1941-01-21 — Page 3

DONALD DUCK

ESKIMO

DOG SLED RACE

OH, BOY!

EASY DOUGH!

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Cepr 1949, Walt Disney Productions World Right Heived

12.12

Tuesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

January 21, 1941.

ESKIMO DOGS FOR SAV

PICK ME OUT

FIVE FAST ONES,

NANOOK!

OLD ONES OR YOUNG

ONES, SON?

WHAT'S THE

DIFFERENCE

BOREALIS,

BOY?

OLD

WELL, WHEN THEY

GETS OLD

THEY GETS VICIOUS!

VICIOUS

By Walt Disney

WALT DIS

Dutributed by King Features Syndižite, Inc:

ANCHOR

Butters

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WOMEN AND THE WAR

FELLING TREES is thirsty work. That is why these girls, carrying their cups, speed up when the tea bell rings. They are Women's Land Army recruits helping to clear woodland

In Suffolk.

GIRLS EMPLOYED in a Newcastle armaments factory have formed their own concert party and are giving shows for the entertainment of troops stationed in the North-East. Here are _some_of_the_girls_nided_by_ soldiers, preparing for an evening

performance.

Crossword Puzzle

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10-Meaktere of paper

33-Take skin from

25-Recipient of gift

20.-Enmesh

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MEK

20-Competitions

14-Loud cry

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34-Commonplace

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IN

Established during the civil war which followed the Revolution in 1917, the "Extraordinary Com- mission to Combat Counter-Revolution of the Soviets became a powerful organ of suppression and terror- ism. Then it was merged with the dreaded Ogpu. Recent use of the original name inspires speculation as to whether the Russians are now reviving.

THE CHEKA

a recent editorial article, "Pravda," the well-known Russinn newapuper, em- phasised the importance of strengthening the Red Army and the Cheka,

The use after long desue- tude of the word "Cheka" has caused some speculation among foreign observers in Moscow. They are wonder- ing whether this means that there is to be a reversion to the

primitive methods of police terrorism practised before the Cheka was merged into the more familiar Ogpu.

It is rare nowadays to hear a Russian mention the Cheka, even in the historical sense. The word is not approved in polite Soviet society; and "Pravda" would certainly not have described "our socialist intelligence" by that dreaded name without instruction or authorisation from above.

reconstituted as the Ogpu, better known among the So- viets as the G.P.U., which are the initials of the "United State Political Police." The Ogpu, first under Djerjinsky and upon his death under Menzhinsky, and later still under the notorious Yagodn wielded immense power over the lives of all Russians in Europe and Asia alike. In- deed, its power became 80 formidable that it is said Sta- lin himself, as well as many of his chief associates, re- garded it with anxiety, if not with awe.

suprome

Besides enjoying judicial authority to arrest secretly and punish secretly any Soviet citizen, the Ogpu maintained a large and well- disciplined army, including the Frontier Guards and Rail- way Guards; it accumulated great wealth; and it had its spics everywhere, even in the Red Army and in the Kremlin itself.

ar-

It was after many months of patient investigation by Ogpu spics that the Metro- Vickers engineers were rested and brought to trial in 1933. I attended that trial and in the course of my stay in Russia learnt a great deal about the inner working of

What, if any, is the dif- ference between the original Cheka and the Ogpu or be- tween the Ogpu and Nar- komynudel, the third stage of this important revolutionary-Ogpu organ"? It is difficult in the world outside Russia to make precise distinctions between these three State instruments. But the original Cheka was undoubtedly the crudest and in its operation the least discriminating.

with

joined Russian

It was established during the civil war which followed the Revolution in 1917, when 12 foreign armies

the "White" armies in a vain attempt to break the young Soviet Re- public. Lenin, following the example of Robespierre, set it up in order to suppress counterrevolutionary intri- gues; and he appointed as its chief Felix Djerjinsky, ♫ highly educated and austere but fanatical Pole, who killed (like St Just) "without pas- sion" In the profound convic- tion that he was thereby saving the soul of Russia and ensuring the happiness of future generations.

In 1918 the Cheka-a word which is composed of the Rus- slan initials of the "Extraor dinary Commission to Combat Counter-Revolution"-put to death after secret trial or without trial 6,300. persons in the central provinces alone; and. In the following year, according to most estimates, at least 50,000. It was a purely terroristic organisation efficient than the Tsar's secret police, the Ok hrand and was justly feared by Russions of every class and condition,

more

When the civil war came to an ond in 1022, the Cheka was

The Soviet authorities, I was afterwards informed, ac÷

POCKET CARTOON

"Look Henry, Italians!"

knowledged the "fairness" of my reports of the trial in com- parison with the grotesque" distortions of the facts that appeared in most of the Euro- pean Press; but they were angered by my, articles dis- closing and denouncing the methods of their secret police system.

Before I left "Russia I had talks with many Soviet politi- cians, including Radek, then editor of "Izvestia," and in high favour with Stalin. Radek naked me at the time if there was any way in which a better understanding could be reached between Russin and Britain.

My reply was that British democratic opinion would be favourably impressed if ter- .roriam were eliminated from the Soviet administrative re- gime. The Choka and the Og- pu, Radek sald, shad been ab- · solutely necessary in order to

案

safeguard the Republic in its most difficult period. But now the Republic was so well established that plans were ready for dissolving the Ogpu and putting in its. place an instrument more nearly re- sembling the British system of police control.

He was referring, I have no doubt, to the proposed reor. ganisation of the Ogpu into Narkomvnudel-or Commis- 'sariat of the Interior-which occurred in the summer of 1934.

This change was heralded in the Soviet Press as a great event in the development of the "inked sword of the Bol- shevist Dictatorship." It is to be doubted, however, whether the Russian masses endorsed In their hearts "Pravdn's" ecstatic declara- tion that with the passing of the Ogpu went a name which "tens of millions of workers and peasants learnt to love.” But under another official name the Ogpu continued to function as before.

Though its judicial powers were transferred by decree to the regular judicial bodies, including the right to inflict the death penalty without trial, the decree was honoured more in the breach than in the observance

1 believe that, as Radek. had said, the original inten- tion was to make a radical change. But after the mur- der of his friend Kirov, and the subsequent revelation of widespread plots against the Kremlin, Stalin decided that the moment was highly inop- portune..

When it was found that Yagoda himself and many other leading officials of the Ogpu were involved in these plots, what Stalin did was not to destroy the Ogpu but to pürge it and make it complete- ly subservient to his personal authority.

That, I think, is the posi- tion to-day. The Army chiefs are now much stronger than the chiefs of the Ogpu; and it is through the pressure of the Army, after the unfortunate experience of dual control in the Finnish campaign, that Stalin has removed police officials from the control of. military units and has made military discipline undisputed.

If there is any intention to resort to the direct methods of the nearly forgotten Cheka, such a return will be due in fact all probability to the that Stalin (with reluctance) the possibi

contemplates

lity of a large-scale war and desires therefore to tighten up his. internal police system and convert it into the Rus- sian expression of a form of martial law. This will not imply any weakening in the military direction of the mill- tary situation. On the con- trary, the likelihood Is that the Soviet High Command would be largely responsible for any such change.

A. J. CUMMINGS

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