1940-09-19 — Page 11

Thursday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 19, 1940. By Walt Disney

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MAGAZINE

AIR RAID WARNINGS

Some people have heard them almost daily, others only a few times since war began.

is the

Here

man

who gives the signal.

AIR CHIEF-MARSHAL SIR HUGH DOWDING, Commander-in-Chief, Fighter Command, and his staff are responsible

for giving the signal to sound the sirens.

Just as it's his job to tell the anti-aircraft when

open up-to tell the various stations when to send up the fighters to intercept enemy planes.

As bons of the Ministry of Home Security. Sir John Anderson supervises the sirens And thr mc who sound them. But he doesn't give the word for the stren symphony.

Sir Hugh Dowding's Fighter Command is the Anal deciding factor between you

waiting warning and the but the chain starta a long way back and the sequence of links goes on a long way pust Sir Hugh

-^

THE first link is the lonely observer Corps the unsung of Home Defence heroes Unseen. enthusinstie men whose job is never ended.

Throughout Britain, 011 marshland and moor, who are usually a bit beyond the fighting age are listening now in Improvised hideouts, listening for the well-taped drone of enemy warplanes,

met

They have to go to desolate places to get the quietness for their job.

They work the super-tuned sound detectors--equipment more sensitive than the hu- hundred eardrum, 21

man

times magnifled. Lonely weeks and months the Obser- ver Corps spend waiting and listening in the stillness of the duy and night, often midat of in the planted swamps or perched on bleuk, windswept hills.

They have phones direct to the local Observer Corps cen- coded tres, from where a flash goes to headquarters.

Flash again and G.H.Q.. of the Fighter Command-the Spitfire, Hurricane and De- flant boys-know all about it. Up go the pursuit planes and out go the signals sent by the chief of A.R.P. stationed at 'Fighter Command.

confidential First it's warning for the firemen, the ambulances and the rest of the great anti-raid network to stand by.. You, as a mem- ber of the general public, won't hear of these. We may have half a dozen of these in one district in a night when our fighters are busy chasing the tip-and-run bombers.

8

But if the raid is in earnest your part of the country. then the "action" signal is sent out and the warning is KAMOTE

The noise 1 part of the

Engineers took years.

JURATIO

to find the ideal wall. 11 has arresting, startling. 10

--something to make stop, isten, and heed the warning.

were

you

Factory hooters, blast whistles, klaxons

All tried in turn. They sounded too much like the noises we've tuned our ears to.

C60.

The siren has A simple mechanism and costs £40 to 14 well lay private firms to those with authority to buy A.R.P. authorities, police and local councils.

It's like a small beer keg with both ends open. In it

a roter. It whizzes round at high speed. Air, squeezed through minute holes, dors the rest.

201

THE men of A.R.P. the

remaining links in the chain from observer to you

The people who work the A few sirens are the police. are operated by air-raid war- dens and some by chosen fae- tory hands.

The siren drum is in some high place unscreened, usual- ly on the roof of a police sta tion or on a pole beside a police box. Wires connect it to the switchboard below; others take the electric cur- rent from the mains.

districts In country

the siren keg is on a warden's house. in industrial areas on factory wails. Some are re- motely controlled by a central switch many miles away.

in

The switchboards are the communication rooms of the stations, or in the police boxes.

Now, the people who work the switchboards have to be there day in and day out in shifts. There's not been a second's break since Septem- ber 3.

Their job is a simple one, On ruling out the yawning. the board are two switches, slightly larger than the aver- age houso-switch

One sets the siren going, the other the auto-waller. It'e the auto-wailer that gives that sinking feeling. you Housed in a separate box, it gives the walling, intermit tent note.

They put that switch on only when the signal comes along for "action." It stays on for two minutes. When the "raiders passed" is given, only the single' siren switch is operated and you don't get the wall.

Basil Cardew

PAGE

Doctors

Have

The

Halved

Casualty Lists

PHILIP JOHNSON Describes A Medical Revolution

Among the casualties which ar rived at a South Coast pori during the miracle of Dunkirk Chinese steward from an English destroyer

LINKS

#

The surprona needed only one ulance at him "Hopeless," they sand, regretfully, and turned away to those other men in which they hati at kenat n chance of satring ifr

tha

When, some hours Inter, thep fruk to the end of their work, the Chinese steward was still puat aflee.

They operated

Three days later the man sat up in bed, and smiled

I

HAVE told that story be rause it hustrates a great truth.

Baro 1 equipped to-day to deal with casualties, whether Jeneng the civilian population of among the Services, in personnel, I skill and in apparatus un a scule undreamed of In the last war.

All the great hospital resources of the country have been brought within the Ministry of Health's Emergency Hospital Scheme Many of them have been extended wort improved

The finest medical skill of the copritay, enrolled in the Emerg. al Use Medical Service, is PIKY commend of the Government, treating th

-rod and mil lary ensunities

be

KORITNO,

וי!

Katurales, inutters, can

Utle more than ;:,་༥༣,༢༤༤.

wisle giving the againstton of half a dozen fummus physicians and BUTTONS with whom J have talked of the ;tzl?jesct

Their view was that, if in the had bad War of 1914-1918 we the medical service ready to use that we have to-day, and could

New

B

have alled to it the skill we have now aequired, our fatal ca- have been rualties might well less shan 40 per cent of what they

were and injury would have been robbed of half is

וויןן

The names of the men and wo- who have achieved this re- treatment of the volution in our

Alured will, perhaps, never be known They are to be found in The research laboratories and hos- plinis #3] over the world, €9:24t pathularly in England

པའི་ཟླཝ

* ✡ 4 WHEN war broke out เร 1914 knew practically nothing of

Gentment. In rasunity

thee Barly days. for instance, 80 per won! of the enses of compound bj metuje uf Lite thigh, died. Dy

end of wat the gure hud been reduced to out 20 per cent. Tu-day it would be even less.

All the lessons we curned in the last war are now in use. We have not dropped one of them; and a quarter of a century of prac tice has taught us more.

In those intervening years, the history of thousands of cases has bern studied ond re-studied. Science and technique have been advanced. And Rica, two years ngo, acknowledged experts in their

spheres,

the spread Knowledge among the doctors of Baltain in on intensive course of leetores and Instruction.

Own

A

new

TEN a complace that in the last war shock due to injury more frequent cause of death than the actual local in- Juries themselves,

Royal College of To-day, the Surgeons has gone a long way to

the problem of wards mostering

The Mediul Research Counci established a "Shock" Comunittee It findings are to be published bhnest at once. Already they are being anticipated in practice.

German Fighter

By C. G. GREY

ECAUSE of the short nights the bombing of German aircraft factories by the R.A.F. has not been so extensive 418 it might have been.

The

fl Heinkel factories Oranienburg and Rostock, the Messerschmitt factories and the B.M.W. motor factories In Bavaria, and the Daimler- Benz factories at Stuttgart, have not yet had attention.

So far most of the bombs have been delivered to the Focke-Wulff factory ncar Bremen.

There the chief new product is

to be a supposedl

المرس

-OUDT

plane, which is driven by n pusher alrscrew (B propeller proper-- nearly all airplanes are drewTI

tractor airscrew along by front).

in

The pilot sits in front in a sort of pulpit, with six or eight guns would throw a round it, which cone of fire. Instead of a converg- ing flat plane of fire, as do our eight-gum fighters.

It was

designed by Mijnheer Slot, in Holland, before war was declared in 1939. 11 has a Daim- ler-Benz motor

1500 h.p. Those who have seen it say it is very fast and manoeuvrable-un- like the fast but olumsy Messersch-

of

a so-called

Mr. Slot designed "fool-proof" light airplane some two or three years ago and brought it, over here to demonstrate, but nobody wanted it.. But he did not then, to make a high- propose, power, fighter of it. And if he had dono.so nobody here would have belleved him.

information by Viber

that Uie Germans Are moking high-level Co-callest "stratosphere") bom- hers, to come over here at 35,000 feet or so, where searchlights und guns are not likely to reach (or, at any rate, hit) then.

44

"

From that height their bombing is not likely to be at all accurate those consolation for Kreat who live or work in their targets, but not for those who live within

radius of some miles. From that height a couple of miles away would be what marksmen call u "near outer,"

been heard for Nothing has months of litle General Udet, one of the world's best fighting and acrobatic pilots, who was put la technical do- charge of German

two years or more ago. velopment The faction in power before him had ordered a lot of big four-motor monoplanes, much like the Ameri can Boeing "Flying Fortress" much advertised Udet scrapped the lat, or told the makers to tell them as air-liners, and went in for high-speed Heinkels, Dorniers, Messerschmitts and Jankers..

If Udet has been sacked, perhaps Fortress" faction has the "Flying come back, and is going in for promiscuous plastering from great heights, because Udet's preference for accurate dive-bombing and medium level work through ac curate.bomb-sights against definite torgels has cost so many casualties, to our fighters and AA. thanks gunners.

High-level bombers are going to be much harder for our fighters to find and attack in the dark. Which merely adds weight to the argu- ment that the best way is to ut- tack them at source-as our in- come tax attacks us. That has been Lord Trenchard's argument ever since war was declared.

We know now that shock musi be treated as once I treatment In to be successful.

We deal with it in the First Ald posla by keeping the pollent warm, giving him hot drinks, per- hups treating him with morphia

In the hospitals there are special resuseliation wards where those dangerously shocked have Dern almost literally brought back to life.

In

Beds

electrically heated. Intriente oxygen plant là available oxygen has been found to be of the most important agents treatment of shock-and, last of all, there is blood transfusion

Even in the last few monthia. the art of blood transfusion has progressed beyond all knowledge. Our new technique

i Frare in the sands of Ilves

saved ly part of the war; hundreds of others at Dunkirk

Mr Malcolm MacDonald, the Minister of Health, lifted the veil

little the

other day when he told the world of the dried powder made from a constituent of blood which can now be used.

saved thou~

Think of tins of dried milk, and then of the many times greater quantity of liquid I will make

The miracle of dried plasma is like that Enough of it can be carried a large suitcase for n thousand men. It can be carried to the most advanced pusta in the feld. Men can be treated with

it on the spot.

*

+

ADVANCE has been made, too,

In the treatment immobiling them

of wounds by

parts. This technique

in plaster of supposed

by many people to have originated in the recent Spanish Civil War. But it

was invented many years go by Dr. Wett Orr in Ameri сп. Who the Spanish surgeons can claim is that, faced with nuner- ous casualties, they improved and

Orr technique, developed the tew A

wreks ago I was talking fo a Sister in an emergency hospi-

She was a tal.

woman of many years' experience

iTune of the

Kreat London hospitals, and she was not one given to over-state- ment,

"Come

45 800

the

she said to me.

She led me

Miracle,"

to a ward and pointed to the men in the beds.

**Burns, she said.

I asked where, for, to my un- trained eye at least, there was no

со

"

the

very

That

she replied, miracle."

These men, she told me, hud

back from France Reverely burned. It was unbeliev able that they could live: and it they did live--or sa it seemed to her-there would be disfigurement which plastic skill would ful) to

move.

Yet, here they were, practically unmarked.

✩

the AGAIN,

treatment: new

acid by tannic treatment with methods unknown until recently; and, for the bad cases, burned all over, saline baths in which warm saline water is kept constantly run- ning over the burned body for hours on end, 1 the sepsis i washed away, the pain lessened, Wash und the wounds begin to heal al- most as one watches.

It is one thing to restore a limb: It is quite another to restore fis use. In the last war Sir Robert Jones started centres for the treat- ment of fractures and similar in- Jurles

To-day, were he alive to see it, he would scarcely recognise his work, so great is the development that has taken place.

In England to-day the Ministry of Health has nineteen main cen«

teach soldiers,. tres in which to sailors and airmen how to regain the use of their malmed limbs, and 70 or more smaller centres where the work is equally well prac- tised.

SPECIAL units have also been set up by the Ministry for the treatment of chest and head injur les-some of them mobile, so that there may be no need to move a man with injury to both head and chest, when to do so would prove tatal.

1

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