1941-08-07 — Page 7

Thursday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH-

August 7, 1941.

NANCY

OH, OXIE--- MARMADUKE WANTS - YOU TO COME OVER AND TRY OUT HIS DAD'S PRIVATE BOWLING

ALLEY!

1 NEVER PLAYED-- BUT I'LL TRY!

OH, BOY -- I'LL BET OXIE WILL BE A

WONDERFUL

BOWLER!

AW --- DEM FAT GUYS NEVER HAVE

ANY SPEED!

By Ernie Bushmiller___|

B

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SOME RADIO QUERIES ANSWERED

BY

BBC

By every overseas mail the B.B.C. Engineering Division receives requests for information and advice from listeners to the British short-wave broadcasts. article answers some of the questions most commonly asked:

Wireless waves have frequently been compared with the waves set up in a pond when a stone is thrown into it. If the listener imagines he is stationed somewhere in the pond these waves will pass him with a certain regularity. This regularity is determined first by the speed with which the waves travel outwards, and secondly on the separation between the succes- sive wave cresis.

hoped that as our knowledge of the the bad days will get less and less. behaviour increases the frequency of

So it is with wireless waves. toccisions when the B.B.C. transmis- They occur in the abstract sub-sions are imperfectly received. It is stance known as the ether, which permeates solid objects as well as the atmosphere, and travel outwards from the trans- mitting station just as do the waves in the pond. The speed with which they travel is the

creases

This

once the bearing from north on which

the nertal must be erected,

n.h.C. Overseas Service are design- The aerial actually used for the

beam so that the area covered is not ed, to transmit over a fairly wide

too restricted, while at the same time giving an Improvement over an of signal strength. The centre le omni-directional serial in the matter of the beam is chosen to fall on any; important areas lying in the aren concerned.

Empire Programmes

UFS

DUBLIN CASUALTY-Victim of Nazi air raid on neutral Dublin, Eiro, receives first aid after rescue from debris. Nazis said flier had made mistake and passed pyar wrong territory.

Chinese Held In Manila

4

On Alien Law Charge

tion Law which went into effect on June 23 was filed a week ago The first case in Manila of violation of the Alien Registra

against Loy Foy, a Chinese. The complaint was brought in the Manila Court of First Instance by Assistant Piscal Julio Villamor.TMTM

Why Not Increase Power? The reason for the gaps that divide Theoretically, of course, there is no the four transmission-periods in the reason why the power of a transmit B.B.C. Empire Service is to enable ler should not be put up indefinitely, the engineers to adjust the transmit but it must be remembered that, in ters and other apparatus to the varl- same as the speed of light-tener receives, it is necessary; to In-to take the service to the various order to double the signal the sous wavelengths which are required! 186,000 miles a second,

Frease the power at the transmitter parts of the globe. In a wireless set It will be seen, then, that there is four times. Such a power-increase

change

e of wavelength.

achieved a fixed relationship between the fre- makes little difference in the cost of merely by turning a switch or ad- quency of the waves that is, the operating the transmitting atation justing a knob, but in a short-wave number of wave crests passing a

when the total 1xed

sigall, but in- transmitter, where much power is power is point every second-and the

a great deal when the re-being handled, auch simple switching wave length-that is, the distance glo of

powers is reached. devlees are quite out of the question between the wave crests. The free which, incidentally, explains why the various functions must be car- quency of short waves is usually re-this method of increasing the signal ried out separately, and may involve ferred to in units of inillion cycles strength at the receiver is sometimes quite considerable innnual labour. per second, expressed Me/s', and the referred to us gilt-edged". wavelength is tisttally measured in

A much cheaper

As an example, a simple tuned metres. The wavelength in metres is a good signal at a particular place is occupy a space about the size of

method of giving cireult in a wireless receiver may equal to the figure 300 divided by the to design the transmitter's aerials so jam jar, whereas in a transmitter the frequency in Mc/s. Thus wave-

st

the available energy can bel same circuit would have to be housed length of 30 metres is equivalent to a directed in the best direction. This, on a truck about the size of a bathing failed to register and pro- Loy Foy is charged with hav- frequency of 10 Mc/s, material,

It is im-of course, gives an increase of signal chair. therefore, whether in

A

place at une

vide himself with an alien regis- the

Not only must the circuits in the tration certificate as required by transmission is referred to in metres signal at another, but it

expense of the usually

transmitter be altered every time the or Men since they both mean the found that this causes little difficulty wavelength is changed, but the the Alien Registration Act. Re-

*441 same thing.

owing to the fact that one area will aerials themselves must be switched gistration of foreigners began on require a programme either at over. This often involves switching June 23 and closed on July 21. different time or in a different Ion-processes some distance from the Under the statute, failure to re-

unge, or on a different wavelength transmitter itself as much in any event.

quarter of a mile perhaps and the gister within the period pre- transmissions he receives are some quite a considerable improvinent by distance to perform the operation of not more than Pesos 5,000 The listener, himself can achieve engineer on duty must travel this scribed subjects one to a penalty. times on one wavelength and some putting up a similar-though neces- In addition, switching arrangements fine or an imprisonment of not times on another. For example, a llstener in South Africa,

sarily simpler-aerial, which will re- and marshalling of artists and so on the B.B.C.'s current

current schedule. vilceive best from the direction in must take

more than one year or both. place at the receive a service on the 31 m. band, which the transmitter lies. Informa-source, and the co-ordinating of all programme between 0157 and 0700 G.M.T. on the tion on this subject is contained in a these functions makes short breaks fendant without a registration cer- More than 260 Ameriçan am- 19 m.

band between 0830 and 1000,

inno buoklet entitled "Receiving the in the programme inevitable. on the 13 m. band between 1055 and B.C. Overseas Services" availabic Wavelength Wanders 1340, and on the 10 m. band between

1330,

from the B.B.C. and 1030, and so on. Surely,

Sunetimes listeners tell the B.B.C. a wavelength on which is over- Directions For Transmission seas transmitters are working is apt it is argued, it would be much more convenient if one of these bands were

cover the whole period?tion for the shortest route between wanted station fades out and a neigh chosen

The problem of choosing the diree-set-b

to wander. They say that when the set-has-been-accurately tuned," the Probably every questioner realises two pinces in the world is not 50 bouring station comes in.

transmission

simple as it might appear. If the

The accuracy of the observation is

Wavelengths Altered No doubt at some time or other every overseas listener to B.B.C. pro- granimes has wondered why the

made

the

according to

وا

atmosphere known as the lotosphere. cator's

a,

that u

3% a

American Ambulances In Britain

Useful Services Being Done By The Corps LONDON, Aug. 4 (UP).—

Police authorities found the de-

tificate accidentally, reports thebulances have been operating "Manila Bulletin." Loy Foy was or- rested on a charge of theft and was throughout blitzed Britain for taken being asked to show his registration victims to hospitals, meeting to the city ascal's office. On the past year rushing bomb certinente, Loy Foy admitted he had trains to take sick evacuated none.. Bail for his -provisional-liber-

was fixed at Pesos 1,000.

mothers and children to hos- In the meantime, the registration pitals, removing expectant mo- office of the Bureau of Immigration thers and aged, infirm persons.

ty

that foible of the waves in a region of the upper of the familiar type-that is. Mer-tainly not the fault of the transmit-completion of the registry of partial giving blood for transfusions only by the reflection reader considers a map of the worldļnot challenged," but its cause is an on Juan Luna continued with the' to safa districts, carrying life. Unfortunately, however, the long-casual estimate of the shortest path le. The signal a listener tunes in Buenaseda, In

Projection and makes

A to

registrants. sphere is

is not very accommodating

Amador

orto danger areas. in between

London

of the station, is the result of the combination of of the 6,000 partial registrants, 4,797 the manner in which it deals with Island, New Zealand, he will probe the waves received from the distant had completed their registration up Ernest Brown, in a letter prais

and, say, North

The Minister of Health, Mr. the waves. At some

ore lines of the ably conclude that the path would ated in his own receiver. Great number of alien registrants in Moullo

transmitter and similar waves gener-to day it will allow cer

date. Complete ngures on the Ing the American ambulance pass right

certain waves to go over Arabia, India, and Australia. pains are taken at the transmitter to as well as in the provinces, are still corps on the first anniversary of through it, while these very same waves will goes from London over Norway

other Actually, however, the shortest path keep its be so badly absorbed that they will nearly over the North Pole!

its frequency nbsolutely con- unavailable. and stant, but for the waves generoled nover reach their destination. Therefore, there is a certain optimum that shows the direction of this short- the expense involved. In many re-

in the listener's receiver such precau A special map has been prepared lons are quite impossible owing to wavelength that can be used at any time. This optimum

wavelength path or, as it is called, Great ceivers, the locally-generated waves varies in a most complex manner, Circle Path-from London to any are apt to wander, especially when being much lower, for example, at the form of a

where in the world. The map takes the receiver is 'warming night than it is in the day, allering

of a circle centred with the seasons of the year, and circle really representing the Anti-and the Incally-generated

upon London, the

Consequently, the cre circumference of

effect of the the combination of the transmitted waves generally rengling to various other conditions.

podes. A straight line

drown on selected by the tuning of the re- this map is then the Great Circle) ceiver, alters, and ultimately brings route and the route which the wire- in, the neighbouring unwanted trans- less waves will take, and it givès at mission.

were

to one

Hence, if the RB.C. transmit their programmes on wavelength, only at certain times of

the day could they be received at any one place. By alterlag the

wave- length as the day advances, there is a much greater chance of malatain- ing a reliable service.

"Hopa

As has been explaited, the optimum wavelength depends on conditions in the lonosphere. It also depends on the distance that the re- ceiver is from the transmitter-so the waves may reach the receiver in

Captain Detained

"Worthless Order

Waves,

On

""

Action taken by the Home Office under Sir John

a single 'hop', that is, after being re- Anderson was strongly criticised by King's Bench judges flected by the lonosphere only

once

ог they may go round the world in recently.

a series of hops, that is, with suc-

cessive reflections from the

sphere to the earth and back

iono-

agala.

As the result of recent investiga

Buildings That Beat Big Bombs

Steel And Concrete Are The Best

its founding, said the "remark- able rapidity with which the American ambulance Wak |brought into operation has been matched by the high standard

of omciency which it has at- tained."

of

"The maintenance and running of the fleet of some 280 vehicles, with a correspondingly large personnel, dis- tributed over close on 30 stations throughout England, Scotland and Wales, is an undertaking of consider- able magnitude, and the efficiency of this large and widespread service is undoubtedly due to the energy with which those in charge of the organi Framed buildings of steel and sation have voluntarily devoted concrete have stood up to bombing in themselves to this enterprise," the ile most remarkable manner, and Minlater said. have shown great resistance and re- Mr Gilbert H. Carr is director: silence, states the Science Commit-general of the American ambulance teo of the Insitution of Structural organisation. It Was founded by Engineers.

American residents in London and bombs of the heaviest calibre where contributions through

They have withstood attacks from maintained entirely by American floors have collapsed, utterly under States. The corps is operated under the British buildings with brick walls and timber War Relief S Society In the United the action of small bombs,

Wie direction of the Ministry A steel and concrete building, Health. Thus

more than US, far although damaged, will stands and $800.000 have been contributed for gives protection to

to persons - in the operation of the ambulances, Cont lower stories.

of maintaining them is approximate- It is clear that, other things being ly $8,000 werkdy,

floors of solld concrete streng-

4: thened

Government Thanks inforcement stand up better and give] more protection against bombing than

Mr Brown said that in expressing, floors in which lightness has been on behalf of the British Government, obtained.

"our warmest thanks for the help Foundations

that it is giving, in connection with the Army.

The committee recommends that he also wanted to

the hospital and casualty services," ing the Mr Justies fumphreys, giving

forced concrete floors deserve to be not omit to mention particularly the

to commend number of hops required

framed buildings of steel or of rein- vers of the ambulances.

dri- 4. can- there, we can fix the places where Judgment, said Sir John Anderson,

then Home Secretary, issued

adopted. waves will be reflected from the general and vague order directing the Home Secretary had reasonable 11 There was also no evidence that

Emphasising the

occasions on which the Ionosphere. By consulting various the detention of 25 persons, includ-cause to suppost it was necessary to by a qualified engineer, the commit- while severe air raids have been in women dri- need for an vers of the American Ambulance graphis, we can then obtain a very ing Captain Budd.

examination of damaged buildings have good idea of what the optimum wave- The Home Secretory had no power

exercise control over Capt. Budd.

fearlessly gone into action length will be.

lee points out that foundations may progress," he said. Justlee Singleton, agreeing, be destroyed or badly undermined, It fa hed been, members of an mistake by the Iloine Once that had from the explosion: guess at what the average should be, organisation.

Kingdom the American and on some days will give better

come before the court of late Not Original Order '

ambulances have travelled This disturbance, being less obvious, than transmission conditions

"When I see the complete mistake is more likely to be overlooked. document on A

1,300,000 miles. They have olliers. These variations are caused Captain Budd as representing the no

presented to that has occurred here, and there is Much of the damage attributed to carrying some 60,000 patients to made approximately 25,000 trips explanation, by random offcets, that cannot be authority for the detention, but it amazement."

I am Jost

blast is really due to overturning by treatment or predicted as yet, and so there are was nothing like the original order. Mr Justice Tucker also concurred, foundations.

upheaval of the ground below the 100,000 gallons of gasoline have been safety. More thum consumed by these vehicles alone.

known with some accuracy what the former state of the ionosphere

is at various times of the day in

The court granted' n-writ of; it wrongly alleged that Captahi habéns corpus and ordered the Budd was sold to be

a person of release of Captain Charles hostile association tians of the ionosphere, it is now Henry. Bentinek Budd,. R.E.. body in the Home, Omec made out equal,with Aller jolais or steel re-i

"How It came about that some- Worthing councillor, his thing I don't know," sald the who claimed he was unlawfully Judge.Despite Inquiries, we detained under Defence Regula- not told. tions.

"It appears that Captain Budd has been detained for 1 months on a It was stated that he was a men- ducument purporting to

emonate

of the year and at various latitudes In general, where there is sunlight the ionosphere is capable of reflect- Ing shorto waves than where there

want to direct our

are

is darkness. By knowing where her of the British Union of Fascists from the Home Secretary which

therefore, and by doterminions, until 1039, in which year he joined never emanated from him at all."

the

get

to detain

*

That document, he added, was worthless plece of paper.

Mr

The

· This optimum wavelength is only B were, or ople simply because they sald this was not the first case of a both 'initie actun! crater and by shock in the trimated that in their work

thon

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9:30 p.m. SATURDAY, 23rd. AUGUST, 1941. Watch for further details