1941-09-05 — Page 4

Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 5, 1941.

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HONGKONG SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN

THE SOCIETY ASKS YOR

$32,000

in 1941 to meet the Increasing needs of sick and denitute children in Hongkong, against which the- Ineuma to date is $23,000 only,

In order to continue its work, the Society up- peale for the balance of

$3,000

*

before the close of the financial 'year on Bist Delober.

The number of chlidren assisted last year was

5,100.

Han. Treasureras-

Mr. A. McKellar. C.A.

c/o Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co.,

P, & O. Building,

Mr. Kwak Chan,

c/o The Banque de L'indo-Chine,

HONG KONG.

27th August, IMI,

·Telephone' 21T1

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Stubbs Rond

The

Hongkong Telegraph.

PEASANTRY: KEY TO

CHINA'S

and

FUTURE

By Hugh Deane

War has brought numerous complications to the Chinese scene-stresses and strains which are vital to an understanding of the political situation in the country. At Chung- king and in the interior, Mr Deane, who wrote for the "Christian Science Monitor," has had ample opportunity to watch these developments.

arg

capital a year: now cach mow requires about $150. Unless counternctive mensures adopted, experts have warned. the credit shortage will ultim- ately entail a decline in agricul- tural production.

..

About 50 per cent of Chinese peasants are tenants, 25 per cent part-tenants and 25 per cent independent owners. Most (and the best) land is owned by a small group of landlords, who are powerfully represented in the Kuomintang.

TRUCK Design!

The growing divergence TRUCK Engineering!

between the status of the pensantry in the guerilla TRUCK Power!

areas of North China, where TRUCK Porformance ! the Communists are power- ful, and the status of the ALL INCORPORATED IN

peasantry In Kuomintang-

Central controlled South China, is regarded by many observers as one of the mujor conditioning fac- Lora of Chinese politics. chim admit that the "Red- Central and South China have Before the war high rent, Many see in it an underlying bandita" are more firmly in come as a result of the infintion, exorbitant taxes and usurious The cheapering of the currency Interest rates, coupled with cause of the recent clashes trenched than ever, between the Kounintang The basis of the guerilla has enabled debt-ridden pensants floods, drought and the disas movement in North Ching has to pay up. The general effect trous effects of the world de- and the Communists, and bon a sumber of political and of the inflation, however, has pression, generated a marked consider it one of the most commle reforms calculated to not been to cause a basis for re- trend to concentration of land important problems which ach the loyalties of the pea- form but to fortify the status

Mabia. Guerilla Kovernments . In the first place, the vast ownership and tenancy. An in- Phone 27770-0 victorious China wattld have been established →→ the majority of peasants produce creasing, amount of land went larsenal of them, the Shanai. only enough for subsistence and out of cultivation, and China, have to face.

Topel-Charbar Border Guvern- rent-in a semi-feudal economy reputedly a great agricultural These observers point out ent, control the rural areas of the rent automatically approx-country, had to import rice. 90 baien (counties) with a po males what the pensant pro- Thousands of peasants were that in the long run the ntion of 10,000,000-in which duces above what his family re- forced off the land-a source of peasantry has always been that have been recorded pires to subst-and the value cheap labour in the cities, of

certain democratic rights. The of money, therefore; Is of rela banditry and Communism, the most powerful deter- vilinge chiefs and loent at halen tively little Importance. Second-

Conflict Foresoon minant of Chinese politics, int, which some observers hold duced to tenancy, few are able councils are elected by the penny, while fewer peasants are re-

Excellent crops just before Throughout Chinese history, to be an importual experiment to improve their position by pur-

in democracy. The widespread chasing land, for land values are and just after the war some- when economic conditions organisation of pet anions, equal to or above the general what alleviated the situation-

price level.

though rice imports continued. TIFF Prene "Njerial to the Telegraph" became intolérable, a rising furthermore, in given the pen-

The extremely poor rice crop of In another respect inflation Inst year-in 1940 rice imports peasantry doubled-which caused the price revealed that the "heavenly Charhar Border Region lane adversely-It has decreased the of rice to quintuple itself in

1,000,000 peasants are reportes supply of cheap credit. In re- three months, has led some ob the filled Press Averiation, who mandate" of the ruling to have been unionlsel, cent years the Central Govern servers to believe that the long

dynasty had been exhausted. Modorato Programme of rural credit societies to supply China's creaking

ment has established thousands war han further dislocated semi-feudal The lenders of the revolt

penants with loans at an annual agrarian economy, and that un- would ultimately succeed in granume based on that of Sun interest of about 10 percent less realistic reforms are carried establishing a new dynasty, Yat-sen has been carried out. A low compared with rates obtain out portentous political conflicts 25 percent reduction in rent, a able from money-lenders which will develop from the increasing- and the process of recon-cardinal point in Sun's pro- average 25 or 30 percent. ly restless villages,

But it was found that even at stitution and change would gramme, has been widely en-

Latest statistics, admittedly forced. Land belonging to land- best the credit available was in rough, seem to show that the again commence to unfold. lords who fled to Japanese sufficient to go around and much trend towards concentration of occupied areas has been divided of the money went to well-to-do land ownership and tenancy has Streamlined Version up among the poor peasants, peasants or landlords who re- continued since the war, despite The authorities have encouraged lent it at usurious rates-a sam the retarding effect of inflation. A streamlined version of the establishment of agricul- ple survey in Shensi revealed. an old-style peasant e- tural and industrial co-opera- that only 2 per cent of cheap The future seems to promise tives, which have developed far credit went to tenants, who need a conflict. peaceful or violent. bellion is now going on in more in guerilla areas than else it most. Faced with inflation between the war-born peasant north China, slightly dis- where.

and more urgent financial de- rebels of North China and the While North China's semi-mands, the Government last fall agrarian conservatism of the guised as guerilla warfare. Rebellion was implicit in the feudal society cannot be said to decreed that funds allocated for Kuomintang: This conflict is have been altered fundamental- rural credit would be reduced. apt to be the first issue con- situation caused by the war. ly, the peasantry has acquired And because of the inflation fronting a victorious China-if

increased political power.

more credit is needed than for it can be so long sublimated. The Japanese invasión re-

merly. Before the war each At the root of Kuomintang- The main signifleant changes mow of land (a mow is one-sixth Communist clashes are two at- leased a revolt which had

In the status of the peasants in of an acre) required about $15 titudes towards the peasantry.

Friday, Sept. 5, 1941.

Wynithium 51, Hongkong Telopíme: 20018

be need by the "Hangkung Telegraphef to

pravicians of

tinder the twins at fir lly copyright tide of peasant rebellionis try new source of pollient

power. In the Shans-Hopel- has affected the

estion Dedinance. 18inch Hewan

fernts, the IndienDon "tip" in znerlynd In Honchang on the date of pullleation bø

rights and forbid

other whole or in part without previous

Arcangement.

MOTIF OF VICTORY

BEETHOVEN did not know the Morse code, But he wrote in It. By the aleeren) and yet most appropriate colncidence possible, he employed RS 11 rhythmic pattern in the first movement of his Fifth Sym-

any phony what

telegrapher would recognize as the Morse symbol for the letter V.

There are

two coincidences here, one of them obvious and of no importance. The letter V is the Roman equivalent of the figure 5, but what matters more is that V has become in France and other occupied countries £1 symbol of ultimate victory over

the Nazi terror. It is written long-been-smouldering. Tho on walls and elsewhere to entch very fact that the North the eye of Nazi overacers. It is China peasant took up arms ubiquitous. So many V's have to defend his village chang-

appeared as to suggest Bome

zort of underground organian-ed his status and made him tion.

an unconscious bearer of Now, like an increasingly the torch of agrarian revolu- unruly child, V is not only going tion. For when the peasant

to be seen but heard. For vic-

A moderate agrarian pro-

PRIVATE LIFE

OF A PRIVATE WHAT'S

A further instal- ment from the diary of a journal- ist who is now a soldier.

tims of Nazi ambition are now guerillas began to fight they learning to spell it out in dots began to demand reforms to and dashes: dol-dot-dot-dash. fight for. At the very be- They can even sing or whistle ginning the leadership of world's most familiar symphony. the peasants was acquired Board holds the daily news of

it, to the first four notes of the

A

IN GAME?

E stand about the shrick of laughter. 'Lotto! "Why, I've sat and listened to Weil Board outside Lotto! Lotto, corblimey-Lol- a Lotto game for hours in peace

time. There's an Army name for the Lotto numbers, from And he dances away, lifting Kelly's Eye to Blind Nine.”

the Company Office. The Detail to!"

if Frenchmen do this as often by the Communists and such the Company. It tells the sol- imaginary skirts and kicking

paony's first movement, which

is based on a constant reitera- tional Salvationists. tion of dot-dot-dot-dash motifs, one set overlaying another ́in crescendos sometimes expressive

Agrarian Movement Chinese Communism is quite of an increasing fury, As of essentially an agrarian move- suppressed peoples.

ment. The Communists have

the floor," you scrub,

as sentiment prompts they will groups as the Shansi Sacri-dier what he has to do.... his ammunition boots in an un- "What's Kelly's Eye?" reproduce most of the sym-fice League and the Na- It is the Handwriting On The couth can-can.

"Number one. Blind Nine is Wall, It is the Word. If you're

there's Guard- - In the hut, Sergeant Dagwood ninety. Then Detailed to do a thing, you go of Birkenhead is lying down, room Door, which is Four. and do it, right or wrong. This is an industrious, good, Legs Eleven. Unlucky: thir- the Detail says "Go and scrub solid Sergeant, who can shoot teen, of course. And Clickety-

bull the black out of the

It's better at Click: sixty-six. If your name is omitled from countless hundreds of yards and than going to the pictures, and a Detailed list, you rejoice, and take a forty-mile route-march it's a nice harmless game. The Nazis may find them- brought the Northi China

HE WON POUNDS selves in a veritable vortex of peasantry new and improved go and get a ten and a wad at like a walk round the block.

the Naffy, for, once off the De- As the Lad 'skips in, Dagwood "Personally," the Sergeant sounds dearly familiar to Ger- techniques of struggle-tech- tall you cease to exist.

raises a head remarkably like goes on, "I have not come across man ears but I attuned to niques which the Reds acquired To-day, among other things that of George Bancroft and gambling in this Battal.on, Nazi theories.. Beethoven would during 10 years of civil war. in the frame, hangs a strange says, "Something bit you? Or "Gambling is bad among never have been a Nazl. The

have you gone crackers?"

soldiers. It creates ill-feeling. story of his disillusion with. By a shrewd guerilla warfare typewritten notice:

. It has been brought to my

"Soldiers are like a lot of the Japanese control of North

The Lad tells him, the joke. Napoleon is twico to'd: how the

notice that gambling is taking Lotto. Great hairy men play- brothers all good pals. composer had dedicated bla China has been confined to the

place. I have adopted a pro- ing Lotto. Why not Ludo? What's the point in winning "Eroica" Symphony to the mili- big cities and towns and lines of

cedure to stop this, and any

not. Handic-Pandie? your pal's money, or having him tary genius of the French communication. The hinterland

N.C.O. or man caught will be Why Revolution only to destroy the has remained in the hands of severely dealt with. Here- "Fancy u nice game oʻ Ring o' win yours? ledication page when Napoleon the guerillas.

with extract from Regimental Roses?" cries the Lad, gasping "No. The C.O. is quite right for breath. "Or Blind Man's to put his foot down on gam- Standing Orderą:-

cgan to act like a Hitler,

Buff?"

Para. 109. Gambling-The playing of cards, dioc, cle,, WHY NOT?

bling. Cards! Dice! Pahl Un- healthy. Now, a good game of Lotto is nice recreation, and

for money or money's worth "What's the matter with hurts nobody." is forbidden in any part of Blind Man's Buff? It teaches the camp. Card playing is

Beethoven would have been hu The effect of Communist more impressed with Nazi ven- leadership has been to convert ures. One feels he would be typical sporadic peasant upris- tlad to know that the motif ofngs into a widespread, integrat- #fata, knocking at the door," ed guerilla war capable of being

allowed only in the Reorce you to have a sense of direc- "I used to play it when I was. with which his Symphony V waged for years. Despite the

tion Room. The game of tion," says Sergeant Dagwood, a nipper," says the Lad.

"Well, let me tell you some pens, has been turned into a gloomy predictions of many 'Lotto is allowed in campi "And what's up with Lotto?

It's a game like any other game, thing," says Dagwood. "Many's motif of the inevitable knocking military exports, the guerillas

'Specially when the bloke calling the quid I've won playing Loftg Now minously on doors, and windows have already been in the field WHY - LOTTO?

At this, the Lad from the Ele- out the numbers knows the back in peacetime..

then, phy therover, Nazi oppressors pass for three and a half years, and by Christian Science Monitor, Japanese reports from North phant and Castle goes into u army names for 'em.