1947-08-16 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1947.

WEATHER USED E TO WAGE WAR

:

German U-boats operating in thu. North Atlantic depended throughout the war on isolated

· weather stations manned, by a few scientists or technicians especially trained for that job.

The Germans. £t ong time or another, esta-: blished at least 13 and perhaps many moro of these weather stations, Dr Brian Roberts, of tho Boott Folar Research Institute at Cambridge,' told the United Press in'an interview. All were in the Arctic or sub-Arctic.

By a compilation of Intelligence reports and through investigations of the Institute, Dr Roberts definitely located the 13.

he

"But this list is probably incomplete," said. "We are getting in inore information all the time."

One of the most unusual of these stations was the "weathership" Sachesen, which through- out 1940 lurked at sea between Iceland and Greenland, broadcasting weather Instructions to submarines preying on North Atlantic shipping.

"It's remarkable how long that ship operat ed," said Dr Roberts. "But of course that was. before the days of convoy escort carriers."

Aerial reconnaissance put an end to such voyages. But, besides the floating stations, the Germans established at least 12 land stations, and maintained some of them until the end of the

war.

•

Four of them were on Greenland. The earliest known was built at Sabine Island, at about 20 degrees West and 76 degrees North, on Greenland's east coast. The Sabine Island

atation was operated from 1942 to 1943, when it was "liquidated" by an American patrol."

Promptly the Germans established another, the time on Shunnon Island. a few miles to the north of Sabing Island. This station was separated from 1943 to 1844, when it, too, was wiped out. The Germans then esta- blished a third station off. Denmark's Havn

In September 1944, and a fourth at Hayn itselt in October of the same year.

Meanwhile, they had been operat- Ing others: When the war began they

founded a small station pt tiny, Isolated Jan Mayen Island.

between Greenland and Norway at about eight degrees West 71 degrees North. This is the island an Oxford

group left cosmic ray recorders on before the war. An expedition left England lost month to

them. men

recover

The German station оп Jan

Mayen operat:d in 1930 and 1940,

} when I was taken care of by a

British patrol.

Another weather station was

founded at Bear

Island, between

North Cape and Spitzbergen, and

operated in 1939 and 1940,

at

Four stations were operated different times on Spitzbergen 11- self. One, nt Krossfjarodn

wis

in use from 1941 to 1943. second and third at Rinsdrleya and Ripf→ Jorden respectively, were used in 1943 and 1044. A fourth, at Storm- bukta, was set up in 1944 and used until the end of the war.

went

The persistent Germans back to Bear Island in 1945 and re

established their station, maintain

it until well into 1845.

inf

AL

pe. East

Sea

Infinitesimal Hope, or degrees North, they-set up a station which lasted for two years. from 1943 until the end of the war

They had also built a station on Russion territory, on Alexandra Land, Routhwesterly island of Franz Joset archipelago. Weather experts worked here from 1013 to 1944.

Horse, Island, 25 degrees En 76

*

'This is Mr. Clovor-man's idoa-'Whore shall we go this year to got away from

it all?' wo askod him. Tibat,' he said

Sefton Delmer

reaches the Village of Terror

Uncle Sam must

marry the

STIFF white paper collar and a dark. double-breasted suit with delicate pin- stripe will cuss as natty gent's wear when reporting C:e Moscow Conference. - ·

But, believe me, it is not the most suitable or the most comfortable costume if you are. trying to get the low-down or Greece high up in the Macedonian mountains.

However, the amount of luggage a reporter can carry around Europe witr him is limited. And that is why paper-chase enthusiasts will find a long trail of wilted and discarded collars awaiting them in, North-Eastern Greece.

me

It leads all the way from Larissa (where the Greek Air Force Anson airplane set the

down), through Trikkala and, Kalabaka, to the little village of Agiophyllon perched on a ledge of the Hasia mountains.

to

"Most of the Germans who man- ned these stations were experienced Arctic explorers, well known British Arclic experts," Dr Roberts said. "It was sort of a meeting of old acquaintances when they were caught, because we sent our Polor specialists out after them.

"I should like to emphasise, how ever, that our list is still far from complete. It will be published by the Institute when We nssembled all the data."--United Fress.

have

girl!

KALABAKA

GREEC

TRIKKALA

RISSA

✪ The plight of the mountain village of Aglophyllon mirrors the plight of GREECE: "The U.S.A gooka to moko. It a barrior against Communism Russla banks on constant disorder to make the Greeks eager to accept peace from any quarter.”

Was,

The Guilds Of The City Of London: No. 5

THE

LEOPARD

and THE LION

By BARRY PEAK

T has been said that tradi- Mary youths.ora haing appren-

trada,

The story of the Goldsmiths Company is a narrative which tells how tradition is turned to good effect im modern times.

tleed to the silver and jewellery trades from the age of 10 yours.. This apprenticeship is for four yeGIS, each apprentice has to be sponsored and what is known

and

Do.

did

tion is an integral part of British life. With regard to the Guilds of the City of Lon- don this is true, for they have been in existence for many cen-, "bound" at traditional ceremony turies and today have an, im- at the Goldsmiths' Hall. The boy's portant bearing, on British father and employer have to

at the ceremony, which, prenent at Lakes place today just an it years ago. At the termination of apprenticeship, the youth is bound: as a Freeman of the Company, which, entitles him to all its privileges.

Much thought is given today th the education; and questions of The Goldsmiths' Company, which Goldsmiths' Company, the Board of received its first. Royal Charter lo Trade and the Council of Industrial co-operation

and 1327, was granted the title of The Design work in close

for the of Wardens and Commonalty

encouragement therance of new (dens. Plana Mystery of Goldsmiths of the City also in hand for on international' of London" r. 1402. For many exchange of students and appren- centuries, the Company has associat tees, and this is to be made possible ed itself with the precious. metul Industries and uses. Its influence to by special issue of travel grants. maintain an exceedingly high stati dard of fineness in gold and silver wares, as well as for the coinage of the Realm.

the

Charitable Works

fur-

nre

ut the

with its scholarship holders

time purchasing their work and,

THE charitable works of the Gold- smiths' Company pre many and The assay and hall-marking of warted. Scholarships and grants are gold and silver wares, produced both given at the Central School of Arts In Britain and Imported, from abroad, and Crafts in London and takes place under Statutory Birmingham and Sniffleld school of Authority at the Assay Ofice at the art. It is also the considered polley touch Goldsmiths" Hill. In the City of of the Company to keep in

-by London.

has This Assay Omee functioned for a considerable and is, today, an important, historical selected outstanding cases of incrit. by honouring them with admission Company, to the Freedom of Muen exquisite work has been donu by those who began their careers as to tho fine metal HE law requires that no gold or ppprentices

silver plate shall be sold until industries, and today the Goldsmiths it has been hal-murked, and both Company owns plate which is both manufacturers and Importers of plate of great value and rare beauty.

Before World War 11 n

4 valuable bring their geeds to the Assay Office.

of allver plate It.

custom.

Requisite Hall-Mark THE

the

was

and

this

was"

And there they were

now, the 1:uple of Agiophyllon, standing In the shade of leafy old almond tree, men in rough patched and re- patched Jodhpurs and coats, picks, axes and hoes in their hands; the women, their gaunt faces half cover- ed by heavy black headcloths, the If these goods are proved by test to collection children clutching their rough home-be up to standard, they are marked loaned to the New York Fair, with the prescribed marks for gold it is interesting to learn that spun black and red skirts.

of 22, 18, 14 or carats, or for plate recently has been returned sterling

(.925), or new sterling (858) dritain. During the war it silver Plate marked at the Gold- kept in the Museum of Fine Arts at plate Yale. Incidentally, plate belonging smiths Hall, except foreign

to the Savoy Chapel in the Strand imported since 1004, is stamped with has also been returned from America. a leopard's head, the oldest

During the war this plate as mark.

was cared for by the American

D. service The only other exception is the people, and after new sterling or Britannia's standard consecration Was

kept in Cathedral of St. John the Divine which silver (instituted in 1600) bears the lion's head erased, figure New York. of Britannia and date letter. gold standards (with the exception of foreign, imported since 1909) include the leopard's head.

They were listening to young, energetic Constantin Tsakos, District Governor, who had come up from

Trikkala with me.

Tsakas made an admirably simple speech, in which he told the villa gers everyone in Greece was free to But If people say what he liked. took up arms against the Govern- ment they were outlaws and traitors. 'We want peace'

He explained the amnesty to them, promised that any bandit who gave himself up would go free pro- vided he was not guilty of murder. He asked them what they needed for the village.

Offenders

hall-

All

well

the at

Lucklly, the Goldsmiths Hallis one of the Company Halls that wos tnemy aerial not destroyed in the blitz. Although badly damaged, ki

the still stands in Foster Lanc, in ....heart of the City of London.

NEXT WEEK: The Skinners' Company

one

or

Aviles of the Company is that N interesting legal side to the

It is authorised to prosecute offenders against the plate laws, such as those who are guilty of forging hall-marks, transposing hall-mark from ware to another, making unauthorls. Then began the requests. One ed additions to Hall-marked wares, man naked that the village or selling warts below standard, should be given a lorry: And unmarked, thea another said, "Either keep the army Here for good or give arins. If the army leaves, and e have no arms It will all start gain. We want pence; we want is be able to work in peace."

But that's the trouble. present dispositions the Greek Army neither intended for nor capable of policing the villages.

RUSSIA'S

JAP 5TH

COLUMN

יז

The Goldsmiths' Company also has an important duly

in to perform connection with colnoge.. Under the Russia is trying to build up Coinage Act, it is provided that the a fifth column in Japan of Com- Omcers of the Mint shall place in munist-trained Japanese, says the Pyx or Mint: Box. specimens of

from 1281

London

coins

trained: secret.

the gold and silver coins of Imperial the United Press Tokyo corres- Currency issued from the Mint, and pondent. Under

have that an Independent Jury of Gold. **The Russlans smiths shall examing these

5,000 Japanese to act as each year to ascertain that they are agents," the correspondent says.

im weight and that the correct

The Japanese, who are being re- But, city gent martyrdom The mood in which I found the..

metal has the

proper degree of This task has to be left to the though it

I do

fineness. The origin of the Trial of patriated from areas which the Rus not villagers of Agiophyllon was pro-

elans overran, are expected to play regret this trip. As I jolted bably typical of what most Northern aumerically insuficient gendarmerie, the Pyx la, however, lost in ant-

an important part in Russia's under ground organisation. That is, provided those Greek along the road, painfully plung. Greece peasants feel,

who, as a consequence of the long quity-the first known writ dates years in which they have been at-

Among the Communist converts Army patrols I met strolling ing from one pot-hole into For the last two years sporadic tacked by Left-wing terrorists, have Until 1900 only coins produced in are former soldiers as well as clu!=

between been going on

the Royal Mint in developed a vendetta spirit incom- along the roads, searching for another for mile after mile, and war has

were lians.

"Somo from Manchuria and examined, but since this date Trials mines laid by Communist bands watched long convoys of British munist Partisans, who want to se-

Government authorities and Compatible with the impartiality needed have not swept the collars away lorries belonging to the Greek parate this region from Greece and

for the democratic pacification of of Imperial coins issued from ever-Siberia, have had two years' Com-

seas, mints have taken place.

munist training.

"Japanese who joined the Russians by now with their British mine Army doing the same, I began foin it to the Yugoslav federation.

Today, the Goldsmiths Company received much better treatment than

who chose to The aciny, who have got Imparti- co-operates with the Board of Trade those

remain in detector equipment.

to get a clearer appreciation of When I jogged into the village it the problems that face Presi- was just two days since-for the thality, are fully occupied in carrying and the Ministry of Education, both prisoner of war camps.

out one cumbrous encircling move- In the organising and taking part in "Unless the converts omong re. dent Truman.:

time in two years-it had changed ment

detected, after another, uimed at home and international exhibitions patriated Japanese are rounding up all the Partisans in one.teresting to note that the Company's opinion.

of modern industrial art. It is in- they may strongly influence, public area, capturing or killing thom,

collection of modern work has form-The Japanese people will Ilsten then moving on

ed the nucleus for all International to any plan which promises to km- exhibitions in the last 20 years. prove their living conditions."

BY THE WAY

by Beachcomber

ranean.

hands.

Greece.

His plan is. f'o make Greece

Communist Resistance had rule on economie, moral and strategis barrier against the spread of Com- during and immediately after the

But they hardly ever get any of munism into the Eastern Mediter war. Then in October 1945., the

rendarmes had come. The Partisare, the Communist elite. Their victims.. like those I saw in Trikkala, are after exchanging shots with the mostly peasant lads who plead-and And there is one thing I now teel gendarmes, went into the mountains. the Greek authorities accept their used their society Give us "Hearts and Flowers." The certain about; those 300,000,000 dol- In February. 1940 the gendarmes plea that the Communists gave "TOUTS who

apsociations to inspire confidence,"

two men nervously raised the lars (£75,000,000) President Tru- left. Down camo ti Partisart, them the alternative of behaving as is one description given of

instrument-and the cumbersome agents of the currency rings. It sotida like the old days when there was always a foreiz nobleman or two on a pleasure cruise.

He lost a Httle money at cards Do piensantly that when he won a little more (so apologetically, he was asked to spend a fortnight at the Manor, where he soaked one and all good and proper. The currency louts pick out o trusting little lady and one says to the other, in her hearing: Only the

"other", day, the Prince sald” lo mej

[the "Duchess .ff. dá

Baron, you are dead in Of

us

in dle. I'd land her a thousand with-

out security."";

Not quite genuine

AS

AS the woman said when she got loot from her touring party and was okered anslatance by a glossy haleedpine in the palm court: "My dear, 1 knew he wasn't a reel Visscount" when he picked his car win a' match and no apology to me." Music and drink

617"

they tilted it out poured a stream man has coaxed out of Congress for killed two villagers, and retook the of brandy. "Nice going." said the Greece (another hundred millions go village. official. "Do you two play much?" to Turkey) will not go very far.

The men maintained a sulky silence, There will have to be many more. while the official hummed: "Drink millions to follow. It lovely Miss to me only wi-ith thy trombo-one, Hollos is to be made respectable and rnd I will pledge with mine." As Rossini said to his mother when she secure, Uncle Sam is not going to poured him a goblet of Orvieto: get away with just a mink coat. He

Andante, ma non troppo" ("Steady, has got to marry the girl, j ma, go easy with 11").

Nothing doing

Partisans v. Army

to

"good democrats" and joining the Partisans, or

of being treated as "Fascist traitors."!

Unless the Greek Army is doubled 200,000 men, as Foreign Minister Traldaris told me he would Eke it would cost-or the present lumbering force is turned into highly mobile. unlis capable of beating the guerilas, I cannot see what is going to prevent the Partisans continuing their present tactics.

BUT the army reappeared before to be--and think of the dollars that

the Murch election. The Partigas went back into the mountains, and called on the village to boycott the polls. Sixfy percent of the villagers voted all the same

They con-

scated the cattle of the dis- obedients.

The warning is written in broken bridges blown up by Communist bands in their spring offensive, goats After the election the army retired AN applitation by the Basic English feeding in deserted vineyards; tatter- and the Partisans re-established

people for permission to translate some behind barbed wire in pri themselves once mere. the "List of Huntingdonshire soners behind barbed wire in Trike Cabmen" has been refused. There kala, peasant refugees in Kalabaka ennnot be anything more basle than afraid to return to the villages from the name of a Huntingdon cabman. Even the Gnu Spelynge crowd gave which they had been driven cut by up after converting Trickleton E. N. Communist Bands. into Trikkelin. Ee Ean. Security measures

A

The

message

same

In October 1040 the army cok over. The Partisans went into the mountains until February this year, when the army was again with drawn.

Bandit power

THE International observer corps, which will probably be set up by UNO to watch the Gresk fron- tlers, will not provent the army having to leave Aglophyllon once more, or Zaralia coming down from the mountains to overlord and ter rorise the village when

they do. HEAR that bur Secret Police are

While the bandita

able to aro be provided with small A message: "The US. Congress is thut is the name of the local leader and asbotage the

LL this spelled out the

Once more Zaralis and his men-blow up bridges, dynamite dredgers cameras with which to photograph going to be very, very red nf appeared, telling them, as he had Greece, even the closest control construction of any cheques wo cash. Any Greece before it is through with It" done so often before, that this time of the Greek administration und householder may be called on at any

they were here for good. moment to account for his week's Soviet policy-makers are banking

finanças by U.S. experts is not going Two men staggering under the expenditure. If he falls to do so, his on this, and on wearing down the But two days Zaralla, eight men

weight of a trombone made the holiday, and that of his family, will Greek public by constant civil dis- Customs officials suspicios, Play be stopped. There is no other way order and economic disruption until tains with all the food they could

and three girls escaped to the moun us a bar or two," said an official, of stopping people doing as they they are so desperately anxious for carry "We are only amateurs mid the please, sodan oficial of the peace and stability... that they will Tho-army-once more otcupled taller of the two men. "Never mind. Ministry.

I accept it from any quarter:

Aglophyllon.

to

to prevent Grece being a very tire

Now who is going to chase those rome and costly proposition,

you suggest? Well, there's never any paper collars of mmo? Mr Zaralis,

knowing in Macedonia.

DAVID LANGDON CARTOON

"Keep takin' maps of each other all day, and

'goin' to be a housing site:

3