1940-08-01 — Page 12

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The

Hongkong Telegraph.

Thursday, August 1, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20615

THE prox "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the Hongkong Telegraph to indicate hows which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1935, Buch neVER AN bears the Indication "UP*** ja recolved in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who r6+ serve all rigħla and forbid repoblication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemode.

Lessons For Japan

The sudden arrest of twelve Eng- Ishmen Japan on a charge of espionage may be a further attempt to provoke Britain to take extreme action. It may be that Japan is following the lines of the other dietators in advancing from one point to another. Munich Pacts, like Danegeld or policies of appeasement do not avoid the issue; they merely postpone it. But that may be Im- portant..

It is obvious that Germany is secking to involve Japan. In the

struggle. She wishes to use Japan's power to serve her own ends, for clearly Germany has done nothing to assist Jopan and can do nothing. | On the contrary-Japan-has-always- considered her real enemy is Russia, and Cermany by her policy in Europe linş ridded considerable strength to Russla, and made her a greater menace to Japon than ever before. The Japanese signed a pact with Germany to avold this very thing, and yet the Germans have the brazen effrontery to urge Japan to join with the axis Powers in order to weaken Britain, and at the same time endanger her own security.

Japan in three years has been striving in vain to conquer China, an unprepared and unwarlike nation. The campaign may easily last an- other three years, especially if the Burma Road is reopened and its continuance will certainly still fur- ther impoverish Japan. The Japanese treasury is empty, and in any case wor* material cannot be obtained even if money were available.

Russia stands in the offing always ready to profit on the occasion when other nations are in dificulties. Stalin has proved quite clearly that what; the Czars had in the past he intends to possess in the future. Monchuria was a Russian sphere of influence.

The United States by her de- nunciation of the Trade Pact a year ngo, has long realised that she was stultifying her foreign policy by providing Totalitarian Japan with the war material to subjugate de- mocratie China. Consistency is long been demanded between econo- mic policy and politicni faith. Now these have been brought into line.

Europe's Heirs are nearly all CHILDREN

N

EVER before in the history of

Europe has there been such

a youthful group of heirs to the thronos..

In only four of the twelve countries which still retain a monarch is the succes-- sor of sufficiently advanced years to take on the responsibilities of rulership.

In five others the person next in suc- cession is only heir presumptive, that is, his claim could be upset by the birth of a more direct descendant.

It is an age of youth, with, in the majority of cases, youth on the throne and youth as the heir.

The death of the ruling Sovereign' would in many countries necessitato the appointment of a Regent during the minority of the heir.

GREAT BRITAIN comes first into the picture. At the moment Princess Elizabeth is the heir presumptive.

:

Ho claim to the succession would be automatically defosted if a son were born to the King and Queen. In any case she is still only thirteen years old, and would not be able to assume the duties of monarch until she attained the eighteenth birthday.

It is, of course, the fervent wish of every one of the King's subjects that the question of succession will not arise for very many years to come.

oven BELGIUM has an younger heir to the throne in Prince Baudouin, the eldest son of King Leopold and the late Queen Astrid.

He is only nine years old. As his father is only 37, the succession should also be long deferred,

܀

The position in Bulgaria is similar to that in Britain. King Boris and his Queen, who was formerly Princess Giovan- ni of Italy, have an only child, and she a daughter, the Princess Marie Louise, who was born in. 1933.

Unless a son is born she will suc- ceed to the throne, but be unable to perform the duites unul 1951. Again a Regent would be necessary)

the

King's and it would probably be brother, Prince Cyril of Parma.

Denmark is one of the few coun- tries where the heir to the throne is definitely known and is of sum- cient age.

He is Prince Frederick, eldest son of the ruling King Christian, and was born in 1911. Four years ago he married Prin- cess Ingrid of Sweden, grand- daughter of the Duke of Connaught, thereby further strengthening tho inks with Great Britain which had already been forged when King Edward VII married Princess Alex- andra of that country,

***

Greese also remains without a direct heir to the throne.

King George 13, who returned to the throne in 1935, had married Princess Elizabeth of Rumanin, but there were no children, and in 1935 hr was granted a divorce. Unleas he again marries and has children, his successor will be his brother, Prince Paul, who in 1038 married Princess Margarita of Hanover, a grand-daughter of the ex-Kaiser of Germany, and a great grand- daughter of Queen Victoria.

ITALY definitely knows that her next ruler will be Prince Humbert of Pledmont, who at age of 36 is one of the oldest heirs to a European throne.

So far the Prince has taken little ងវ៉ន active part in the affairs country, but is exceedingly popular. Nine years ago he married Princess Mary, sister of King Leopold of the Eelgions.

If Japanese statesmen look towards the United States to-day they will sec a nution of 120 million people with the greatest Industrial resources In the world at their disposal, shock- ed out of their complacency and determined to

to back up their diplo macy with a naval force that will completely overshadow that of Japan. This war has. 6own the seeds of other wars already. Britain too is be surrendered bound to emerge from this war with reckoning takes place in

to The succession the Dutch throne is also. certain, and the country will have another Queen in Princess Juliano, who has given birth in her second daughter.

She is the only woman in 'Europe who is in direct succession to a

when the final two or

a far stronger fleet than she possess three years time. Germany cannot ed before, for the past ten months help Japan now and she will not be able to do, so in the future. Japan have proved that the much vaunted aeroplane is no match for capital con serve Germany's purpose, but ships. In addition the experience of there can be no

100 no return

this war will give an efficiency in naval and mercantile nation, if tactics and strategy, that the Japan-wise, should seek friendship with ese fleet carnot possess.

those of superior naval strength and

If Japanese policy is governed by not Isolate herself, or allow herself the short view, and her opportunists, to be made the catapaw of Germany. win the day, then, temporary gains who has never consulted-any-body's will be made; but they will have to Interests but her own:

CAREFREE KING PETER: A happy study of the young ruler of Yugoslavia who celebrated his 12th birthday on Septemb or 6. He is not as yet be ing made to take part in public 8fe.

ibrone, and it will be probably the first occasion on which a queen has

succeeded a Queen,

Three years ago she married Prince Bernard, descendant of a former small German stale. At the mament Princess Juliann's successor would be her first daughter, Prin- cess Beatrix.

Norway also knows definite- ly the next occupant of her throne. It will be Prince Olaf, the only son of King Haakon, who was born in 1903.

His mother was Queen Maud, doughter of King Edward VII of few Great Britain. She died a months ago. The ties with this country will remain strong. Prince married Princess Olaf in 1020 Marthe of Sweden, who is also ré- inted to the British Royal Family by marriage but not by blood.

܀

The position in Rumania is interesting. The heir to the throne on the death of King Carol is Prince. Michael, who has already been King of the country for three years.

He succeeded his grandfather in 1027, white his grandmother. Queen Marie, a grand-daughter of Queen Victorin, acted as his Regent. Three years later his father, King Carol, who had renounced his right of succession, returned to the country Prince and was elected King. Michael will attain his nineteenth birthday in October next, when, if the necessity arose, he would be qualified to perform the full dulles of a Sovereign.

YUGOSLAVIA is the only country in Europe where the King to-day is a minor.

+

FUNNY SIDE UP

King Peter, who is only fifteen years old, succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, King Alexander, in 1934.

At present the administration is in the hands of a, Council of Re- geney, presided over by Prince Paul, a nephew of the late King. He is also heir to the throne, and will remain so until King Peter marries and has a child. At pre- the Yugoslavia remoins youngest country in Europe with the youngest Sovereign, and with- out a direct heir.

sent

**

On the other hand, Sweden the senior must rank aa country in every respect. To- day she has the oldest Monarch in King Gustav, who is 82 years of age, and the oldest heir to the throne in Prince Gustaf, who in 58.

Again there are close ties with Great Britain, Prince Gustaf mar- ried the daughter of the Duke of Connaught, and after her death in 1923 married Lady Louise Mount- -balten, Princess of Battenberg.

Outside Europe the position is le different. There are few of the Monarchs in other parts world, but two are outstanding. One is King Farouk of Egypt, who came to the throne four years ngo, but is only twenty years old. The hett presumptive is his daughter, Princess Ferlul, who was born in November. Seventeen years must clapse before she would be eligible to undertake the duties of Queen. Japan is the other instance. The Emperor Hirohito is 39 years old, Fut his successor, Prince Akihito only in his seventh year. Yet pre- sumably by Japanese law and cus- tom he would be able, even at that' vouthful age, to undertake duties of Emperor,

the

Richard Hamilton

By Abner Dean

I'm working my way through medical college

interest you in an operation?

could

The

HOME FRONT

In our struggle with Nazi Germany victory will finally depend on the strength of the "home front."

Modern war is not only a armies,

conflict

between

It is a

navies and air forces. -struggle between the indus- trial power and morale of nations.

More and more the test of a. Great Power is not how many soldiers, but how many factories it possesses, and how long it is in a position to keep them going at full blast turn- ing out aircraft and guns, shells and uniforms, and all the other needs of a modern war.

The main, elements in a nation's home front are:-

The size of its national income and national wealth; the amount and officiency, of its industrial capacity; the quantity and quality of availablo labour forco; the ability of home defence to from prevent production being stopped or interrupt- ed by fand Invasion, soa bombardment, blockade and air attack;

and above all:

the will of the people, in spite of hardships and casualties, to carry on and, 100 the struggle through to a victorious and.

WE

TE cannot expect to pass on the cost of the war to our great grandchildren. That old Idea has been exploded.

Each country must bear the cost of the struggle from week to week, from month to month. It must pay for the war out of its national income, except in so far as its capital invest ments overseas can be drawn upon to buy resources from neutrals.

By the "national Income" of a country is meant the total value of goods and services produced by its inhabitants every year. How do the national incomes of the Allies compare with that of Germany?

The Allied nations are In a much better position than Ger. many to bear the heavy cost of a modern war. --Only-by- spending as much as. one-quarter of the German na- tional income on armaments- before war broke out-have the Nazis been able to threaten the Allied Powers.

To maice this programme possi- ble, they have placed a crippilog of the burden on the shoulders German people. They have strain- ed German industry almost to the limit.

They have already raided most of the hidden reserves on which. other governments can draw in time of war.

THEIR gold reserve, for example, stands at a very low level-despite the amounts seized from Austrin and Czecho-Slovakia, and from private Germun citizens. Even if we allow for undis. closed reserves, the total figure cannot possibly be more than about £100,000,000.

The Germans have far less gold now than they had in 1918. after four years of warfare.

Having only small reserves of gold, scarcely any foreign exchange or securities abroad, and no credit, the Nazis will find great difficulty in obtaining oven the most essen- tial raw materials from overseus, except within the small area which they dominate by force:

Their plight is made even more desperate by the British Govern- ment's decision (November 21, 1930), as a reprisal against the un- restricted U-boat and mine.com- paign, to seize exports of goods shipped directly or indirectly from Germany.

As the struggle goes on they will find themselves overwhelmed by the superior economic strength of the Allied Powers. The weight of resources on our side · is, even greater than in 1914-18, when Dri- tain's Industrial. emciency Was much lower and the industrialisa-. tion of the Dominions had hardly begun..

AS we have already seen, the staying power of a nation at war depends largely on the. ability of its factories and workshops to keep pace with, the demands, of the armed. forces.*