1941-08-06 — Page 4

THE SUN AGAIN!

Wednesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

August 6, 1941.

STUDEBAKER

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BIOGRAPHY OF BENITO MUSSOLINI

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ELA

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Protection for baby

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The

Hongkong Telegraph.

Wednesday, Aug. 6, 1941.

Wyndham St, Hongkong

Telephone: 26015 Tik predix "Special to the Telegraph" is gred by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1030, Buch nowU KE bears the Indieation “UP” is recolved in Hongkong on the date of publication by the Walled Prose Associations, who re- serve all rights and forbid republications, either wholly or in part withốnt proTIOUS arrangement -

The

Humiliation of

1941

of Italy

ITALY as we know it FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

is no more.

The independence for

ON THE ITALIAN FRONTIER

"

The vice of political interven- tion and divided control was in- herent in the very organisation of this as of all the Italian

which Garibaldi and Maz- taken perhaps reluctantly, cer- physical impossibility as the armies, with their Blackshirt Phone 27770-6 zini began their struggle tainly not until the imminence Gestapo and the Reichswehr formations and independent less than 100 years ago has of totul internal collapse, fol- can make it. It remains only Fascist commanders at logger.

Goebbels's vanished overnight.

lowing military, disaster, made for

propaganda heads with the professional it essential if the foundations of machine to persuade the Italians generals. The. United Kingdom of Italy, the Axis in Europe were to be that it is better so. proclaimed barely 70 years ago saved,

To make disaster certnin. Immediately before the Ger- Mussolini, after falling to pro- with Rome as its capital, has

man occupation Italy was ready vite Graziani with the supplies become a German province. Muasolini's dream of empire has

A few he needed, ordered him to make AR

FTER the loss of Cyre- for, a separate peace. faded before even the last blank

naica, and the Greek more reverses abroad, n fow the premature advance to Sidi and afterwards to map on the wall of the Roman flasco, Italy was ripe for revolt. more weeks of pressure on Italy 'Barrani

The battles in Libya and Al- herself and the move would defend the untenable "Fascist Forum was filled in.

Italy to-day is as helpless bania, Taranto, and the failure have been made with or with- bastions" of Bardia and Tob- the Duce. The Italian ruk. Mussolini, not Graziani, as France in Hitler's hands, ns of the Italian air force against out" humiliated as Bulgaria, more the British were caused not by Army, was beaten and knew it; is the real loser of Cyrenaica. truly beaten than Poland or lack of gallantry in the 'Italian the navy was crippled and short, Czechoslovakia. And the Duce forces, but by political inter- of fuel; the hopes placed in the who boasted of her coming ference, incompetent leadership air force had proved vain.

WHEN Italy declared war triumphs six months ago is the and bad equipment.

Some good judges believe

the young Italian Navy direct and supreme cause of her

Wounded soldiers returning that if Britain, had made her (described by Mussolini as "the downfall.

home spread these black tidings bombing of Italian towns really most modern' in the world") In 1022 when the Blackshirts more swiftly than any radio. heavy for a short time and had' was ready and eager for daring. It might have made marched on Rome (followed by In their hospital cots they swore then made a peace offer to enterprise. their Leader in a sleeping-car) vengeance on the Duce and his Rome, the Fascist Grand Council a dangerous attack on Malta: Fascism was proclaimed as a henchmen for their vain suffer- itself would have insisted on în and Alexandria, reducing the is more opportunistic than pre-movement by which 2 new ings.

disparity between the British Italy, purged of corruption and

The chance for that has gone und Italian squadrons. But sloth, clean, young and vigor. ous, was being born. Though revolt from spreading; and he now, but the collapse of the Mussolini kept the fleet at home! blotted by many cruelties, half- could do it only if his system of Italian war machine remains a and ordered it to avoid decisive hidden murders and dark deeds, police espionage and intimida- fact.

action for his own political rea.... the new system had its creative tion received the backing of

sohs because he wanted to Perhaps the bitterest pill for keep it as a bargaining counter · alde.

visible and unshaken military

Mussolini and his admirers to against Hitler after the war. A respectable record of social power.

swallow is the fact, which they and cconomic achievement To prevent the first resound-

Condemned to inactivity or could be set against its crimes. ing collapse of totalitarianism must ΠΟΥ recognise among

POVERTY AND CRIME--

IF cleanliness be next to god- liness, it can be equally claimed that poverty makes for crime..

In Hongkong, in fact, this is well nigh a truism. Crime here

meditated; from the vulgar Jar- ceny of a shop-soiled overcoat to the more daring type of fraud. And in many cases both types find their cause in want or in temptation which thousands would find hard to resist..

If a pointer were needed for

the dangerously low standard

Only one man could prevent

reins

of

ormistice.

The

Taranto affair set the seal on

In the easy phrase of his in Europe the Nazis had first to themselves, that the Fascist runaway actions, the Italian of wages which governs the admirers Mussolini "did a lot save Mussolini from the conse- system and policy, which set sailors lost their spirit.

for Italy." He might have done quences of his folly. To do this out to make the Italians 3 native clerks and fokis, especi- more if the craze for conquest they had to occupy -Italy-with-nation-of-conquerors, are the Italian naval impotence. But ally those employed by Chinese had not got into his blood. .troops and take over the true root cause of their military it was Mussolini, not Cavagnari, firms, it can be found in the To-day the rebirth of Italy always with the appearance of

government there, failure.

who disgraced the Italian naval number of cases where these under Mussolini is an exploded friendly collaboration. The pro-

flag. types of workers indulge in myth, even at home. With the cess took time, partly because its

The Italian air force, created crumbling of Italy's armies overseas under the blows of first stages had to be accom- Britain, the deruded Italian plished secretly, partly because people have seen through the communications between Ger- humiliating defeat in modern fundamental hypocrisy of Fas Riany and Italy were restricted. history, losing prisoners in strength, reached a pitch of

cism.

GRAZIANI'S army in by the Fascist Party as a symbol Libya suffered the most of Young Italy's now-found

fraudulent conversion of firms' monies. Often, it is true these crimes are the product of nothing hut a criminal mind;.

greater numbers than the whole efficiency some years ago which British attacking force, not be earned it the respect of foreign just as often it is found that

cause the Italian troops lacked Powors. But it is nowhere truer the miscreants have been either

To Italian amour-propre courage but because of poor than in the air that pride.comes driven to it through sheer IN the general disaffection

concessions were made. equipment, bad staff work, in before a fall; and the systema- poverty or because temptation the Duce and his circle, party spare the feelings of his beaten and stupid planning, but above mentality

which now exists against Hitler was always careful to sufficient reconnaissance, slow tie boastfulness of the Fascist proved fatal to secrets are no longer kept. Cor- partner. But the thing is done all political Interference from Italian airmen. ruption in high places, divided to-day, and a rising against the Rome and most of all from the councils, ruthless personal Fascist regime is as nearly a Duce in person. power interfering disastrously at every point, political "stunts" distorting and defeating the plans of military leaders are suddenly laid bare.

has been almost deliberately thrust in their way. Honesty is a virtue, but it is not inherent and is thoroughly conditioned, When a man, for example, who earns a few dollars a month, and perhaps is allowed in addı. tion board and lodgings, is ex pected to handle thousands of dollars in complete freedom, there is small wonder if he falls to the inevitable temptation. It is the employer who must shoulder most of the blame if his confidence under these con- ditions is misplaced.

What claimed to be a new and infallible mode of government stands revealed as a device to keep an unscrupulous, ignorant and cynical oligarchy in control.

Italians who yesterday ac cepted Fascism with respect even though they felt no affec- tion for, it to-day curse it as a blight upon their country. But most of all they curse the man who embodies, the Fasciat system and has sold his own people to Germany in order to keep that system and himself

A more serious social pro- blem, however, is that of the underpaid worker, placed in a position of trust, who through economic circumstances is alive.

The German occupation of

of France, though as polite and cautious, is no mere offshoot of Nazi conquest, It was under-

forced to stoop to crime; the man who, on a wage of 20 to 40 dollard a month must keep a Italy, now as effective as that wife and family and probably near relatives. His wages are wholly Inadequate to cover living costs and he faces the prospect of intolerable debt or probably unemployment if hè. seeks an increase in pay,

on earth gets $20 a month?" There has, perhaps, been too much tendency to place the The altitude of the Chinese blame for the social ills of the employers stands in line for a Colony exclusively upon the good deal of necessary, correç shoulders of the white man. The tion. Only recently, when some Chinese have only too willingly

JONES WONG & COMPANY social workers were discussing kept wage and living standards

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the problem of wage standards compressed, and until there la d in the Colony, two Chinese em-change in this direction, ployers, upon hearing that 820: poverty, ill-health and in their was a typical wage for meninis wake crime, will continuo un- declared in astonishment "Who abated in Hongkong.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

195), CHMAN Trail, tur

1995. SAM PAL OFF, AZ 1940. HAL-

CONFIDENT of their

superiority, they neg lected the hard training and

By Lichty constant vigilance for the

-If your boy friend was just mado a sorgeant, may

HE hann't got a friend!'.

progress of rivals which are essential if a lead in the air' is. to be kept. Italian aircraft con-. structors, encouraged to com- pete for spectacular but short- lived international "records," neglected basle research and broad-based development. The | Italian air force entered the war with obsolescent machines, and on a down-grade of production. which Italian industry failed to royerse. The Duca's bold words were no substitute for up-to- date engines and armaments and · highly-trained individual). air fighters.

Mussolini, not the brave but ill-served Italian pilots, lost Italy, her place in the air.

Wherever one turns the story is the same the story, of "gal- lant fighting forces lamed and corrupted by political jobbety:" above all, of disaster coming through the rash and uncon- trolled judgment of one man, With the disappearance of inde- pendent Italy, Europe, asa centre of civilisation, is the poorer..

But Italy bequeaths it, one precious parting gift: an awful. lesson in the vanity of conquest : and the danger of leaving un- bridled power in a Dictator's Thandie