1940-07-16 — Page 12

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*

The

Sold Here HONGKONG

HOTEL

GARAGE

Stubbs Rd.

Thongkong Telegraph.

Tuesday, July 16, 1940, Wyndham St., Hongkong. Telephone: 20015

THE preйx "Special to the Telegraph"

under the provistama of the Telecommuni-

5th COLUMN TECHNIQUE

SINCE the

Blitzkrieg the countries to which they are 'ne-

started even those

which

had

credited.

their

FOR the Nazis this law has no governments

validity. Many of their most hitherto buried their heads important diplomatic posts have most persistently in the been held by men whose most

conspicuous quality, was sand, have resolved upon talent for espionage and under-

ground conspiracy, measures against the "Quis-Indeed, the Nazis have given an lings" and "Fifth Columns" entirely new meaning to the in their midst.

Nevertheless, discussion

"Diplomatic Corps."

term

They center diplomatic status upon sples and terrorista, especially upen of their legations and embassies men so-called "journalists", attaching to

this thorny problem all the world who have nothing whatever to do over shows that not all countries the heads of travelling ngeneles and with diplomacy. Such men include yet realise the enormous scale of

representatives of business firms. this "attack from within."

Commercial travellers become over- night questions."

"Delegates for commercial

Many newspapers are still

Never before in history have there asking how it could happen thut, General as there are to-day; it is an been so many German Consuls- in a country where to all ap- open secret that very many of these pearance Nazi supporters were privileges by activities that are de

oficials are abusing. their diplomatic extremely few, a whole number finitely injurious to the state in which of leading per-

they reside.

sons, holding

key positiona ing

the state, were

by

ready to per E. LENNHOFF

form ucts of

trenchery on be-1

half of the

German invaders,

In almost every country German residents have been allowed to maintain foen! branches of their German party or ganisations. Every where there ure

"strong points," such ns German The question can only be ciations, Hitler Youth movements, Labour Front groups, Women's asso- answered by those who have German students' clubs and, in many made a study of the technique of countries, semi-military S.A. and 5.5. this Nazi "internal offensive."

EVERY war has had its spies and traitors, but never before the days of Nazism did a

units. To these must be added "social" organisations of every kind.

Despite all the warnings of recent Is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph to

years, it is still insumciently known indicale news which is strictly copyright

that every German living abroad who cations Ordinance, 1918. Buch newsent in time of peace attempt free mon, but must be a blindly govern belongs to these associations, is not a bears the Indication is received in systematically and with the aid obedient instrument Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Axsociations, who re-

of the Nazi servo all rights and torbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemesl

The Press

SOME of the functions of the Press

to

of gigantic machinery, to under- regime. He is a servant of the mine the stability of every other "Auslandsorganisation" of Herr Bohle, country without exception. Yet Secretary of State, and Himmler's this is what the Nazi regime has closest associate. unremittingly been doing, sinec

1933.

THROUGH this organisation

The "German Secret Service," every German living abroad, who which hires' these Quislings and has not broken with Nazism, sets these Fifth Columns to automatically becomes an agent work, comprises more than Herr of the German Secret service, Himmler and his Gestapo.

He is required not only to perform

in the Colonial Empire are of greater importance, perhaps, than is the case with Fleet Street journals. Articu- lation except through the columns of the local newspapers is more or less denied the people of the Colonies who, unlike · self-governing States, have no political representatives to whom they can air their grievances. Although the primary function of newspapers throughout the British Empire is, unlike the newspapers in

It is no chance that

these "Aus- Totalitarian-governed countries,

He works in clusest touch with the Dr. Goebbels and

landsorganisations etc., as well as disseminate the news without fear or Secret service army: General Nicolai Propaganda, are flooding the world the Ministry of favour, subject in war-time only to and Admiral Canaris, who, as in the with shiploads of propagando ma- official and self-imposed censorship last war, are again in charge of mill- terial. This material is when necessity of State arises, there Lacy espionage, receive all important for less with translating Nazi Ideas concerned other and

equally important instructions from the head of the into the native idiom than with pre- functions in the Colonies. A healthy Gestapo, sign of the fact that. democratie and

paring the The Ministry for Foreign Affairs to activiiles.

soil for treasonable Irce Press exists in Hongkong is Berlin also supports destructive mea- given by lito correspondence columns

sures against countries with which it tion" sends to foreign countries men

The of our well-known morning con-has concluded treaties of friendship and women of birth and position, 16 German "Auslandsorganisa- temporary and, to a lesser (but no and non-aggression, and this, in a less important) extent, in the two manner without parallel in

fternoon

engage in drawing-roum propoganda, history. In newspapers.

these It is an unwritten law that the heads the sole purpose of which is to sup columns, rickshaw coolies

and of embassies and legations shall the defensive and offensive spirit of millionaires, have alred their griev-abstain from all legal activities in other countries,

No doubt, Himmler and his assis- all sorts of secret espionage, but, if at tants play a very big part in the all qualified, to help in recruiting undermining of other countries, Quislings, and in so-called pID* Himmler is continually sending out paganda among the subjects of other armies of spies, agents, terrorists and nations, wireless operators, concealed in every

disguise. imaginable

ure

ances; reprieves have been demanded and obtained for condemned men; government has deferred to public opinion; scandals have been remedied. In other words, the people have, through the medium of their free Press, become artic

articulate. To this extent the Press is un- fettered. It can make

ake known to Government the wishes and desires of the people. Government, unfor- tunately, does not reciprocate. The zalo zasadní Press does not desire to become the instrument of Government-we can leave that to the Nazis and the Fas- cists but it should be the instrument through which Government takes the people into its coniidence.

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In free countries. It is not and can-

meni to vell the statue of Liberty, and to mutler some formulary of dia

ingenuous acquiescence in foreign wrongs, dictated by

fears their rather than by their convictions; but we prefer to await for our justifica Ilon the day when the entombed and oppressed liberties of Europe shell to pactast and other idealist circles, They sought and obtained access once more start into life and arra who came honestly to bellove that co- themselves under the standard to

These are the false prophets who Hitter's love of peace and formed in- before the war spread the gospel of ternational societies for "promoting friendship between the nations," and

averting the danger of war."

which we cling. For to what, after operation with Nazis

all, are the statesmen of England to and European solidarity. look for strength and national power,

meant peace

If injuries and offences rise against German agents, however, are at us, but to the enlightened resolution work, not only in society, but among of the people of England to uphold all classes. They come in flocks as the principies on which our own "ourists" (these make friends with polity and independence

sounded?"

It is hard to realise

"re-

are the peasants,

09 "workmen" workers". that the search

or "travelling students." According to .cireums- more tances, they preach moderate

Socialism, Communism or Fascism.

years ago. It applies even forcibly to-day.

not be, as Wickham Steed once point-Times" asked that question ninety ed out, the business of newspapers merely to echo the views of a Govern ment or to observe the reticence which officials impose upon them- selves or belleves to be due to the positions they hold.

In a famous Editorial of 80 years ago that has become a classical de finition of the relations between the Press and the State, the London "Times" said:..

of the

In Hongkong, the desire Press to be free and untrammelled cruits (that is to any aples, agents and A favourite method of gaining re- must, in wartime and it applies also to London

is newspapers-be dictated terrorists)

by anti-Semitic by circumstances which would not arise in times of peace. Nevertheless,

agitation,

were

C-M

FUNNY SIDE UP

By Abnor Dean

2.73

SCHOOL FOR

AIR STEWARDESSES

"But they forgot to teach us the most important thing

how do you tell married mon from single onos!”

Eye-witness in

POLAND

The following article is ponned by an American woman who set herself the task of observing European events in- dependently. Her observations differ in two respects from the usual newspaper reports. Neither battles nor important diplomatic and economic activities form the objects of her observations; her concern is with the fate of single in- dividuals. "I don't belong to any political party," declares Virginia N. Matthews, "but I belong to the world party of women and mothers. I am their envoy. To them above all my reports are addressed."

Only when the war is over and the world returns to normal conditions again will it be possible to reveal partí- · culars of the life of the courageous woman who gave up an established position in the U.S.A. and placed herself at the disposal of an international charitable organisation engaged in welfare work for sufferers and persecuted people in Europe. She will send reports to her fellow country-women under the above nom de guerre, Virginia N. Matthews' voice is not that of an individual woman: it is the eternal motherly instinct for truth and justice which, cries out from her words.

IN certain parts of Europe it is not enough to possess a passport and a visa in order to enter a particular country and be allowed to move freely about.

Visitors from neutral countries in Germany must obtain a special permit to enter the "Protectorate"

of Czechoslovakia or conquered Poland. And within Poland there is a district which is as inaccessible if it were surrounded by n Chinese wall: the Jewish reserva-

of Lublin.

un

tion

of

Even international social workers are often refused permission to visit Lublin without any ground for such refusal being given. After ng in Innumerable forms, and questioning by offctals in Warsaw, my application for ú per- mit to travel to Lublin was, after two attempts, anally granted. It was accompanied by a warning from a doctor, but the news of typhoid and dysentery in

Lublin was not altogether new to me..

In normal times the hundred miles to Lublin, which Hes south- east from Warsaw, may be covered in two hours. Travelling in our small car over bad roads, and fre quently being stopped by police officials, it took us ten hours to reach our destination.

IT was already dark when we arrived in the old city of Lublin, going through the nar- row crooked streets in a death- like stillness.

the public, even in war, has a right IN many countries, including to certain information which is some-80me where the Jews

we were The first duty of the Press is to tirneu held. To-day, the one subject neither numerically strong nor obinin the carllest and most correct upon which light should shed is the in possession of important posts, intelligence of the events of the time, Evacuation. and instantly, by disclosing them, to The Press realises the difficulties these envoys of the German make them the common property of with which the authorities in Hong-Secret Service have been able, his information secretly and by secret

recretismal secrets kong are faced. But the people are solely by the use of anti-Jewish

the people.

menn: he keeps back oven the cur-

faced with equal difficulties

rent intelligence of the day with can be alleviated to some extent by "national" Fascist movements which slogans, to manufacture those ludicrous precautions. The Press frankness.

lives by disclosures; whatever passCS Unlike the Army and Navy, who from which Quislings are bred. into its keeping becomes a part of have Press liaison officers in Hong Not, of course, without financial the knowledge and the history of kong, there is no person to whom the assistance. our times; it is daily and foreverness

To all this must be added the whole

pro-

appealing to the enlightened feree of newspapers can turn for information public opinion. The staterman. from the Government except the Cautiously guards, from the public's Heads of Department, who not vast machinery of propaganda-Dr. eys the information by which his unnaturally display reluctance to Goebbels lle regardless of cost and actions and opinions are regulated. I speak for

fear that they over with the use of every conceivable "For us, with whom publicly and step the Himilations truth are the air and light of exist

imposed method, In many countries this them. The Press

no pagunda fell upon soil all the more ence, there can be no greater dispon

has grace than to recoil from the frank desire to publish Information that fruitful because most governments In and accurate: disclosure of facts as may embarrass the they are. We are bound to tell the but to whom can I turn for guid propaganda, nor even any propaganda Government, peace-lime conducted no counter- truth as we find it, without fear of ance? Who is to say what is or is of their own at all. They relied upon consequences to lend no convenient not judicious? Who is to give warn the common-sense of their shelter to acts of injustice and oping that on innocent paragraph may forgetting that in our day there are people, pression, but to consign

them at once to the judgment of the world, not contain enough dynamite. to unfortunately not only many politi The Press of England, standing as it wreek plans that have taken werks cally diseased minds, but an even now does, alone, in the enjoyment of and months to mature? Hongkong larger number of feeble intellects, entire freedom, would grievously newspapers do not betray the con- which, in the absence of an effective neglect its exalted privileges it it fidences of the Army and the Navy, antidote, succumb only too easily to failed to recollect how much is due All they desire is equal confidence steady doses of German propaganda to the common interest of Europe. It may sulf the purposes of states from the Government.

polson.

For the three of us a smoli room with one bed and a deck-chair was ready in a shabby hotel. Evidently to be well looked after for in present day Lublin many people. are usually crowded together in one room, often without a bed. Families live in old railway car- ringes, or in hastily erected, huts built of wood and cardboard, or In tents. The National Socialist Government declared Lublin (that. is to say the city and a part of the former province of the same name)`

Jewish reservation, and sends Jewish men, women and children and to it from western Poland, from Germany, Austria and Cze- choslovakia.

from Germany increased the need in Lublin.

The Red Cross and other inter- national charitable organisations distribute medicines and clothing, but even this help is quite insu ulent. We had hardly arrived in Lublin when the news came of the arrival of a new trainload of peo from Stellin in Plaski,

people Lublin and it was in this way that I came We were ordered to meet this train,

to know Renate Alexander.

*

near

RENATE ALEXANDER was born five years

ago in

the small town of Hammer- stein in Pomerania.

Her father was a prosperous tradesman whose oncestors had liv-

ed for many generations in Pom- erania. Under the Nazi Govern- ment her family shared the fate of other people of Jewish persuasion, the house was searched on several Gccasions, valuable objects were confiscated, and her father was im- prisoned for several weeks. At the beginning of March 1940 rumours of un impending pogrom circulated In Hammerstein. Renate's parents

decided to

thought th

to send their only daughter to their relations in Stettin as they that in a big city she would be more secure. The little girl was

ulonc

Into the train, and label with the address of her relations

in Stettin, with the request to fellow-travellers to take care of ber, was hung round her neck. Her uncle and aunt met her at the station In Steltin and when she wept and called for her mother, her uncle said: "We are going to show you all sorts of nico now things here,"

ON the day following Renate's arrival in Settin two- Gestapo men appeared in her relations' flnt.

"In twenty-four hours you all. have to leave for Lublin" was the order against which there was no

uppeal

rival

Twenty-four hours after her ar

in Stettin the five-year old Renate found herself among twelve.

hundred despairing people who, packed in cleven cattle-trucks, rolled eastwards. After seven days" journey two hundred and thirty people were dead,

Whoever came near the door while the train stopped at a station or asked too insistently for drinking water was shot by the S.A. guards. Those who complained or grumbled. were beaten with the butts of rifles. Some of those unfortunates suc ceeded in

the reins of their wel uiting the

Seventy-two people, owing hunger, thirst, cold and fright, were reduced to auch'a state of ex- haustion that they were left, when the trucks had to be changed, lying. _on\n" "snow-covered --fold." Litte Turn to Page 2, Second Column

Apart from a few prosperous tex- Ule manufacturers, great poverty ........ reigns in the district which even in former times was thickly popu lated Jews have always formed a great percentage of the popula- tion in this part of Poland. They were engaged in the grain and cat- ile trade and live for the most part In penury. The war and the eñore moua Increase In population by several hundred thousand people has Increased poverty to an un-. imaginable degree. Whoever, con- trived to get a meal of polatées or beetroot was lucky. Each train- of human beings arriving

joad

nor