1940-09-23 — Page 3

e-16

DONALD DUCK

Monday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 23, 1940.

By Walt Disney

SAFETY, ISLAND

TUDALT DISNEY

MAGAZINE PAGE |

SCIENCE IN WAR

W

Il

Germany has mobilised her scientific resources for conquest. How does Britain stand in this regard? Book reviewed hore, which has been compiled by a group of British scientists, states the problems and gives the answers.

XX7E live in

lished a technologieni

by Penguin Hooks Ltd, is that we have lagged world. which thents

badly behind the Germans In world made possible by

realising the importance, or scientific discovery. If we do

rather the necessity, of ex. not make full use of science

ploiting scientifle technique in

and the

the uttermost in modern war, schmiques and

and that we cannot hope to mechanisms that it makes

win unless we speedily take nvailable, we shall not make

steps to repair our error. the fullest

out SUCCESS

ar whatever we undertake.

Science and scientifle method (besides being pure know-

HOW many people know that a German professor called Haber enabled Germany to

By Professor

JULIAN HUXLEY

ledge) constitute

(31 in- strument for acquiring con- trol of the world. It is only an instrument and thus can be used for ends that are good, bad, or indifferent. But it is also the only instru- ment for securing efficient control of the forces which surround us.

The main thesis of "Science in War," a volume just pub-

fight for four years in the last war? Without his discovery

of how to make nitrates from the nitrogen of the air, Ger- many would have had neither enough explosives nor fer- tilisers for more than two or at most three years.

And one example from this war. The magnetic minc scemed to constitute a major threat to our shipping. But

Even fifty years ago Germany was thinking In terms of balloonist troops. A German, engineer named George Rodek was the inventor of this saddle-balloon. A saddle with stirrups. took the place of the ordinary: balloon cer. Around him were suspended various instruments including a grappling iron fixed to the bait at his back, and sandbags securely within his reach A powerful Incandescent searchlight was turned on at will: by a string held in his hand. That was before the invention of

anti-aircraft gun

within a few weeks of the first dismantlement of дл apex- ploded mine, science had not only discovered but appifed methods for making steel

ships as safe from the new menace as wooden ones.

What of the present and the future? The authors of this book claim not only that the Germana have been much more scientific than we in de- veloping the tank (a British invention) and the strategy of tank-warfare which 18 fairly evident-but that scien- tific imagination, drawing on the experience of the Spanish War, could by now have solved the problem of

measures.

anti-tank

THEY assert that the failures of our and the French anti-tank guns could have been prophesied. and that without doubt the solution seems to be in the liberal use of high explosives, probably in large grenades.

Food is one of the major problems of modern war.

Here, too, Germany is being more scientific than we, for instance, in issuing vitamin supplements to all children. Our authors maintain that for less than £2,000,000 a year every man, woman and child in this country could be pro- vided with a "vitamin biseuit"

containing enough of the ten important minerals to main- tain health even if the rest of the diet were grossly deficient in protective foodstuffs.

In general, the nation's food policy in this war has not been a scientific one. That does not mean that scientists have not been consulted or that scienti- fic ideas have played no part; but policy as a whole has been a compromise between the idena of the scientists, tradi- tion, the views of the National Farmers' Union, and various vested interests. If it had been radically scientific, it would have posed the problem in straightforward terms- first, how will it be possible to ensure to every human being in Britain a diet up to the standard which modern physiology has discovered to be necessary for full energy? Secondly, how can we ecoño- mise to the maximum extent (consonant with our foreign economic policy) on shipping space needed for imported food? If the Government had thought along these lines, we should by now have had a very different result, both in the pattern of our agriculture and the average diet of the people.

Here are a few of the other topics which the book raises. This war is producing new types of wounds. Science is beginning to think out new ways of treating and prevent-

ing them; but the efforts are haphazard and fragmentary, not co-ordinated on a large scale.

and

miniature

these

New

rapid methods

chable X-ray photo- graphs to be taken for low pence instead of nearly as many

By utilising shillings. methods, all recruits both for the services and for industry could be X-rayed, and so early diagnosis of tuberculosis (and other diseases) obtained. This would muke not only for increased war eficiency but better national health in the future.

Camouflage depends on perfectly definite principles, which have been very thoroughly studied by thologists and physiologists. Yei, policy and execution bave been jeft almost entirely in the hauds of civil servants and artists, with, 11 appears, soine not very satisfne- tory results.

Each of these particular critle- But be- isms is serious enough. hind them is something more ser).. ous because more general-a un- wlilingness to think in scienc terms, a resistance to new ideas, a fallure to opply scientific method In the radical and thoroughgoing way which th necessary There are exceptions. For instance, science seems to be used admir- ably and fully in all branches of aviation.

But a great many scientists are not being employed at all for wor purposes, and most of the rest are merely used in advisory commit- lets. This means that their job

is to answer questions that are put to them; wherens any research worker knows that the first and in some ways most important busi- neas of science is to suggest new questions. The background of our Civil Service is literary, and his- torical, and Its methods are on the whole critical and designed to minimize the risk of making mis- takes instead of scientifle and de- signed to achieve results.

THE military mind is still in large measure, traditional instead of experimental, in general there is an unconscious resistance, some- times in the highest quarters, to the idea that science can be useful in purely human subjects like pro- paganda or morale, and to the use of scientific method in the general planning of the national effort.

on

But it is no longer possible to succeed

by merely relying tradition. For better OT Worse, the world to-day is a technologi- cal world, and that mcans that the war can only be won by the utmost possible utilisation cf science. We have splendid scien- tific resources. It 1 urgently necessary that they be fully mobilised and used in the right ways and the right places.

GERMANY'S ACHILLES HEEL

H

TOW much oil docs Hitler's Europe need? Germany herself, including Austria, Czecho-slovakia and occupied Poland,' normally requires about eight million tons per annum. France's requirements amount to about seven million tons, while Italy needs some 3 million tons annually. Among the smaller countries Rumania normally consumes 1.9 million tons, Holland. 1.6. millions, Sweden 1.2 millions, Denmark 0.9 million and Bel- gium 0.7 million.

Allowing for the needs of the rest of Europe (excluding Spain, Portugal and Turkey), total quantity of oil neoded by Hitler's Europe adds up to no less than 27 millions tons, per annum.

Consumption can of course be , reduced, without any harmful effect on production and trade by the limitation, of private motoring and by rigorous economy in other uses. Further in view of the reduction in shipping movements due to the British blockade, the quantity of oll needed for bunkering purposes will be below normal. It is very unlikely, however, that Europe's consumption, ean....ba, cut ́s balow, about 18 million tons-per, annum without crippling trade and inland: transport.

How far can Hiller meet these needs from Continental European sources? On the most favourable assumptions Greater Germany may be able to produce about million tons

per annum; this figure in- cludes crude oil as well as oil pro- duced from coal and by other methods. In the present year, however, the German output may not reach this figure.

France, Albania, Hungary and Estonia can add somewhat more than one million tons annually.

Much the most important source of supply, however, is Rumania, That country is now producing at than 6. the rate of rather more million tons per annum.

But even if nond of the Ru- . manian oil were allowed to leave Europe, and even if all of it could be transported to Central, Western • and Northern Europe, the Nazis could not secure more than about 12 million tons per annum- In the most favourable circumstances, tona.NE leaving a deficiency of 6 million

Indeed, unless Germany cán ob- tain access to additional sources of supply, Europe as a whole will be desperataly short of all, and its, Industries and › transport - will bo crippled. Thoti stocks, secured; in' France and the Low Countries can at best postpone the difficulties for a few months.

Where is Germany likely to look for additional supplies? Russia now produces at the rate of about 30 million tons per annum, and a large proportion of her ollfelda aro located in Southern Russia, with pipelines leading into the Black Sen. But Russia has virtually nathing to spare.

.

Itag can supply about four mil- lion tons per annum by way of the pipelines leading to the Mediter- ranean through Syria and Pales- tine.

Iran, which is even less ́acces- sible, can produce more than ten million tone annually.

But although the French Gov- ernment of Syria has now.. op- parently fallen in with the Petain regime, the British Navy should be able to prevent shipments from that source to Europe.

How will, Hitler attempt to solve this problem? If access to the Near East across the Dardanelles is barred by the danger of a confict -with Turkey and Russla, and. If he is prevented from reaching his ob- jective by sea by the British Navy, the only, other but by no means unguarded route open to him is along the const; of North Africa, across, the Suez Canal

)

WALTER HILL

ANCHOR

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STOCK MARKET

REPORT

Hongkong Stock Exchange Oficial Summary issued Saturday says:

The firm tone at yesterday's close was carried into to-day's short morn-i ing session, with business teruiting in higher rates for Lands and Trams.

Buyers

HK. Banks $1,305 H.K. Fire Ins: $150 Providents $4.40 Trams $15.85 Star Ferries 159 Yaumati Ferries $21.50 Lights (old) $6.95 Lights (now) $4 Electrics (old) $38.10 Electrics (new) $37.15 Telephones (old) $24 Ropes $5.80 Dairy Farms $18.50 Watsons. $8.50 Entertainments $8.00

Sellers

Canton Ins: $200 Hotels $3.50

Trams $16 Lights (old) ($7.15-- Telephones (old) $2450 Dairy Farms $19

Sales

HK. Goyat: 4% Loan 99; Union Ins:: $405 Providents $4.45 Lands $31.26 Trama $15,00 Telephones

$24.20

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FURTHER DONATIONS TO THE BRITISH BOMBER FUND

A total of $1,343,207.81 was reached on Saturday by the War Fund inaugurated by the B, C, XL Port, pid:

The Infest - donations" are!' Daria of Robble poise (in meniary of James Puncheon)

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Harbour Offion Hicksis, 83

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“The Hongkong

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ENTRIES

CLOSE

at 5 p.m. Monday, Sept. 30