1940-07-05 — Page 12

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Friday, July 5, 1940.” Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015

THE predx "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph” to under the provisions of the Telecommuni indicate news which is strictly copyright bears the indication UP I received in cations Ordinance, 1818. Euch nOWE KI

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Arms And The Freeman

Basically democracy is stronger than military power. Nevertheless the effect of military developments on the evolution of free government has at times been profound. Some students of history even inter that the ups and downs of democracy through the ages follow changes in the relations between the various groups of arms.

For example, when cavalry was a decisive factor in warfare, aristocracy assumed the saddle of government; because only the woll-to-do could afford control of the equipment necessary to milliary power. But when Infantry became the decisive tactor, the placing of weapons in the hands of the musses brought with it the necessity of meeting in a degree the deraands of those masses. More over

IL

when every man could by the possession of a small arm make a con- siderable defence of his home und liberty, polities had to take account of the fact.

July 5, 1940.

Will Nazis Stand the Test? WORLD

EMARKABLY

R little or no importance By "An Old Stager" writer's firm belief, that in a

seems to have been attached in any responsible quarter to one of the most significant re- velations yet made as to the course of this war. I refer to the account, published by our own authorities, of what really happened at Mon- tevideo after the naval action between the Graf Spec and our small cruisers.

We now know that, after hastily making urgent repairs to their slightly battered poc- ket-battleship, which was in perfectly adequate fighting trim, the officers, ordered the crew to their stations with the intention of steaming out to renew the fight with our sorely hammered light cruisers. But the German sailors virtually, if not actually, mutinied. Only sixty of the older hands stepped forward, and the rest, out of nearly a thousand men less battle casualties, refused to obey orders. - -

We are told authoritatively that they were appealed to eight times, by their captain and other officers, but nothing would budge those youthful Nazi enthusiasts. To quote our incomparable King Hal of Agincourt fume, they had no stomach for this fight. Or, as our modern lower-deck Jack Tars would phrase it in good terse Anglo-Saxon, they had already had more than their bellyful of British naval gun-

nery.

Swastika Swagger

It was when this predica ment was communicated to Hitler, by phone in Berlin from South America, that he sent the order to scuttle the Graf Spee outside Montevideo harbour.

This dramatic episode does more than cast tragic light

on the subsequent suicide of the German pocket-battleship's commander. It suggests most significantly that the younger generation of post-1914-1918 Germans, who are the most hectic disciples of Nazi doc- trine, are not at all what they have been cracked up to be. It is one thing to swagger about in swastikas, giving theatrical Heil Hitler salutes, or bullying elderly non-Ayrans. It is quite another kettle of fish, however, when thesc young hooligans come up against real fighting.

Our gunners had, in fact, obviously knocked all the Nazi Thus, we are told, has evolution- -and- sometimes revolution-in"""mili-

.swank.out.of the Graf-Spee's tary equipment effected deep changes

younger lower-deck hands, and in social organisation.

these pseudo-heroes, after be- To-day the World

orld once more is

ing prematurely feasted by passing through a period wherein the

their Montevideo compatriots, big and expensive type of armament appears to be more and more.deel-

found themselves severely sive. Airplanes cost

more than

cold-shouldered by their recent horses ever did.

entertainers. · Tanks, battleships, submarines and even some of the smaller types of artillery-these are

Not As In 1914 not designed to fit the small man's

pocketbook. But neither, happily for democracy, do they fit the wealthy man's purse. They are indeed so ex- pensive that only the co-operation of nil the people with the bulk of the means necessarily less well-to-do can finance them.

In the present war, therefore, the revolution of mechanised warfare has most meaning for democracy simply in the striking power which at the outset it has provided for the declared enemies of democracy.

Military experts are assessing the changes in land and naval warfare that result from the use tanks and airplanes on an unprecedented scale. These changes appear disadvantageous to naval power as traditionally exer- cised; this is one of the more striking conclusions of the experts. The Nor wegian campaign Indicated that air power has

has made naval

val operation near land risky and even ineffectual, unleas

super fed by an adequate air arm.

naval strategy may have to be revised. It may become mora like Innd strategy. As infantry is moved into a position prepared by artillery

the and

advance mechanised forces, so airplanes must be, brought up to make teneble, the positions that battleships take,

of

Land warfare has undergone simí→ lar.modification: It has become more like naval warfare.. Tanks are its battle ships, the experts say by way of illustrating this point. Tanke, alded by airplanes, break the path for man-power to pour over.. In add}, tion the development of the air arm baa added a new sort of artillery to warfare. The airplane is like a mo- bile gun-the most mobile men have ever known-delivering its fire with un accuracy and concentration ·op- parently more demoralizing than any Grillery fire of the

past. This war has indeed uncovered a revolution in military method. Where: such alterations have occurred in the past they have affected democracy in- directly. To-day they may still exert Indirect influences. But the effect that concerns democratic peoples at this moment is a a most direct one. It lles in a frank and even boastful in tent to destroy democracy's founda- tions with monsters which, however, democracy can harness to work for the protection of freedom.

Without secking to make even hillocks out of molchills, it may be reasonably suggested that the Graf Spee crew can. be taken as a fair sample of post-last-war German fighting morale. Those best able to judge, including by all ac- counts the German Higher Command itself, have all along held that the German Army of to-day bears no sort of com- parison in emciency, or morale with the pickelhaube leglons who took the field in August

1914. What happened at Montevideo, moreover, strike ingly confirms impartial cri ticism of the bearing and looks of those German divisions who took part in, the Czech and Polish operations.

There was nothing ersatz about the Germany of 1914. It was probably the best or.. ganised national machine în existence. Yet that mighty German Army, with all its immense superiority of art!!- lery and ammunition supplies, was held eventually, within a few weeks, and actually partly repulsed at the Marne, by a -France that then possessed no impregnable Maginot for- tifications, and had only the assistance of a highly trained but numerically inconsiderable British expeditionary force.

These facts, for facts they are, are certainly worth pon- dering when we come to con- situation. How far is the sider the existing military

German military, machine of den divisions and battalions to-day, with its Gestapo-rid-

and its ersatz morale of cal- culated theatricalism, likely to sustain itself against any heavy blows on the embattled field is a really intriguing question?

Short of Officers

The Graf Spee officers ap- parently were right enough. It was the crew who wilted under ordeal. But we know that, when this war began, the German Army was short of sixty thousand trained and ex- perienced officers.

No wonder the German Higher Command has not looked with any favour on ad- ventures, not merely against the Maginot fortress line, but elsewhere in flanking opera- tions. It has always been the

FUNNY SIDE UP

thorough-going military sense the German Army, of to-day an affair as the whole gospel is probably just as gimcrack of Mein Kampf gangsterism. It may be that time will show conclusively, and maybe rather sensationally, how far this opinion is a shrewd one.

The Goebbels theory that the German Army of the last

war was never defeated in the field, and that it finally cracked under collapse of the home front after being stab- bed in the back by non-Aryan traitors, is an audacious fa- brication, worthy of its author, which will not stand the test. of cast-iron facts.

The Day of Reckoning

Long before the German home front had collapsed, the deterioration of its field-grey legions on the Western Front was palpable. The Hymn of Hate had given place to the Kamerad act. Within a few weeks of determined aggres- sive, fighting the Franco- British Armics had captured half a million German pri soners, immense numbers of guns and equipment of. .all sorts, and driven the German legions back scores of miles.

Bluff, artifice, make-believe, and bluster may be invaluable in diplomatic encounters. Certainly Hitler and his en- tourage have exploited these to the uttermost. But when it comes to real fighting, against determined and intelligent well-armed forces, we get right back to the morale of the Graf Spee fiasco.

The acid test, as the Shavian Caesar well phrased it, is when every man must take his life into his hand, and fling it in the face of Death. Only sea- soned and hardbitten soldiers can stand up to that test, not boosting gangsters or youthful sadists."

By Abner Dean

Depr. 1964 by Duben Foncton bykdommen Inc.

"Wish I could remember what I was going to be when t

Scourge of

THE scene is a moonlit hotel

garden overlooking the sen The place is not too fashionnble Italian hotel in a second-rate Italian resort. In an illuminated arbour a local band is playing on English tune, while a crooner croons. By providing there entertainments free the enterprising hotel

proprie.- tor attracts' large numbers of even- ing visitors to his wine gardens.

One morning the proprietor is startled and disgusted to receive a demand for fees from the Porform- ing Right Society in respect for all English songs and music performed on his premises. How did the Per- forming Right Society in London

know about those performances

an Italina hotel garden?

in

with a

They knew because they are a very remarkable organisation, and because, like the Canadian Moun- ties,

they have a reputation for "al- ways getting their men." More particularly, in this case they know. because they are linked elmilar institution which guards the interests of Italians. The Perform ing Right Society would probably. have known about these particular songs if that hotel garden had been in Mexico, Paraguay, Tanglers, or Harbin,

Twenty-five. years ago composers, Lyric writers, and music publishers

grow up!"

Song

were victimised by "pirates." Their tunes and their words were used thousands of times in concert halls, dance halls, in restaurants: In fact, every place where music. is played, without the proper fees being paid. But that has all been changed. To-day, even If the music is being broadcast to you on the high seas, you may be certain the people to whom that tune belongs ore being paid the appropriate fee, Victimisation, Stopped

The victimisation of composers and others, concerned with music has been stopped in an almost miraculous way by the activities of the Performing Right Society. When dance band plays a request: In a hotel in Africa, in course of time a note of the fact will be made in the Bles of the society, whose offices are in Hanover

Square, don. Thus it is assured that com-

poser, lyric writer, and publisher cach gets his share of the fee which the dance band or, maybe, the hotel proprietor has paid for the right to play that ¦ - particular number. Amicable international understand- Finy : sofoguards, the interest of all thelf:no-

•tionality ISSUES Prema.

The Society makes no chargea for entrance feer in the way of

Pirates

annual subscription. A percentage" of the receipts is retained for ex- penaus.

In the sixties of the last century, and indeed later, a vast amount of music was played in Britain and abroad without any payment. Pay- ment was opt to be more the ex- ception than the rule. For in- stance, a hotel-keeper or the organiser of the local dance band could play whatever tune he liked without the composer

In benefiting any way, and he and his lyric- writer and publisher had to pretend that they liked it, on the ground. that it was

good publicity. was probably The Performing Right Society was instituted in 1914, and it is astonishing that at first it not

WAS well supported. But when it began to produce results in the shape of hard cash, those who had doubted its. effectiveness rushed to join. To-day its influence extends to the ends of the earth, those responsible for the making of music are earning, sums. in proportion to the popu larity of their work, and the former pirates" are brought to heel. --

The

going has not always been perfectly smooth. Both in Britain and abroad constant Attempts have" been made to use music without payment, but it is a very rare thing. Turn to Page 3, Fourth Columa

WITHOUT

BRITAIN

By Albert Viton®) [Excerpts from "Great" Britain, an Empire in Trailon," Reprinted by special permission of the publisher..

John Day Company.) plant. The British Empire has affected since the beginning of the eigh- teenth century the lives of more human beings than any other poli- tical structure, ever. erected its influence has spread over territories more voạt than that of any previous human organisation; for good or for evil, its tremendous power enabled it, during the past two or three direct the course centuries, to of world history

with moro Buthority than that exerted by any other State,

Until the last few years, certain- ly, Great Britain had the resources and influence to crush potential disturbers of world peace by diplomatic and economic weapons long before resort had to be had to arms.

If the Fox Britannica has been no more real than the Pax Romana in ancient times, the ex- planation does not lie in lack of potential power.

Yet even if unable or unwilling to assure permanent world. pesce, the British Empire has been power- ful enough to prevent dozens of wars during the past century and a half. There is hardly a European or Asiatic State which has not been prevented by British disapproval or threats from grasping the

sword.

To realize Britain's position in the contemporary world one need only consider what would happen. it as a result of milliary defeat the British Empire ceased to exist to- morrow.. A few minutes' refection will show that the very foundations of Western civilisation would be shaken by such a cataclysm more profoundly than by any other event

the since

Not collapse of Rome. because the British Empire has been So invaluable R civilising force; rather,

civilisation

tremble

because all the art DOWErs

--as well as many states at present without oggressive foreign policies would immediately rush to occupy the vacuum created by the dis appearance

of Britain. Armles, navies, and air forces would be set In motion from one end of the world to the other.

*#

·

to

the

the

The solemn fact is that collapse of the British Empire would serve a signal for all the hungry Powers of the World lounch'new and greater wars of aggression. It is a grave mistake to think that nothing more frogle would happen thin the replacement of Britain by. the dominant say, Germany na Power in the world; that instead of a British Empire there would be German Empire. The situation is not nearly so simple. Aside from the all-important fact that a Ger- fundo- man Empire would mean a

cultural change, repercussions of which would affect every. section of the world, the tragic reality is that victorious Germany would be unable to esta blish even a temporary settlement,

A German victory would be followed nat by peace, but by wars which tight extend over a century or more. Such a victory would release a new img perialist cycle over the world, and all the auffering which that would entail. Britain, howayer, is a Batiated empire, having long since reached the limits of her portible expantion; and a British victory would be followed not by new, Imperialist expansion, but by the be- ginning of the disintegration of the Em- pire,

mental

Britain's defeat would be the signat for a general scramble between der- many, tula, Japan, and Italy for parts of the Empire. For not only does each have designs on certain territorias; the, hungry Slates are not in agreement among themselves as to the division of the spoils. Their conflicting claims are too fundamental to be resolved in any other way than by force of arms. Fur“. ther; aggrandizement by there" States would compel Turkey, Holland, Belgium -if only to maintain their relative position In tho delicate European balance of power-lo enter the race.

Nor could the three score and six Stater forming the British Empire de- . fend their independence. During the century of world, preponderance: Britain became the policeman for more than a quarter of the globe, and the members of the Empire came to depend on her for protection against foreign aggression. Some handed over their safety into British handa voluntarily as a measure ol' economy; others were compelled by the British to do so for their 'selfish' imperialistic reasons. The protection the mother country has been ‚able to give them upiu now has been, na doubt, effective; but, as a result. those States have come very close to complete disarmament..

*

It is inconceivable that such world.:. shaking convulsions would not leave their imprint on every per in, the Americas. International trade would. disappear; new cultural problems would' confront w; even more pressing would. be, the new political currents. Certain Jy we would not have to fight for Canada; it would come on its knees. begging for protection or incorporation the Union. The British possessions in. the southern part of the 'continent would' also fall under our wings, whila am\I~- protection would doubtlessly force the United States to establish effectiva, domination over the whole Western Hemisphere and adjacent islands.

But can anyone fmagine that wa would tolerate the extension of Japan's. domination over Singapore, India, Aus tralia, and New Zealand, which would give it complete control over : they Pacific? Even if sacrifice, of our vitai interesta on other continents kept us out during the frst stages of the gigantic Beramble the day when one or the other of the mighty world empires would cross hot steel with us could not be far postponed. For the new Napo Jeans would dream, as did all those of the past, of world domination,

Today, when the lives of millions of' men are in the balance, and, a false step: may spell the doom Of ratiotis, in« formed clear thinking an International- affair is no longer a. virtue and luxury. for the few!:52. has become of vital⋅ in--- terest to the multitudo. For the fir time in history, pubila opinion now dem! Terminus Internal, and -foreign policien of governments; the mistakes of officla) dom and the consequent diskoters ca no longer be, bismed-on a clued Casto separated from, the "masses. And, as, I have attempted to indicate, ovată în no political structure hold: greater, in- terest to humanity, than those in thei British Empire,

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