plan marketing policy. They have brought the Civil Service more closely in touch with public needs. They have deepened understanding and toleration throughout the country. And they the figures issued by the have certainly given the politicians. Registrar Generni And other something to think about. official statistics the pollsters The day before the General stratify" the population according Election, on July 4, 1948, the Gallup to age groups, sex, area, typs of Poll published a forecast of the vot- locality and income, level combined ing which was accurate within one with occupation,

percent of the actual result.

OUR WOMEN SOLDIERS

BY: SYDNEY REDWOOD

the Battle of Britain. Since 1940,

the operation of these instruments at home has entirely been in the hands of auxiliaries.

Now the polls show that public the opinion has turned against Government, Recently the Daily Express Poll of Public Opinion found that 53 percent of the voters were dissatisfied with the Govern- ment, and 40 percent satisßed. Later the Gallup poll produced a very similar result: 83 per cent dissatisfied and 35 per cent satisfied.

As the Hfe of the present Par- liament runs out, the party managers of Transport House, Abbey House and Gayfere Street will be watching the polls with increasing excite- gnin the first rellable ment

to

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KEPLERA

There is

T the outbreak of World Kine-Theodolite operators with War Two, there were only their weird German "cameras," This five jobs open to women in the checks the results of gunfire by indications of how the nation will

photographing shellbursts and ma-vote at the next General Election. Auxiliary Territorial Service, thematical calculations, plays an which is soon to be renamed the important part in the training of Women's Royal Army Corps. gunnery teams at AA practice camps. They could work £8 cooks. and proved of vital Importance in clerks. orderlies, storewomen or drivers. But, by the end of 1913, so efficient and versatile had they proved that they total- led 212,000, and their duties ́ex.

Shoeburyness Experimental. Gun- tended into many fields hitherto nery Establishment provided a con- open only to men. They were tingent dressed in blue reefer jackels to be found working in some and white shirts to show how they work on new weapons and ammuni- eighty trades, some requiring test, check and carry out research the very highest qualifications, tion. Their distinctive outfit is not such as armourers, fitters, wire- the New Look in A. T. 9. fashions; less operators and draughts- it is actually based on the traditional One Arm made some tests with

women. In some activities, men uniform of the men they replaced dimples and found they should be About one-thousandth of an inch were almost entirely replaced and is designed to make them con- spicuous at diatorice, since much deep. A ball with a pattern like by anxiliaries, as in the Army of their work lies in front of guns. that can be hit 281 yarda with the Blood Transfusion Service, Incidentally, officers in this unit have where 90 percent of the stuff science degrees, and auxillaries, matriculation standard mathematics.

"Al full speed"a golf ball travels at 120 miles per hour and spins at 3,000 revolutions a minule. It is this spinning that makes the dim- ples so important. They drag the air round with them, and build up "lift in much the same way as an aircraft.

same force that it takes to send an almost smooth one only 146 yards.

If the dimples are too deep the ball will fly higher but not go so

far.

were women.

The coming of peace has not banished the need for the A. T. S. Though the Service and is scope The first golf balls were made of have naturally contracted, the au- Toxillaries are still the mainspring of leather stuffed with feathers.

many technical branches, and have make one you took enough feathers

now woven themselves into the very to fill a top hat and boiled them down to the right size.

fabric of the British Army.

First-tennis

Up to 1946 the core of the modern UIERE isn't time to look into the golf ball was often made of toploca yes, the stuff children eat. When histories and peculiarities of

Mr Strachey heard about this he had them all, but let's consider three of

the practice stopped and saved from tho most topical. In honour Wimbledon we'll take the tennis the wicked golfers no less than forty tons of tapioca a year-enough to variety first.

make half a million fair-sized pud- dings.

of

The most notable thing about them l their temperament. Their char- acters change with the weather and parts of the world where, they are being hit

They love altitude, 'and bounce hitier on tennis courts in John- nesburg (5,60ort. above sea level) than they do in

Wimbledon (156- ft.) higher on top mountain ot than at the sea- sido.

What do manufacturers now use instead? Three of the possible alter- natives are honey, treacle, and good nourishing alout.

Courses

What next?

Plotters, radio-location operators, telephonists and others

from A.T.5. Territorial team in a.R.A. mix- ed regiment "manned" anti-aircraft predictor equipment, and explained with much patience and good humour the intricacies of the latest range- Just how far the A. T. S. have anders and identification telescopes. since the Service was In a model signal office, telephone travelled started on a part-time basis during swlichboards, teleprinters and moni- the stirring and anxious days of the toring recorders clicked, buzzed and Munich crisis, with weekly evening hummed with smooth, efficiency. drills and brief summer camps, and Stores destined for tropical climutes the role they play now that they were expertly packed in the Don-. Depol section, have become a permanent part of nington Ordnance

the Forces of the Crawn, was re- which also displayed on auxillary's cently demonstrated to the British trousseau and a fetching line in bush

a public at Horsley Hall, one-time hats.

(Continued on Page·14) residence of Earl Wavertree nad pre- sent headquarters of the Drivers and Clerks Training Centre.

NE. NE of the troubles with golf balls now is they are so much better than they used to be that many are becoming too easy.

10-weeks That's why the Americans have in- the standard size from They also pre- crensed fer summer to 1.62ins, to 1.68ins. winter and Ano

The only real solution is to build. new golf courses. But then, I

sup- pose, some idiot would come along with a fet-propelled hall.

The idea is that the bigger golf weather to bad. ball will have more wind resistance

All this cont- and not go so far. plicates tennis in many ways. If you come from a hot country or a mountainous one you find, when you reach the Centre Court that your pet shots don't come off the ground as they did at home. The altitude of the court and the state of the barometer are things that no one can remedy, but before a big tournament all the. tennis balls to be used are out in a refrigerator st and kept at 68 degrees Fahrenheit

JESTS AND

JEERS

A gossip writer says that men prefer girls to have a fresh com- plexion. But not too often!

At this Centre, sheltering in a love- ly wooded valley midway between Wrexham and Chester, where Prin- cess Elizabeth was once trained, four hundred girls are taught every year to drive staff cars, ambulances and lorries up to three-ton trucks; their course also, including thorough instruction in maintenance work. Another 000 are turned into a variety of clerks--General duty; office machine operators, bookkeepers, obligations, you can hear the report When some men discharge their tabulators, checkers, touch typlats, for miles around. shorthand writers, surveyors, clinical, and what have your

A pessimist Ja a man to whom an optimist owes money.

•

Then there's the girl who wants to But the parents, relatives, and un-marry, a sailor and rear admirals, committed citizens who turned up in A merchant stated in his will

want six of my creditors for battalions at Horaloy's annual "Open working

Day" saw much more than a few pallbearers-they have carried me recruits hammering out "flash" and so long they may as well finish the "dad" on special keyboards, or some job." “very business-like Trousered, youDr. women running motor convoys with CARDOR PAT. S. work were

precision. All aspects or of

In cricket. evolution le the other way round. The ball is getting smaller. In 1927 the cir- conference was reduced by 3/18ths of an Inch, and now Jarding in com- paigning to havm

At Taila smaller

Flo niya. It will help bowlers to so that they will 'at least start vil at hanh thi hut A far as the Aug

Kallam haqdane ne concerned this danon't seem to be necessary..

the same temperaturo.

“Do you know what reward girls

your type #st?? "Yeah, I've read It In books," "What books?" "Cheque books.

featured, with teams from all over Beltain demonstrating their. par- ticular technical proficiency with Overheard at the airport. The kind of coat they liavo ong Things havo Fono a long way, complicated and delicate equipment. "Oh ho's with the customs makosa difference-to-their-be- haven't they sinna that prehistoric ! From the School of Anti-Aircraft | people. He'll-only-ba: five minutes haviour. They like to be smart, child set the first bail rolling?

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