1941-08-02 — Page 3

Hongkong Telegraph 港電新報 士蔑新聞 All

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6-21

Saturday,

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August 2, 1941

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IS NAZISM A DISEASE?

Inside the

Nazi Mind

BY W. A. SINCLAIR

This is the text of the second talk, given in the B.B.C.'s short wave overseas transmission, in the series, "Inside the Naz! Mind," in which leading authorities examined, from various points of view, the phenomenon of Nazism as a psychological disease. Other talks in the series will appear in the "Telegraph.".

**When Mh Chamberlain says he does not trust me, I thank you, Mr Chamberlain. for not thinking I could be a traitor.". That was what Hit- ler said in his famous réply" to Mr Chamberlain's accusa- tion that he had broken his word over Czechoslovakia,

You see, he does feel an obligation to his own country. He promised to make her strong and enlarge her fron- tiers, and he has kept his word by doing so. But he feels no obligation to any standard of morality, and in consequence he is not in the least ashamed of breaking his word to other countries. He is proud of it. You could hear that in the tone of his voice; and you could also hear that his audience felt the same about it.

I've had this extract play- ed, because this is a talk about the Nazi technique of government, and it is no use" talking about this technique, -unless-we-understand-that-it- is used without any moral restrains at ull

In Mein Kampf', Hitler states his principle in the most general terms. On page 686 he says:

Means To An End

"Foreign policy is a means

to an end, and the sole end to be pursued is the ativan. tage of our own nation. This, the goes on), is the one con- sideration that matters. All other considerations, political, religious, humanitarian, must be completely disregarded in the favour of this one."

Such of an outlook is ex- tremely difficult for us to understand, and in the past we-and others have made many mistakes through our ability to take it seriously.

A friend of mine who was in the British Embassy in Berlin told me of an incident which shows how general that attitude is in Ger- many. About the end of 1932, a visiting German officer who was the Embassy

talking to WAR hlm about different national characteristics. This German made the rather odd remark that the British were gentlemen, but the French were not. When he was asked to explain what he meant, he related tils. He said:

"After the war, in 1020, I was In charge of a barracks Rhineland. One day

some of the military Inter-Allied Control Com- mission, under a French officer and a British officer, came to my barracks.

They said they had rea- A store

son to believe that I had

in the

of rifles concealed behind a brick wall, contrary to the terms of the Peace Treaty, I denied this. I

H

sald,

41 give you my word of honour as a German officer, that I have no rifles concealed in the bar- racks.* Well, (he went on,) your British

officer was a gentleman. Ile accepted my word of honour, and he went

. But that French oMeer was not a gentle- man. Jie would not accept my word of honour, and he pulled down the brick wall. And he took away my rifles."

Away.

Never-Ending Effort

-Now-that German officer would: not have led and deliberately

Cons

of

were

acted dishonourably in this way, to another German. But he obvious- ly did not feel obliged to tell the truth, or behave honestly, to

who

German where anything to the advantage

Germapy was, concerned.

The very unconsciousness of the way in which he told of the incident, shows how completely he took for granted that the standards of conduct he would

uld respect in his dealings with Germans, sim-

did not apply at all

aly did

his

Als

with other nations. In

s dealings with other nations, he

DIS

felt himself free to do anything that would be to the advantage of Germany, without any regard for truthfulness, or any other moral law or obligation.

never-

This means that Germany is all the

time engaged in a ending effort to force other coun- tries to do what she wants, by any means whatever. There are tech- niques for doing this, and these are the techniques of Nazi total war, such as terror-bombing of civili ans, dropping of diagulsed para- chutists, lying propaganda, Fifth Column organisations, and BO

POCKET CARTOON

#Tell you what, I'll swap an Order of St. Stanisius (3rd clan) and a Sudan Medal, 1897, for a Legion d'Honneur and a Matabeleland, 1896, with

clasp."

forth, all of which are just the techniques you would expect to be adopted by men who wished to countries, and felt conquer other no restraints whatever in choosing their means of doing so,

Now we know about that in Germany's dealings with other countries; but we must bear in mind that the Nazi leaders work a

dissimilar technique not

on the German people, and that is what the Nazi leaders mean by govern-

them.

We need not labour the Ing

the Nazi leaders employ point

that the their technique of

of government In- side Germany without any regard for moral or humanitarian res- traints. Nobody who knows" any- thing about the Nazi secret palice and Nazi propaganda methods is in any doubt about that. We have to understand that the Nazi leaders do not regard the German people in anything like the way in which our leaders regard us. They regard the German people as material to work on. In fact they are work- Ing on the German people, rather than for them. From point of view of the Nazi leaders, Germany la not so much their country, as their first conquest; Just as Aus tria, Poland, Holland and all the rest are countries they conquered later.

Mass Influence

So in trying to understand the mind of the Nazi lenders, we have to think of them there, inside Ger- many, a comparatively small group of very clever and entirely ruthless men, who are determined to con- trol that nation, and make it act in the way, they want it to act Το do this, on: thoir: view of states- manship, is a matter of technique. As Hitler put. It la Mein Kampf "Leading is mais-influencing", that"

is statesmanship meaus knowing the technique of what to do, and what to say, to the people to make Them net as the leader wants then to act.

Altler und the others' do, of course, talk about a mystical unity of the German Fuehrer and the

German people; but that kind of statement is itself a technical de- vice.

deliberately employed, to work upon the feelings of the people and make them easier to lead, The Nazi Icadera sound very emotional in

their radio

once they ches, and no doubt, have worked themselves up, they feel as frantic as they round, but the whole business is one of a calculated technique. In an article written by Dr Goebbels" in the "Angriff", (a Nazl paper in- tended to be read by Nazis only), emphasises this, and sums it up by saying that leadership consists in thus working on the people, and

there are his words):

"In arousing outbursts of fury; in gelting masses of men on the march; in organising hatred and suspicion-all with ice-cold valeu- lation."

The Nazi leaders have pul these views of theirs into praetlee with great ́efficiency, and they have in their sense 'led' the German people with much success, so far at least.

Nazi Methods

The reason is that Hitler (with the others under him) is an ex- tremely competent (but of course totally a moral), practising psycho- logist. Mein Kampf is full

of practical Instructions on the details of this technique of influencing people. Much of the book is very muddle-headed, especially where Hitler believes he is being pro- found, but he writes very clearly on the one part of the subject he understands and cares about, really namely, the influencing of masses of people.

If now we examine what are the actual methods used by the Nazi feaders on the people of Germany, then we find they are precisely the methods

which would occur to anyone who had made a study of practical psychology, provķied but only provided he was willlog to disregard any restraints of morality or humanity in nubleving his ends.

To-take-just-one-Instance. you could learn from any book on psy- chology that a group in the Com- munity which opposed you would be likely to continue to uppose

(other you,

things remaining the same,) unless you could break it and reform its members, for up. sume of them) luto a new group, with new kind of organisation. This is precisely what Hitler has done with the family organisation.

was very strong in

and was one of the primary,

ob-

structions to his plan of malting loyal-

loyalty to the State the only

ly.

He sy getting broke up

the family, by

against

one member

another, by setting the children to spy and report upon

their parents and relatives; and by the child- ren into a new organisation nito- gether, the Hitler Youth'. This instance is almost a text-book ease;. provided no question of the morn- lity of destroying the family or- ganisation and family loyalty is allowed to come in.

Immediately re-farming

L

Elementary Principles

go

If you over all the other familiar Nazi techniques: the combining of

and propaganda force; the combining of threats and promises; the using of the Jews as a scapegoat; and so forth, will find that they are all the you application of these fairly elemen- tary principles of hunion behaviour which you find discussed in pay- chological text-books.

In this correction It is some- ilmus said that litler, in his tech- nique of overne appeuls ex-

to

lowest human Impulses and motiver, but this, I a Father muddled state- of the real position. The matives he appeals to are of all Some of them are extrame-

think is

ment

Ty

such as

the bullying im- rata: but some are very ad-

he encourages in his Storm

such as willingness to sacrifice oneself for others of the group; while much of what he op- peals to is neither high nor low, primitive, such as the fears, the almost childish fears, he exploits so deliberately.

but

Well, n rituation like this in a nation of 80 millions of people, re- quire paychological and other, ex- perts to explain it. They are go- these Nazi leaders are, and what what sort of men ing to discuss

has made them as they are. And they will discuss the condition the great mass of the German people are in, and must have been in, for such things to happen. And also they can fadicate what hope there is of a change for the better in [the" future,"

400

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