1940-05-22 — Page 4

PAGE

-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH:

Wednesday, MAY 22, 1940,

The NAZI MILITARY BIBLE Conclusion

Professor Banse

THE world war marked the end of an epoch and a turning point in the history of civilisation.

It has destroyed old values and assisted at the birth of new ones.

The front of the world's stage is now occupied not by a ruling casto but by the people; the conception of monarchy is yielding every- where to the Idea of a com- monwealth, and subjects to become fellow citizens.

This change may work itself out in two directióna and is in fact doing so. On the one side. we have the destruction, of all

values and the rise of the under- world ending, as In Russia, in chaos.

On the other there is n steady crystallisation of positive values; the outer shell breaks and from the Inner kernel of the people there emerges a national popular renaissance, a spiritual rebirth of thought and feeling, a realisation by the people of their true needs.

This is the road along which the German people, after Inevitable convulsions, 1s now proceeding. It stands on the threshold of n na tlonal renaissance. Rejecting the polson of internationallam and it darea once again to pacifism, proclaira itself German Dn Ger- man territory,

The German Renaissance two principal emissions:

bas

1. To summon up the soul of

Germany from the depths to per- national, cultural and form its politicul task, so that on German soll all thought, all action and all and be German; shall speech

2. To combine German territory throughout its whole extent into n unifled and therefore powerful state, whose boundaries will be far wider than those of 1914.

These are the two goals for whitch German must strive. And every what one man, or one people, de- sires with the whole strength of his soul, that he will attain. There is no power on earth stronger than the human will.

The work of renewal must be pursued in every sphere in which- the human brain and the human hands are active. Indeed, a new Пeld of fictivity lies open, one that -will-bridge-the gulf between brain and hand, the sword and the pen.

No More

Ignorance

THIS is the science of na- tional--defence, that science which puts thought and action at the service of the country's defence.

This new selence must not con- And itself to applying chemical knowledge to the improvement of engines of war, but build up a body of knowledge derived from the

earth and from the uir, trom in- dustry and transport, and from the study of national and individual psychology

Every reader will agree that Germany must not lose another war through ignorance of these matters.

Now that wars are waged by the whole peoples-this happened for the first time In, 1914-18- they will no longer be fought with with bayonets alone but corn

and meat, clls and fats. fron and nickel, wool and col- ton, railways and lorries, dis- tances and almospheric pressure, of character and souls—and most all with souls, for alongside--the their separato armles march

of and their people. Country whom they are merely the wea pons.

The time is past when two states thought their work done as 2000 ns. they had completed mobilisation and sent their armies into the field.

The peoples now fight breast to breast, and the victory is won not by the better army but by the stronger character and the siouler heart. The world war has taught us this.

Preparations

For War

Accordingly,

preparation

for future wars must not atop at the creation, equipment and

%

THE article below concludes the series of ex- tracts from the remarka- ble publication by Ewald Banse, the German profes- sor upon whose plan Hit- lor's invasion of Holland and Belgium was based.

In tha final article, Banse discusses psycho- logy and how it must be applied to strengthen Ger- many's arms. He names the lands which must be incorporated in the Reich if Germany wins the war.

way, it will best understand the need for a special science of nu- itonal defence.

Such teaching is necessary at n ilme and in a world in which coun-

tries are no longer represented by monarchs or a small aristocracy or by a specialist army, but in which‹ the whole nation, Tron the com- mander-in-chief to the man in the ranks, from the loftiest thought to the simplest wish, from earn to coal, from the Treasury vaults to the last trouser button, must be and through permeated through

with the iden of national defence, If it is to preserve its national Iden- tity and political independence.

The selence of national defence Is not the some as military science in the narrower sense; it does not lench generals how to win batties or company commandern how to train reerulis, It's lessons are ad- dressed first and foremost to the whole people.

It seeks to train the popular mind to heroism and war and to Implant in it an understanding of the no- ture and pre-requisite conditions.of modern warfare.

It teaches us about countries and

Hitler with his unscrupulous lieutenant, Ribbentrop- the man who said that Britain avould never fight.

Like other sciences, the science of national defence is divided into a general part which defines Its subject matter and establishes general principles, and a special part which, on the basis of the former, treats of the varicus nations and countries of the world from the angle of national defenec,

General Science

Of National Defence

THIS science selects and brings together from all de- partments of nature and from human thought and action everything that scema cal- culated to increase defensive strength and promote sound peoples, especially our own coun--thinking on-the-subject, try and its neighbours, their ter- ritories

capacity, and economle their communications and their of mentality all for the

e purpose creating the best possiulo com= dillons for waging future wars in defence of the national existence,

The science of national defence is the systematic application of every branch of human thought and human endeavour to the end of Increasing the defensive strength of our people.

It is the general mental of which background out strategy and tactics flash their lightning sparks.

It collects from every department of thought whatever theories and inets can facilitate and Improve the preparation, waging and thorough exploitation of war. Its content, therefore, is not drawn from, any particular sphere of knowledge. Its constructive feature is a special point of view, i.e. the maximum defensive strength of the nation ns

such, and

and the various branches of knowledge are selected, combined, uitilised and envisaged from this standpoint.

It requires that attention shall be specially directed to such matters 18 geography, economics, communi- cations and transport, national psychology, and politics.

4

L

15

the

n

.

--

Thus the science of national de- / fence is the intellectual expression of-a-nation's military will and the symbol of its heroic instincts. It of An consciousness awakened desire to assert onsself neighbouring peoples, and It is clear, unmistakable con- firmation of the old saying that the vanquished of today are the victors of to-morrow. Tooked at in this light, it is a new method of nghting, supplementing the old method of generals and armies,

II. however, we

pursue this train of thought to the end, we And that the science of national de- fence grows from a mere branch of-knowledge into a general men- tol atmosphere

which 31

all knowledge is directed towards national goal.

The

value of any special

selence to a nation la determined

by the use that the student of

+

In the first place, it ransacks literature for works which fadli- tate this task and maps which give

ountries ensive view of all the

of the world, and of the distribution of phenomena sing military significance and lates them:

col-

Secondly, it is concerned with the surfa

surface of the earth as the groundinasmuch-os-il-teaches- people to know, understand and evaluate from the military point of view the following things:-the general geographical positions of a country and its people:

the pro inland dominantly

maritime character of a

region; land-forms as such, and the connection be tween their evolution and their geological formation; water supply Ground water; climate and

and theatre of all

and

or

con fauna, settlement and

Besides this, the general selence of defence deals with the economie and technical preparations for and conduct of war. That is to say, it takes note of what foodstuffs and raw materials for industry are available at home and which must be

Imported

goes into the question of their preparation: It thus makes possible

and

1

superlor economie rauldment,

vance. This

Furthe

branch

of

in so far as

of

our

rondon, deployment,

its own interest. The English campaign of lies was founded on first rate psychological insight. -

Finally, it will not neglect the political study of the countrica of the world, for the actors on the stage of war are in the first place states; this applies particularly to

for war.

German France (Flanders, Alsace, and Corraine); German Italy (especially the southern Tyrol); German Yugo-Blarla (southern Styria); German Czecho-Slovakia (Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia); Ger- man Poland (West Prussia, Posan, Upper Silesia); German Lithuania (the Memel territory): Germati Denmark,

2.-France and her associates, f.e. the league for the suppression of Germany which emerged from the world wor:-

(a) France and the French

• colonies.

(b) Belgium at Its colonies, Luxemburg. Yuro-Blavia, Czecho Slovakia, Poland, Rumania.

3-The Anglo-Saxon group of powers which control world trade, and without whose support, or benevolent neutrality a new Kuro- pean war on a large scale is an Impossibility** '

(a) Great Britain, Ireland, the

British Empire

(b) The United

America,

Italyla

States

of

and its colonies,

6.-The remaining countries of Europe:

(a) Denmark, Sweden, Nor-

way, Finland,

(b) Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. (c) Hungary; Bulgaria, fireece, Albania, Turkey.

(d) Spain, Portugal and colonies.

1. The overscas powers:→

(a) Japan, China, Slam.

Persia, Afghanistan.

(b) Persia, Afghanistan.

(e) Abyssinia.*.

Its

(d) Mexico, Brazil, the Argen-

ilac, Chile Peru, and the rest of Latin America.

Life Growing

Steadily Harder

Finally, we are faced with the question in what form the conclusions of this new science can be made available for the service of the Reich and be- come the common property of the nation.

In these days of national and economic struggle life is growing steadily harder for the state no less than for the individual, and the whole atmosphere of danger which

the diplomatic preparations in surrounds every country to-day and

A country's general the world, from which the atmos- phere of war proceeds; the whole weight with which it backs up its political leaders, the moral qüajities which brace or weaken them both politically; all these things need to be studied from the angle of na tional defence.

Special Science

Of National Defence

particularly our encircled Reich, de- scientific sublimation in mands order that one may be able to survive it and put it to good use in war.

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"A distinction must, however, be

Herc-we---are no longer--made between creative and popular concerned with these phêno- mona in general and con- sidered in themselves, but in their connection with, a par- ticular territory, in their geographical uniqueness,

I

Whereas in the general science the main question is the military utility of a phenomenon as such, In the special science it is the topo- graphical features of a particular region and their connection with other features in it.

What is required therefore, is to get a firm grasp of the defensive character of the various regions und countries of the world, and so des- cribe and elucidate it that it can be, assessed as an absolutely definite quantity from the military point of view,

We must know exactly what our own defensive structure and the defensive structures of other countries are like, so that we can accurately forecast our own and our prospective enemy's chances in a war. We shall thuis be spared the disagreeable surprises which otherwise lle in wait for UK

The special or, as one might say, regional sclence of defence first of a country from the surveys standpoint and by the methods of the general science, and takes note of the presence of the _single_sle- ments cursorily mentioned above

all

which cannot be taken unawares by ап unexpected method of warfare, such as the.....Engilshi blockade in 1914, and gives per fect. economie-security in a und of their general nature.

This analysts accomplished,

to selonce is

proceeds pre-eminently provi

synthesis and builds up out of these elements a picture of the nation in which one sees it as a military power, with all its hu- and spiritual resources, its economic assets and means communication, in the round as it were and can peer into the inner- most artèries and nerve centres of the organisers,

general The

selence of defence subdivides

ides its material not merely in accordance with its relation to the separate auxiliary sciences, but also with the geographical setting and as this varies from one alde of the frontier to the other, these sub- divisions are constantly changing. A Hint Of

dent in character.

the science of defence studles

of communi- cation, not affect the

operation's (strategy) and the conduct of

of the battle (tactics) that is, all the ways of defending a country (the art of generalship being in the last resort a sort of applied geography of communications), but also in relation to the transport of mer chandise to meet the needs of the fighting forces and the civil popu-

lation.

A particularly important and, like the economic, new branch, of

training of an efficient army, Hational defence can make of itla science is national psychology.

but must go on to train the minds of the whole people for the war and must employ all resources of sclence to master the conditions governing the war itself and the possibility of endurance.

In 1914, we had n ärst clas$ army, but our scientifle mobilisation was bad, and the mobilisation of mind a thing undreamed men's

ol.

The unveiling of war memorials, parades of war veterans, Bag wng- gings, flery speeches and guard *** mountings-are-not-of-thonsolips.

enough to prepare a nation's mind for the dangers that threaten. Con- viction is always more lasting than enthualam.

If the minds and feelings of the nation have been prepared iq, this

This is the' furnace in which the mind and soirit of Germany aro being tested.

The new selence is thereby raised to the level of a kind of national philosophy, which clalms the first place among all the selences throughout Germany, the meeting ground where the en- tire_will, ability and determination of Germany meet together for tho purposes of reconstruction, and a new creation.

'Just as in any very primitive" tribe a man in Judged by his usefulness in upholding and de-- fending the tribe's existerine, No -in-the-futuro azarz Geroun KÜL be judged Orst and lat, once and for all, by the place ho fills. In the scheme › of «nállónal de- fence. Whoever falls in this capacity fortella kils claim to full ollizenship...

Its business is to penetrate into the character and mental life of nations with the object of discover- ing their whole attitude to war and gelling an insight into their herole or paclne temper, which may make It possible to form right judgments about one's own and other nationa. In the hour of crisis.

Hitler's. Desires

As regards the German Empire to-day, the following regional classification suggests itself.

1.-Germany and the Ger- man Empire, 1.c. German It concerns itself with the laws which determine the warlike and

Europe, speaking Central the pacifie temperamenta, the with a present population of psychological structure of the 92 millions; the proper ter enemy and the neutrals, teritory, of a true Third Reich.. Phenomena assocfuted with the will to. victory, the spirit of fur- render and collapse respectively.

Orl of much psychological knotledao_11_forgas-weapons of war, by creating the instatements ' of propaganda, which,- banod ori: the most intimate acquainianpe will the mentality of its own. people, its allies, the enemy and "the neutrala, playa upon then-lh

It is divided into:---

(m) Purely: German ̈ states: the German Empire; Austria; Danzlei Luxemburs. Holland and her Baal. Indian colonies; Lich- tenstein.

work, Creative work in the science of national defence means the ex- tension and deepening its stocks of knowledge as such; it is of interest primarily to the Relch, and es pecially the army command, as pro- viding a foundation on which both of them may base their policy be- fore, during and after a war.

The creative side of the science demands quiet and retirement for the worker in it. It is his business to travel about his own and other countries, digest the existing litera- ture of the subject, write books and draw maps in which all the rele-. vant material is clearly set forth In a usable, form.

The popular side, on the other

the full glore of hand, courts publicity; it desires its ideas to be- come the common property of all Germans in order that they may be as fully equipped us possible, economically and psychologically as well as militarily, for any future contest.

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For this purpose, the science of national defence must become

of instruction, recognised subject both in the Reichswehr und in our universities and technical institutes;

Talrite Place Lumpur Canton In the case of the last two it might be laid

Cawnpore down that, each student

Cebu shall attend a course of lectures in

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EXCHANGE and General This involves, the Immediate

Banking Business transacted. foundation of chairs of National

CURRENT ACCOUNTS, opened Defence. It should also be made a FIXED DEPOSITS received for One Year

or shorter periods in Local or Other Cur subject in our secondary schools in

rencies at rates which will be quoted on the two upper classes of our

prication AA MAANA PREBAVINGS ACCOUNTS also opened in primary schools.

Local Currency and Sterling with interami Blace, however, this method of

allowed at rates obtainable on application. The Bank's Head Oftor in London propagating a scientific knowledge

Lindertakes Executor. & Truites business, of defence and a corresponding

and claims, recovery of British Incompe attllude to it will necessarily take

Taxorerpaid, on fermne' which-znay--be some years before it can set on ascertained at any of its Agencies, and

Branches. the nation as a whole, it is de-

A. CANIDGE, airable that articles on subjects

Manager. consected with defence should appear in the newspapers, and that lectures, broadcasting Items and filing of a similar character should be arranged.

Much may also be done by the distribution at a very low price, or -even-gratis--of-a-little-book on

national defance, as distinct from, later works on the subject.

It is most important that all these activities should be concentrated in: a special government department. for the science of nations' defence, which could no doubt most con veniently come under the existing Ministry of Defence..

Its task would be: (1) to do the scientific apade work for the con- iral government and the army command, and (2) to carry-out the training of the Germán people in nationni defence and supervise aft Its details. The idea of a research institute for national defence also " has much to recommend

This is Indeed a mighty and a (b) The

German porifons of other ouuntelesi German Belglum

grateful

the task. May

Reich (Fländern, -Brabant;: Eupen." :Mal» choose the rigħi men, to carry, such

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