1940-07-10 — Page 20

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THR prefix "Bpecial to the Telegraph" is ward by the longkong Telegraph” te Indicate nows which is strictly copyright Kader the provisions of the Telecommuni- catlosa Ordinance, 136. Such new AX bears the indication "up" la received in Hongkong on the date of pubitemtion by the United Press Associations,, who re- servo il rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemant,

Britain The "Enemy"

Nazi Germany regards the British Empire as her greatest enemy, and at the heart of that enemy she will strike with every means at her com- mand,

Attempts may be made at invasion by sen passage. But no experiences In the gone to

prove that powerful warships can be

driven off the sea by direct air attack; the U-boat is far from being n decisive factor in naval operations; and the Germans have no feet in be- ing that could challenge the sen power of Britain, let alone the com- bined strength of the Allled fleets. In face of this Germany could not land forces of adequate strength. on the British coast,

although this kazardous adventure may be at- tempted. The mare hopeful pian would be infiltration in small craft to disorganize Britain's war effort. But the Invasion of the British Isles by

air, to the greatest

atest possible extent, has now been brought within the range of practical operations. With this there would be

Intensive bombing alle hired the

for which

this country has long been prepared. The Germans would rely on a combination of Fifth Column activi- ties, parachute troops and troop carrying airc

aircraft. As regards the Fifth Calume, the British Govern- ment, among other precautions, has rounded up ol) aliens, whether suspect or not, arid Nazi sympathisers whoever they may be. In view of the deadly Fifth Column work in Poland, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France, and Nazi activities in every surviving neut

neutral

country within range, it would be criminat to run the risk of what a diabolically cunning secret enemy could do, with his plans for sabotage already laid, and with hidden weapons to his hand.

The Germans are singularly good at exploiting the ideas of others--the tank, for example, was

British invention and their milltary authorities were so impressed by the mass parachute descents and troop- carrying aircraft at the Soviet

manoeuvres of 1935 that they adopted this technique.

are

German parachute troops organised in battallons that are care- fully trained in Chele specialized duties.

Officially their uniform is the German Air Force blue-grey but the men may be disguised-not infre- quently in the uniform of the country attacked. A steel helmet ke A motorist's crash-helmet, respirator, hand

agun Aring 400 greninute, and perheatin rounds collapsible bicycle, are their essential equipment. Company

equipment, dropped in special containers with self-opening parachutes after the men had landed, Includes ammunition and rifles, fold glasses, compasses, spades, smoke candles and wire...

are

The battalion auxillary weapons

the 3-inch mountala gun

and light mortars, heavy medium and light machine guns and machine gun pistols.ne

Parachute attack is preceded if possible by air reconnaissance. When

July 10, 1940.

CHINESE

AIR FORCE

As the Sino-Japanese hosti- lities enter their fourth year, the public may be interested to know the part played by the Chinese air force.

It is generally admitted- that numerically. the Japanese air force is overwhelmingly superior.to.cura. 1.

To a neutral observer it is nothing short of a miracle that we have been able to fight'nt. all successfully in the air against such colossal odds for the past three years and con- tinue to fight with' vigour.

THE Chinese air force is of recent creation, dating back hardly half a dozen years.

It was only in 1034 that the squadrons attached, to the pro- vincial: armies were brought to the fold of the Central Govern- ment and placed under one com- mand. Under the able leader. ship of General- ias/mo Chiang Kal-shek the various flying units were.sys- tematically or ganised, rigid training of personnel

started and above all cour- age and

2

and troop. trains on the northern", section of the Peiping-Hankow Railway. A part of our nir forco was stationed at Canton' to patrol the southern sea coast, where wo Gunk three enemy naval craft by aerial attack These activities on the part of the Chinese air fores marked the first phase of the alr

war.

·The Second "Phase ̈· AFTER the fall of Nanking' the scene of hostilities gradually shifted to the Houthern section and the enemy advanced on Hau- of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway

chow from North and South-

With greater air base facilities as the result of becupation of our airfields, on the sea coast, the strength of the, Japanese 'ale force ly increased. operating in this country was great-

But in spite of the enemy's over- whelming superiority, we hold our own and occasionally infilet losses on them by surprise attacks, as in the case of our bombing expedition to Formoso in February, 1930,

by

AIR MAJOR-GEN.

C. J. CHOW

which took the enemy unawar- es. During this period we car- ried out,

bc- sides our "good- will mission" to Japan In May, bombing expedi

Lions to the

Director of the National following places: Commissioner on Aeronautical] *"

affairs.

strong sense of duty were Inspired Into every one in the force. So what we lack In personnel and equipment is made up by the skill superb morale of our officers which have found expression in numerous engagements with the enemy.

The air warfare in the present Sino-Japanese hostilities may be divided into four phases. The first phase covers the period from the commencement of the Shangha battle to the fall of Nanking, the second from the fall of Nanking to the battle of Talerchwang, the third. from the fall of Hauchow to the foll of the Wu-Han cities and the fourth from the fall of the Wu-Han elties to the present.

The First Phase AT the very beginning of the hostilities

Nanking, Wuhu, Kwangtoh, Hancehow, Chengte h, Hsinhsiang and

Pengnu, at each of which places Japanese niz fields were bombed.

The enemy's warships at Tikong, Lukong, Kweichth and

In

13-

the Yangtze and aircraft Canton waters were subject to re- peated air attacks. We

also s salled enemy

troop positions, artillery emplacements,

railway stations and bridges and troop trains at fourleen different places in An- wel, Shansi and Honen. Our air force also took part in the battle of Talerchwang.

As for the operations of our pur- ,,suits, in January, 1938, we brought 'down three heavy bumbers a1. Nau- chang. At ankow, our airmen in

combat w riders. Our pursuits patrolling the

the enemy on Febru ary 18, 1

shot down elever southern section of the Canton- Hankow Railway encountered

enemy planes near Canton on April 13, 1938, and brought down eight of their 18 pursulla that constituled the escort of a bombing squadron.

*

•

APRIL 20, the birthday of the Japanese Emperor, by the irony of fate, has also become a red-letter day in the calendar of the Chinese air force.

Japanese military leaders were under the delusion that they could wipe out the Chinese air force in a few weeks. As soon as the war broke out the Japanese high command sent bombing squadrons from their bases ut Formosa and Quelpart Island to altack our air bases at

at Hangchow Nanchang and Nonking. In these expeditions the

the enemy soon found that they had greatly underestim- ated the strength of their opponent. Japan's Arst attempt at bombing our

·alr_base resulted in a stunning blow at Hangchow. where eight of her thirteen heavy bombers were shot down on August. 14, 1937, the-day-pearance above the Wuhan cities following the outbreak of the Shanghai hostilities.

A bombing expedition to Nanking on August 15 fared no beiter. Of the 20 bombers that started from Formosa

ten failed

to return to their base. On that day hostile bombers were also brought down by us at other places, and the total of the day's "bag" Was over 30 heavy bombers. In three weeks both the Kisaradzu and the Kanoya. Air Corps, each consisting of about 30 heavy bombers, were practically wiped out by us. The enemy re- laxed in September and for three weeks Nanking war free from air raid alarms. Instead of day- bembing they resorted to night raids, and their bombers did not appear in brond daylight without a strong escort of pursuits,

-Our Best bombing expeditions were sent out on August 14 to at tack the hostile warships in the Yangtze Estuary and the Hongchow and at the same time to bamb enemy trenches and military depots in Shanghai. Ono of the subse- quent expeditions was carried out. on the night of September 16 when the Kunda Cotton Mill in which the beadquarters of the Japanese troops were housed was bombed. As result, the enemy sustained material losses as well as heavy casualties in personnel.

In the

course

of the Shanghal fighting the enemy, finding it" dif- ficult to make any advance on the Shanghal front, turned their atten-. tion to the northern theatre of war where their forces were

greatly strengthened In

In September in the hope of taking Talyuan to recoup for the losses at Shanghai. To meet the requirements of our ground troops on the northern

front. despatched

number. of squadrons to Shansi, where our pursuits fought successfully with the enemy air force at Heinkow Yangmingpoo and Taiyuan.

Our bombers made several attacks on the enemy positions at Tatung-

wo

the parachutists descend 50 feet from Ing false news. their slow-moving planes, it is sup-

posed to be possible for a company and the civil Junkers 90 can carry 40 The German military: Junkers. 89 to land within an area of about 220 fully equipped men at o cruising yards by 440, and assemble, within speed of 200 miles an hour. It was .4.

quarter of an hour mete

the landing of thousands of men in Their functions

are to seize troop-carrying 'planes;, and not the junctions and runs, railway parachutists, that became a decisive -and telephone exchanges, factor in Holland. But it remains to and either make these usaloss or be seen whether these unwelldy hold them

until

reinforcements nochines can penetrate the highly arrive, possibly in answer to their organised British anti-aircraft- de- signals. To these activities are add- fences in anything lito effective ed the creation of panic and, spread-rumbers,

In 1938 the enemy celebrated the Emperor's birthday by sending a large number of planes to attack Hankow. These heavy bombers, escorted by pursuits, made their ap-

early that afternoon,

After an engagement of more then, an hour with the raiders we "bagged" a total of 21 planes,--11 pursuits and 10 heavy bombers. This

was confirmed by, the

dis- cavery of the wrecks on the spot.

It is, however, belleved that the enemy's losses were much heavier.

According to Shanghai press re-

port, 35 of the planes failed to turn to their base. In this engage- ment our losses were four planes destroyed and three men wounded. On May 31, 1920, the Japanese inade another

attempt to

attack Hankow from the air with a fleet of

mat by

our

60 plones: 30 pursuits and 21 heavy bombers. They were pursuits, and after an hour's en- gagement, 13 hostile planes lay wrecked at different places in the

of the neighbourhood

Wu-Han cities. We last three planes one man killed and one wounded. Other air combats during.

iwo this period included gagements above Kweitch, March 25 and April 10, and those. above Loyang and Changsha,

en-

on

The Third Phase AFTER the fall of Hauchow the enemy advanced on Hankow by Tand and water.

In June, 1938, they captured Anking and a fortnight later the foris at Motong fell into their hands. The enemy made Nanking and Wuhu their principal air bases, from which squadrons of heavy bombers were daily sent out to bombard Hankow, Nanchang, and Hengyung.

·Our air force was equally active." Every day we despatched bombing squadrona to attack the enemy

warships and transports in the Yangtze and their lines of com- munications in the rear, Raids on enemy aerodromnes at Nanking, Wuku and Anking were occasion- ally made.

As a result, 33 naval vessels In the Yangtze-were sunk, and 100 others damaged and a great num ber of airplanes destroyed on the ground. A series of air combats were fought at Mamoch!, Hankow," Yongyang, Kunming and Halayong In each of which losses were in- fileted

enemy. on the

In one of the raids on Namyung

in June aquadron of six hostile heavy bombers were shot down by

FUNNY SIDE UP

CRUISE SPECIALS

HOW ABOUT A.CRUISE

VALI

By Abner Doan

Bite

"How should I know if there'll be any cute men going on the cruizo?"

ber our bombers were busy with ground strafing and bombing of enemy artillery emplacements ut Yanghsing, Lushan and Hsinyang.

The Fourth Phase DURING 1939 our air force, lika our army, was greatly strengthened and a now strategy and new tactics were accordingly adopted.

In both our offensive and defen- alve moves, better results were achieved. With regard to activities of our bombers, expedí tions were sent to Yunching, the enemy advance air base in the northern theatre of war, on Febru- On ary 5 and Apell 2 and 29, October

and 14 we attacked the Hankow airdrome,

chief Japa the

hese air base in Central Ching. On the latter two occasions we destroyed more than 80 planes on the

ground in addition to shooting: down several pursuits in the air, The other losses sustained by the Saver 50 military Japanese included over trucks, 64,000 gallons of gasoline. and some ammunition dumps.

Our

pursuits also gave a good account of themselves in a number of combats with air raiders, In the

with hostile engagements planes of Lanchow on February 20 and 23, fifteen heavy bombers of No. 07 and Fiat BR-20 were brought down and 63 airmen werd

idiled.

Among the crew killed were one squadron leader and two others holding the rank of captain. The material losses sustained by the Japanese were estimated .et S$10,000,000. On April 20, two

Туре pursuits of

No.

07

These aerial activities formed a prelude to the recent victory of our ground forces in northern Hupch and southern Honan.

Our anti-aircraft units come in for a share of the achievements in' our air defence. They give a good account of themselves in the pre- sent war. The following instances will illustrate the effectiveness of our anti-aircraft fire,

On September 20, 1037, the Japanese sent 08 light bombers to bonbard Nanking in four succes alve

waves. In the Arat raid five raiders were brought down by our anti-aircraft fire, and at the end of the day our ground batteries had "bagged" a total of 12 planes, Once light of three air raiders were brought down

one shot by bomb-laden plane the ex- when a

and

was set

on fire by a direct hil plosion of its tank destroyed the other two. This occurred at Kin- tan on November 27, 1937. On the night of October 10, 1938, Japanese ale raiders bombarded..

1.Hengyang in Ave successive wave which six raiders were shot

but-

teries also played a grou part

anti-aircraft fire, ou down by our in the defence of the

railways

such

Important

03 the Tientsin-

on of the

Pukow and Peiping-Hankow Rail-. war

ways during the first stage

presence of anti-aircraft at the various important

The

batteries

railway junctions prevented enemy bombers from low-altitude Uying and rendered their serial attacks ineffective. The precautions we adequate. The relentless attacks take against air raids have proven

on our people by the enemy would have inflicted for more appalling losses on our civilian fe' and pro-

been taken.

were shot down—at Hancheng-perly had not such precautions

and on May 9 seven (Hanchung) heavy bombers of Type No. 90 were destroyed at Chungking.

On November. 4 our pursuits at- Lacked a fleet of 54 hostile heavy

Com above Chengtu. It was

that at least five of the air raiders

were brought down but so far the wrecks of only three have been discovered. Among the 18 dead who formed the crews of the ill-starred bombers, were a Japanese Naval Captain who was supposed to be a Japanese air ace One squadron leader and another Japanese air officer holding the ranks of Captain. The losses in- flicted on the enemy were heavy # those killed represented the cream of the Japanes air force....

IN this connection it may also

ba mentioned that on February 2, 1999, we brought down à Japanese heavy bomber, & Flat BR-20, at Shayang.

Among the crew of six persons there was one Watanabe, Chief Armourer of the Japanese Air Force Headquarters, holding the rank of Naval Captain and Lieut. Commander Fujida, who had catablished a world distance record of close circuit,

ona

The close of 1930 waa marked by a series of air raids on Lon- chow. As a result of combats on December 20; 27 and 28 we brought down ten heavy bombers. We celebrated the Now Year of 1940 with a number of successful air TAKIE ON

on Jupanese trenches, troop... concentrations, molor transport columns and ammunition dumps at Nonning and its

Our vicinity altack on the Nanning... airdrome

resulted in the destruction of

on

AS a result of the past three years' air operations, wo, destroy-. ed up to April 30, 1940, a total of 848 enemy planes which have been confirmed by the discovery of the wrecks or by information from reliable sources.g

one

The enemy planes lost due to accidents or other causes and those damaged by us but dropped behind the enemy's lines are not included. If the latter item is also taken into account, the total exceeds thousand. Of the 848 planes re- ferred to, 250 were brought down by our pursuits, 253 were destroyed. on the ground by aerial attacks and the rest were shot down by our anti-aircraft batteries and

other military unlis, Altogether

we have burled 1,055 dead. nese airinen in addition, to taking 81 prisoners. Forty-two Japanese nirmen who came.

ground

ܪ܂

the

a

with their pinnes are missing. It is believed that the enemy's JOSE in personnel in much heavler by reason of the fact that among their planes destroyed there is fairly high percentage of heavy bombers each of which accommodates crew of seven.

When an enemy plane was dainged, its crew usually attempt- ed to save their lives by parachute jumping In most cases

they succeeded in reaching the ground without a scratch, though some of the unfortunate ones were badly burned or otherwise wounded.

61 prisoners we have

camps, well-fed, well-clad and well-cared for. The monthly food. allowance for the

the

prisoners com pares favourably.

with officers' mess bills,

are now quartered in com capture:

enemy plats brought

∙eleven

ground, and our down one Japanese heavy bomber ten pursuits in a series of and counters at Kwellin, Lluchow and Year's, Kunlungkwan. On New

Day of

of 1940 one of the latest Japanese observation planes was brought down at Linling. The enemy's air raids on Mengize on February 1, 3, 13 and 17

our owni

to

The prisoners are allowed enjoy such simple luxuries as cigarettes which are distributed. among them according to their rank, The officers are betler treated.

Stationery, books newspapers are provided, for them,: physical exercise which is com pulsory the

prisoners

in the Joss of three heavy bansa With the exception of the daily.

of Type No: 06 which were brought down by our pursuits. In the past two months our bombers were also active. The notable expeditions they carried out were, the attack of the enemy air base at Yuncheng on April 3, and on the enemy mili us and In August eight enemylary depots field headquarters, planes were destroyed when they attempted to bomb the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway. In September and Deto-

motor transport columas and, advance air fields at Yeyang, Hal yang and Chunghalang and enemy naval crafts in the Tungting Lake.

devido

are free to means for their own ro recтER- tion and amusement. Among the captured Japanese

airmen Lieut. Commander,*; and •

'are ong

one

Lleutenant of the Japanese Navy Most of the others are non-com- missioned officers and first class ifrmen. Japanese air crowE-88 rule ara very superstitious On! the-hedles of their dead we And Turn to Pago: 3, Slath

Column 1

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