1941-08-07 — Page 15

Thursday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

August 7, 1941.

NANCY

OH, OXIE. MARMADUKE WANTS YOU TO COME OVER AND TRY OUT HIS DAD'S PRIVATE BOWLING

ALLEY!

I NEVER PLAYED-- BUT I'LL TRY!

OH, BOY --- I'LL BET OXIE WILL BE A

WONDERFUL

BOWLER!

AW-- DEM FAT GUYS. NEVER HAVE ANY SPEED!

By Ernie Bushmiller

End Your FOOT TROUBLES By Using ZAM-BUK

Every Night Rub In ZAM-BUK

Tape 1311994

Trainer Aruditis, ÎN

ta. U tu Darian rightarmérved.

SOME RADIO QUERIES ANSWERED

BY

BBC

By every overseas mail the B.B.C. Engineering Division receives requests for information and advice from listeners to the British short-wave broadcasts, article answers some of the questions most commonly asked:-

Wireless waves have fréquently been compared with the waves set up in a pond when a stone is thrown into it. If the listener imagines he is stationed somewhere in the pond these waves will pass him with a certain regularity. This regularity is determined first by the speed with which the waves travel outwards, and secondly on the separation between the succes- alve wave crests.

So it is with wireless waves. occasions when the B.1.C. transmis- They occur in the abstract sub-sions are imperfectly received. It is atance known as the ether, hoped that as our knowledge of the which permeates solid objects the hal days' will get less and less. behaviour increases the frequency of as well as the atmosphere, and

Why Not Increase Power? travel outwards from the trans- Theoretically, of course, there is no mitting station just ne do the reason why the power of a transmit- waves in the pond. The speeder should not be put up indefinitely with which they travel is the

This

once the bearing from north on which the aerial must be erected.

The erlai netually used for the B.B.C. Overseas Service are design- cd to transmit over a fairly wide beam so that the area covered is not too restricted, while at the same time giving on Improvement over An onial-directional serial in the matter of signal strength. The centre line of the beam is chosen to fail on any important areas lying in the area concerned.

Empire Programmes The reason for the gaps that divide the four transmission-periods in the 13.B.C. Empire Service is to cuable the engineers to adjust the transmit- but it must be remembered that, in ters and other apparatus to the vari- order to double the signal the sous wavelengths which are required same as the speed of light tener receives, it is necessary to in- to take the service to the various 186,000 miles a second.

crease the power at the transmitter parts of the globe. In a wireless set four times. Such a power-increase a change of wavelength is achieved makes little difference in the cost of increly by turning a switch or ad- operating the

power is small, but in-transmitter, where much power a great deal when the re- handled, such simple switching

It will be seen, then, that there is a fixed relationship between the fre- quency of the waves-that is, the

number of wave cresta passing is when the total sitting station) Justing a knob, but in a short-wave

ixed paint every second-and the erease" gh powers is reached devices are quite out of the question i

UFS]

DUBLIN CASUALTY—Victim of Nazi air raid on neutral Dublin. Eira, rocnivos first aid after rescue from debris. Nazis said flier had made mistake and passed over wrong territory.

Chinese Held In Manila

On Alien Law Charge

per second, expressed 'Me/s', and the refereed to receiver is sometimes quite come and may involve | tion Law which went into effect on June 23 was filed a week agu

to as 'gilt-edged'.

Sig

manual labour.

may

American Ambulances In Britain

wavelength-that k, the distance glon between the wave erests. The fre- Which, beidentally, explains why the various functions must be car- The first case in Manila of violation of the Allen Registra- quency of short waves is usually re-this method of increasing the signal ried out ferred to in units of millon

cycles strength at the

As an example, a simple tuned against Loy Foy, a Chinese. The complaint was brought in the Manila Court of First Instance by Assistant Fiscal Julio wavelength is usually measured in A much cheaper method of giving circuit in a wireless receiver metres. The wavelength in metres is a good signal at a particular place is orcupy a space about the size of a Villamor. equal to the figure 300 divided by the to design the transmitter's nerinis so Jain jar, whereas in a transmitter the

Loy Foy is charged with hav- be same circult would have to be housed can frequency in Me/s. Thus a wave- that the available energy length of

of 30 metres is equivalent to directed in the best direction. This, on a truck about the size of a bathing failed to register and pro-

all chair.

vide himself with an alien regis- frequency of 10 Me/s. It is in- of course, gives an increase of material,

Not only must the circuits in the tration certificate as required by therefore, whether A In one place at the expense of the| transmission is referred to in metres signal at mother, but it is usually transmitter be altered every time the the Alien Registration Act. Re- or Me/s since they both mean the

found that this enuses little difficulty wavelength is changed, but the same thing.

owing to the fact that one area will serials themselves must be switched gistration of foreigners began on require n

either at over. Wavelengthe Altered

This often involves switching June 23 and closed on July 21. different time or

programme

different lon-i in a

from the Under the statute, failure to re- No doubi ni some thne or other

processes some distance different wavelength transm

transmitter itself-as much 05 every overseas listener to B.1.C. pro-ge, or on a

gister within the period pre quarter of a mile perhaps and the grammes has wondered why then any event.

The listener himself can achieve engineer on duty must travel this scribed subjects one to a penalty transmissions betreeves are some quite a considerable improvement by distance to perform the operation. of not more than Pesos 5,000 times on one wavelength and some-

| putting

11 similar though neces-in

In addition, fines on another. For example,

switching arrangements fine or an imprisonment of not Done By The Corps listener in South Africa, according to sarily simpler-aerial, which will re- and marshalling of artists and so on

more than one year or both. in must take place at the programme direction the B.B.C.'s

LONDON, Aug. ·4- (UP),------ will give best from the current schedule,

found the de Police nuthorities receive a service on the 31 m. band, which the transmitter lies. Informa-source, and the co-ordinating of a fendant without a registration cer- More than 260 American am-

tien

subject is contained in a these functions makes breaks on this 0457 and between

0700 G.M.T. on the

Lificate accidentally, reports the bulances have been operating entitled "Receiving the In the programme inevitable. band between 0830 and 1000, buoklet

Wavelength Wanders'

"Manila Bulletin.' on the 13 m. band between 1055 and B.B.C. Overseas Services available

Loy Foy was ar throughout blitzed Britain for rested on a charge of theft and was Sometimes listeners tell the B.B.C. taken to the eib Ascol's offer. On the past year rushing bomb that a wavelength on which its over- being asked to show his registration victims to hospitals, meeting sens

transmitters are working is apt to wander. They go that when the meridicate, Loy Foy admitted he had trains to take sick evacuated chosen to cover the whole period? The problem of choosing the direc-set has been accurately tuned, they was fixed is provisional liber-mothers and children to hos-

tion for the shortest route between

een wanted station fades Probably every questioner realises two places in the world is not so bouring station comes in.

out and a neigh...! In the meantime, the registration pitals, removing expectant mo- office of the Bureau of Immigration thers and aged, infirm persons The accuracy of the observation is on Juan Luna continued with the to safe districts, carrying life- not. challenged,

10

from the B.B.C.

1330, and on the 10 m, band between

1345 and 1630, and so on. Surely,

Directions For Transmission

It is argued. It would be much more.

convenient if one of these bands were

thatstance transmission is simple as it might appear. If the

made

ating unately,

er. The

but

o Pesos

$1,000.

Useful Services Being

only by the reflection render considers a map of the world of the waves in a region of the upper of the fainlliar type-that is, Mer-tainly not the fault cause is cer- completion of the registry of partial giving blood, for transfusions

known as the lonosphere. cator's

of the transmit registrants. According to Amador to danger areas. Projection-and makes

The signal a listener tunes in Buenaseda, in charge of the station, however, the fono-ensual estima

ensual estimate of the shortest path is the result of the combination of gf the 6,000 partial registrants, 4,707 The Minister of Health, Mr is not very accommodating in between London and, say, North the waves received from the distant had completed their registration up Ernest. Brown, in a letter prais sphere the manner in which it deals with Island, New Zealand, he will

transmitter and similar waves gener- to date. Complete figures on the

pass right through

ilmes these very

Actually, however, the shortest path cep its frequency absolutely con- unavailable. nearly over the North Potel

the waves. At some times of the ably conclude that the path would ated in his own receiver. Grent number of alien registrants in Monti ing. the American ambulance day it will allow certain waves corps on the first anniversary of

It, while #t other

its founding, said the "remark- same waves will goe

able rapidity with which the ambulance wag American brought into operation has been matched by the high standard of efficiency which it has at- tained."

be so badly absorbed that they will Roes from London over Norway and stant, but for the waves gencraicd}

Therefore, there Is a certain

never reach

their

wavelength that

that can

This optimum wavelength

be used

at

re

It fa

In the listener's receiver such precau- A special map has been prepared tons

Bons are quite Impossible owing to that shows the direction of this short, the

Involved. The expense

In many re- called. Great ceivers, the locally-generated waves varies in a most complex manner, where in the world. The map takes the receiver is warming up.

Circle Path-from London to any are apt to wander, especially when being much lower, for example, at the form of a cirele centred upon night than it is in the day, altering London, tho

Consequently, the effect of the with the seasons of the year, and circle really representing then selected by the tuning of the re- circumference of the combination of the transmitted waves generally reacting to various other postes. A straight line

and the locally-generated drawn on conditions,

this map is then the Great Circle ceiver, alters, and ultimately brings Hence, If the D.B.C. were to route and the route which the wire- In the neighbouring unwanted .trans- transmit their programmes on one less waves will take, and it gives at mission. wavelength, only at certain times of the day could they be received at any one place. By altering the wave- length as the day advances, there is

a much greater chance of maintain-

ing a reliable service,

"Hope"

the

on

As has been explained, optimum wavelength depends conditions in the ionosphere. It also depends on the distance that the re- ceiver is from the transmitter-so the waves may reach the receiver in

Captain Detained

"Worthless

waves,

On Order"

Buildings That Beat Big Bombs

Steel And Concrete ·

the

and

"The maintenance and running of the fleet of some 200 vehicles, with a correspondingly large personnel, dis- tributed over close on 30 stations throughout England, Scotland and Wales, 15

is an undertaking of consider= abic

bie magnitude, and the efficiency of this large and widespread service is Are The Best

undoubtedly due to the energy with which those in charge of the organi- Framed buildings

have voluntarily devoted of steel and sation concrete have stood no to bombing in themselves to this enterprise,” the most remarkable manner, and Minister said.

Mr Gilbert H. Carr Is director have shown great resistance and re- silience, states the Science Commit-general of the American ambulance tes of the Institution of Structural organisation. It was founded by Engineers.

American residents in London They have withstood attacks from maintained entirely by American bombs of the heaviest enlibre where contributions through the British The corps is operated under tite action of small bombs.

A steel and

U.S. concrete building, Health. Thus far, more than although damaged, still stands and $800,000 have been contributed for gives protection to persons

Cost the operation of the ambulances.

of maintaining them is approximate- lower storles, equal, floors of solid concrete streng

It is clear that, other things being ly $8,000 weekly. thened with filler joists or steel re- more protection against bombing than "It appears that Captain Budd has flours in which lightness has been been detained for 11 months on bebtained. It was stated that he was a mem- document purporting tn emanate ing shorter waves than where there ber of the Bellish Union of Fascists from the Home Secretary which

ร darkness. By knowing where we until 1930, in which year he joined never emanated from him at pit." want to direct our transmissions, the Army... Therefore, and by determining the

a single 'hop', that after being

only once

Action taken by the Home Office under Sir John buds of with brick wails and timber War Relief Society in the United Sected by the ionosphere on Anderson was strongly criticised by King's Bench judges floors have collapsed utterly under Statcsection of the Ministry of

or they may go round the world in recently. -

series of

that is, with suc- 'hops',

The court granted a writ of It wrongly alleged that Captain cessive reflections from the long-

inhabeas corpus and ordered the Budd was said to be a person of aphora to the earth and back again release of Captain

hostlie association. Charles As the result of recent Investiga- !

"How enme about that some-

tions of the ionosphere, it is now Henry Bentinck Budd, R.E., & body in the Home Office made out known with some accuracy what the former Worthing councillor, this thing I don't know," said the state of the ionosphere at various

times of the day in various seasons who claimed he was unlawfully judge. "Despite inquiries, we are inforcement stand up better and give

of the year and at various latitudes detained under Defence Regula- not told. In general, where there is sunlight tions:

the Ionosphere is capable of reflect-

Mr

Justice Humphreys, giving

of hops required to Het judgment, sald Sir John, Anderson, worthless piece of paper,

there, we can fix the places where waves will be reflected from the Ionosphere. By consulting various graphs, we can then obtain a very good idea of what the optimum wave- length will be,

then Home Secretary, Issued

a

The Home Secretary had no power to detain people simply because they were, or had been, imembers of an organisation.

Not Original Order **

That document, he added, was a

There was also no evidence that

"༄*

Foundations

the

"our

Government Thanks.

Mr Brown sald that in expressing. on behalf of the British Government, warmest thanks for the help that it is giving in connection with the hospital and ensualty services" The committee recommends that he also wanted to commend the dri- framed buildings of steel or of rein- vers of the ambulances.

"reen- forced concrete floors deserve to be not omit to mention particularly the adopted.

on which the women dri occasions Emphasising the need for an vers of the American Ambulance examination of damaged buildinga Heve

Heve fearlessly gone into action by B qualified engineer, the commit-while severe ale ralds have been in tee points out that foundations, may progress," he sa

sold. be destroyed or badly undermined. It is estimated that In the work both in

explosión. from the actual crater and by shock in the United Kingdom the American ambulances have travelled, more Tula disturbance, being less obvious, than 1,500,000 miles. They have is more likely to be overlooked., made, approximately 25,000 trips Much of the damage attributed to ́epriving some 60.000 patients to blast is really due to overturning. by treatment or Baloty, More than upheaval of the ground "below; the 100,000 gallons of gasoline have been

consumed by the vehicles alone.

general and vague order directing the lume Secretary had reasonable the detention of 25 persons, includ- cause to suppose it was necessary to

exercise control over Capt. Budd. ing Captain Budd.

Mr Justice Singleton, agreeing, said this was not the first case of a mistake by the Home Office that had come before the court of Into

"When I see the complete mistake than on A document was presented to that has occurred here, and there is explanation, I- am lost in others. These variations are caused Captain Budd as representing the no (be random effects that cannot be authority for the detention, but it amazement.""

predicted as yet, and so there are was nothing like the original order. Mr. Justice Tucker also concurred, foundations.

This.optimum wavelength is only a guess at what the average should be, and on some days, will. give boller transmission conditions

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Watch for further detalls

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