1940-06-11 — Page 14

Tuesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

June 11, 1940.

The STORY OF OUR PREMIER

During ten years of exile, from 1929 until 1939, Churchill saw men in office who were far less able than he. For Ramsay MacDonald as Nationalist Prime Minister he had nothing but contempt.

"He has", he said, "more than any other man the gift of compressing the largest amount of words into the smallest amount of thought."

Towards Stanley Baldwin his attitude was polite but regretful. "He used to be wiser," he told the House in 1936. "He used frequently to take my advice."

As for Mr. Chamberlain, Churchill has been known in private life to- wring his hands in despair over the feeble policles of "that undertaker from - Birmingham."

One of his gibes in the House cannot exactly have improved the situation. Malcolm MacDonald, the Colonial Secretary, had occasion to re- mark in the course of a speech, "I cannot remember the time when I was not Peace Was born." told stories about Bethlehem, where the Prince of Churchill turned to his neighbour. "I thought," he said, "it was Birming- ham,"

WINSTON CHURCHILL was born on November, 80, 1874, in Dublin where his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was secretary to his father, the Duke of Marlborough, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1876.

Lord Randolph Churchill was a brilliant parliamentarian, who later distinguished himself in many offices, but chiefly as Chancellor of the Ex- chequer,

It is one of the great regrets of Winston Churchill that he never really got to know his father intimately since he was nearly always oc- cupied with public affairs, und had little time to devote to his family.

Deep Affection For Mother

On the other hand, he had a deep affection for his mother, an Ameri can Indy, who was one of the outstanding society figures of her day. It was from her that Winston Churchill acquired that cosmopolitan outlook whielt has characterised his later life.

It was. to his nurse; however, Mrs. Everest that he owed the happiness of his childhood. She was his confidente and constant companion. His friendship for her, like most of his friendships was deep and lasting, continu- ing up to her death,

At the age of seven he was dea- patched to St. James preparatory school, one that modelled itself on Eton, and it was here he requiret that distaste for study wha lasted for a considerable time.

fu fact like Bernard Shaw, he now might very well say "I had a very Houd education, but it was interrupted while

attentiec school,"

He hated mathematics and Latin and, as a consequence, found it dificult when the time came to pass the entrance examination into Harrow.

However, he did succeed, but never advanced beyond the third form, because of his weakness in The classics and mathematics.

Good Working Arrangement!

He had a good working arrange- Fent, with a boy in the sixth form, he says, who construed his Latin for him in return for on English easy each week: * subject in which the senior boy was very weak.

This arrangement worked, very well until one day the headmaster sunnoned the sixth form boy to

William

CHURCHILL'S ILLUSTRIOUS AN-

· CESTOR, the Duke of Marlborough, victor of Blenheim (1704), was Eng- land's greatest general........ His family. has given England countless soldiers and statesmen.

KAISER Wilhelm greeted cHURCHILL at German army manoeuvres in 1909. Churchill was a Cabinet member. The Kaiser signed the picture with the Anglicized version of his name which he liked to affect with English visitors.

congratulate him on his excellent His

His Experience

essay, which proceeded to dis- cuss The youth did not know what the headmaster was talking about and was dismissed with the com- ment that he was obviously betler with his pen than with his tongue, From Harrow, he just succeeded Into Sundhurst where Here

In lion really begun.

liig

he found congenial subjects, mas- igred them quickly and soon ad- vanced to a very high position in

his year.

la

When he had completed his inilitary course at Sandhurst, he found that the Spanish War in Cuba in 1895 was the only fighting going on at this time and, as he wanted to see what very much real war was like. obtained

be pertnission

the accompany Spanish troops. It was a leisurely Compaign in which nothing very serious happened and which ob- `viously was going to take a long time to bring to a conclusion, so he returned to England after having had his baptism of Are.

Gazetted to

4th Hussars

He had been gazelled to the 4th Hussars, a cavalry regiment, and proceeded to Bangalore in India, Herc he continued als studies through the books his Fle nother despatched to him. read the best of English litera- ture, philosophy and history, and never relaxed his efforts to make inselt a master of English phrase, but, of course, he was not a book-- worm, far from it; owing to his amazing energy, he was actdom fatigued, and was therefore able to spend a good deal of time play- ing polo, a game, of which he was passionately fond, and at which he was an adept.

With Kitchener

of Battle "Nothing like the Omdirman," he says, "will ever be seen again, It was the last link in the long chain of those specta- cular conflicts whose vivid and majestie splendour has done much to Invest

with war

glamour. Everything.

the was visible to naked eye. The armies marched and m: neuvred on the crisp sur- Ture of the desert plain through which the Nile wandered in brond renches,

steel, รอ

now Cavalry charged at full gallop in close order, and infantry or spear- men stood upright ranged in-lines From or masses to resist them. the rocky hills which here and there flanked the great river the whole

ly revealed in minute detall, curiously twisted, blurred and interspersed phantom waters by the mirage.

scens

and also for his courage in the battle of Omdurman.

It was after this buttle when he was returning up the Nile enjoying the peace that follows victory that au irish doctor claimed a portion of his skin to cover the wound of #soldier whose life depended on such a sacrifice. He cheerfully went through. the ordeal whidi, he said, was like being skinned alive and to this day he bears the sears, but he helped to save the soldier's life.

In 1890, he entered politics, but was defeated as a Conservative in his first election at Oldham.

brass Boer War

Correspondent

The Boer war broke out, and he promptly went out as a war cor-

His The

friends and keeping them.

As a prisoner then he was intern- ed in a camp in Pretorts, but, of course,

loss of liberis merely stimulated his power of invention and so he escaped by literally walic- Ing past the sentry after climbing a fence.

He boarded trains by 'night and finally arrived exhausted at a house which, by luck, was owned by an Englishman, who hid him in a coal mine for three days; and then smuggled him into another goods into train which corried him Portuguese East Africa.

This exploit made him the most discussed person in Africa and Eng- land, and paved the way for his second nitempt to success in a enter Parliament for Oldham after the war was over.

In 1988, he married the daughter of Sir H, M. Hozier, a colonel of Dragoons, and thele wedding was the outstanding event of the 1908 London season.

Like 80

ton Churchluplaodes of Wink- cureer, his wedding without stormy in-

did not pass

cident. score of militant suf- fragettes, agitating for the vote, chained themselves to the railings of the church while the marringe was being solemnised.

commed to

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(3)

when he alts down, he doesn't know what he has sald."

His Warnings went heedless

Churchill

Since 1033, Winston repeatedly drew attention to the secret rearmament of Germany about which he seemed to get in- formation from very special sources. It was largely owing to his warnings that in which capacity.

the nation finally woke up to the danger and began to put lis house in order.

As the Conservative Porty was Tarii Reform, be went over to the Liberal Party and won a seat by a good majority in the election in North West Man- chester. He was made President of the Board of Trade, and in 1910 Home Secretary, in remembering his own miserable ex- perience as a prisoner in South Africa, he did a great deal to im- prave prison life in England, by providing literature and enter- tainment to relieve the deadly monotony which weighed so heavily upon the more intelligent prisoners.

Work at

Admiralty

In 1911, he was made First Lord of the Admiralty and it was due to his untiring exertions In the office that the fleet was ready for its grent task in 1014, und was able to bring about the final and complete sur». render of the whole Gorman Fleet at Seapa Flow in 1910.

He sponsored the naval expedition to Antwerp and, she said, and, as many German experts admitted, he delayed the capture of the city by five days and so saved Calais. In spite of that, however, a section of the Cabinet disapproved of this expedition,

Agal later he conceived that idea of forcing the Dardanelles, but the Expeditionary force had finally, to be withdraw. The enterprise filled not because, as some have claimed, the iden was wrong, but because those responsible for executing it failed to act on the scale he had recommentied.

Introduces

the tank

He resigned his office and proceeded to France, from which place he urged the introduction of the new weapon the tank which was to play such an important part in the war.

He was recalled to England by Mr. Lloyd George how Prime Minister, who made him Minister of Muni- tions and later Secretary for War and for the Air.

very dengerous. They mean you mischief. I hear things you would not hear. Mind you have all your ships ready. con feel that there

is danger in the air. And what is mort, he added, when the day cones, I am going to be ready two. When they attack you, I am going to attack German South. Africa and clear them out once for all I will be there to do my duty when the time comes. But you, with the Navy, mind you are not caught by surprise."

and

Again later in 1910, he writes: "Many high personages visited me at the War Ofcc, but there was only one whom I myself conducted down the great staircase and put with my own hands into his wait- ing ear, and that was Louis Botha."

Escape from

respondent for the "Morning Post Internment-

+

with

ht

Very

"The collision was 116 neur. I saw. Immerately before me, not ten yards away, the two blue men who lay in my path. They were perhaps a couple of yards apart.

1 rode at the in- terval between them.

They both fred. I passed through the smoke conscious that I was unhurt.

be-

"The trooper Immediately hind me was killed at this place and at this moment, whether by these shots or not I do not know,

"I checked my pony (16 the. ground began to fall away beneath his feet. The clever animal drop- ped lite a ent four or five feet down on the sandy bed of the watercourse, and in this sandy bed I found myself surrounded by

·what seemed to be dozens of men, They were not, thickly

packed enough at this point for

mo to collision experience any actual

He necomparted-the-Malakand-will-t Field Force and took part in the Tirah campaign on the north west frontier.

About the former he wrote an excellent book willleh won the commendation of Lord Salisbury and the approval of all the crities. After considerable dificulty he

ref managed to

M commission which enabled him to Join Kit- chener's army, in the Sudan which

. "Wherens 'Grenfell's troops next "But one off my left way brought, Tʊ a complete sinndell and suffered very heavy losses, we seemed to push our way through as one has sometimes seen mounted policemen break up a crowd,

"In less time than it takes to re- late, my pony had scrambled up the other side of thie, ditch."

a salary of £250 per month with .expenses paid.

Just before he embarked for South Africa, several cases of the finest champagne were presented at a farewell dinner to his friend Lord Gerrard, who was told that he had to share them with him. In order to make sure that there would be no delay at the base, le labelled them "Castor Oll." When he and Lord Gerrard had been at sent a Durban some days they

to be telegram of enquiry only told that, owing to shortage of supplies, the castor oll had been distributed among the base hos pitals, but fresh supplies of the arrived and medielne hnd now would

duc in be despatched course to take the place of that which had been appropriated.

In Natal he joined an armoured train which was malding a recon- naissance into the country and which was ambushed by the Boors. He worked valiantly under fire for Iwo hours to remove the wrecked wagons, and succeeded, but instead of proceeding with the "engine to “shfoty" fie rentabied with the com= pany, of soldiers, and afterwards was confronted by u Bogr on horse at him. back who levelled his gun

As he had no weapon of any kort. upon him he had to, surrender. Ilfs captor was none other than General Louis Bothn who after- wards became one of his

greatest friends. This is what he says about

at that time was dealing with the Saved Life of him in his autobiography

Dervishes.

At the battle of Omdurman he

took the famous cavalry,

charge which he describes in the Brother Officer

vivid manner - which

naturally

He was mentioned in despatches glish and his actual experiencca, in for saving the life of n brother officer on the north west of India

followed from lila mastery of Entra

the charge.

“in when he, General Botha,

2013, returned from a visit to Germany where he had been takiør the waters for a cure, he warned me most earnestly of the dangerous mood prevailing there." "Mind you? 'nre rondy' he said. Do inat, trust those people. I know they uro.

Winston Churchill has always had a great capacity for making"

Later, in 1924, he became Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, a post-he- held with conspicuous success till the government was defeated in 1928.

As a speaker and debator, Wins- ton Churchill had no equal in the House of Commons; ...

When Joynson Hicks was de- fending a certain measure and Winston Churchill was disagreeing with him by shaking his head, Hicks said: "but I am only own opinion." "And Com

suld Winston Churchill. "am only wagging my own head."

When Wedgewood Bean lost his temper at some remark Winston Churchill had made, he sald "The Honourable member should not more unger than he can

contain."

And he can also be incisive, ust for example when he said "When the Honourable member is about to get up-to-address the~House, he doesn't know what he is going to` say, when he is standing up he does not know what he is saying, and

GHURCHILL WAS CAPTURED by Boers during the Boer War when they derailed a British troop train. He was taken to Pretoria as a prisoner (above), but escaped alone over a prison wall. He was then a war correspondent at £250 month.

When the present war broke out. he was invited by the Prime Minis-

ter to

assume the post of First Lord of the Admiralty, the same office he Inst held in the beginning of the war, and in that capacity he buck- ed up the Navy in its grim silent struggle to overcome the U-boat menace.

Outside politics, Mr. Churchill's interests are mainly in the literary field in which he has achieved con- siderable fame, especially with his "The Life of outstanding work: Marlborough" and

THC World

At an earlier date, he wrote novels but found that he had a namesake in the United States, who was doing exactly the same thing. so he wrote a letter to him saying that in future to avoid confusion he proposed to call himself Winston Spencer Chu

Churchill.

As recreations be has two main hobbies, painting in water colours and brick-laying, his skill in which was recognised by the Bricklayers Union which enrolled him as a member.

It s against Mr. Churchill that the German direct their most violent attacks, because they fear hirri mosl.

Commentary

on modern war

50.

commentary

оп

Yet on reading his autobiography and his thoughts and adventures it is difficult to see why it should be

his This is _modern_war

The obliteration of the personal factor in war, the stripping from high commanders of all the drama of the battlefield, the reducing of their highest tunction to pure ofer work, will have profound effects upon sentiment and opinion.

"Hitherto the great captain has been right revered as the genius who by the firmness of his charac- ter, and by the mysterious harmonies and inspirations of his nature could rule the storm.

"He did it himself; and no one else could do it so well. He con- quered there and then. Often he fell beneath the bolts and the balls, saviour of his native land.

"Now, however. Illogical na It may seem and even unjust, his glamour and honours will not readily descend upon our calculat- ing

friend at the telephone.

This worthy must assuredly be rewarded as a useful citizen, and a --faithful-perspicacious-public_sex-...

vant; but not as a hero.

"The heroes of modern war lle out in the cratered fleld, mangled, stiffed, scarred; and there are too many of them for exceptional honours,

mass

"It is mass suffering, sacrifice, masa victory, The glory which plays upon the immense scenes of carnage is diffused.

"No more the blaze of triumph irradiates the helmets of the chiefs. There is only the pale light of a ralny dawn by which forty miles of batteries recommence their fire, and another acore of divisions founder to their death in mud and polson K09."

His

philosophy with regard to war in best expressed in his own words:

"In war resolution, in defeat deflance, in victory magnanimity." in peace goodwill," and lastly with regard to his religious views here again are his own words: "Many centuries were to pass before the God that spake in the Burning -Busi-we-to manitost Himself in a new revelation, which nevertheless was the widest of all the inspirations- of the Rebrew people as the God not only of Israel, but of all man- kind who wished to serve Im; a God not only of justice, but of mercy; a God not only of self- preservation and survival, but of pity, self-sacrifice and ineffable

Love.

"Let the men of science and of learning expand their knowledge and probe with their, researches overy detail of the records which have been reserved to us from these din uges. All they will do is to fortify the grand simplicity and essential accuracy of the recorded truths which have lighted so far the", 'pligrimage of man,"

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