1940-05-22 — Page 24

PAGE 4-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

The NAZI MILITARY BIBLE Conclusion

Professor Banse

THE world war marked the end of an epoch and a turning point in the history of civilisation.

It has destroyed old values and assisted at the birth of new ones.

The front of the world's stage is now occupied not by a ruling enate but by the people; the conception of monarchy is yielding every- where to the Idea of a com- monwealth, and subjects to become fellow citizens..

This change may work itself out in two directions and is in fact doing so. On the one side wo have the destruction of all

THE article below concludes the series of ex- tracts from the remarka- ble publication" by Ewald Banse, the German profes sor upon whose plan Hit. ler's invasion of Holland and Belgium was based.

In the final article, Banse discusses psycho.

values and the rise of the under-logy and how it must be world ending, as in Russia, In chaos.

On the other there is a stendy crystallisation of positive values: the outer shell breaks and from the inner kernel of the people

there emergen a national popular renaissance, a spiritual rebirth of thought and feeling, a realisation by the people of their true needs.

This is the road along which the German peopic, after inevitable convulsions, is now proceeding. of a na- It stands on the threshold

renatance. Rejecting the tional

of internationalism and poison pacifism, I dares once again to proclaim itself German on Ger- man teritory.

The German Renaissance has two principul missions:-

To summon up the soul of Germany from the depths to per

its national, cultural and form form political task, Бо that on German soll all thought, all action and ali

German; shall be

and

speec To combine German territory throughout its whole extent into a uniled and therefore powerful state, whose boundaries will be far wider than those of 1914.

These are the two goals for which every German must strive. And what one man, or one people, de- sires with the whole strength of his soul, that he will attain. There is no power on earth stronger-than the human wil

applied to strengthen Ger- many's arms. He names the lands which must be incorporated in the Reich if Germany wins the war.

Way!

It will beat understand the need for a special selence of na- tional defence.

Such teaching is necessary at a time and in a world in which coun-

tries are no longer represented by

monarchs or a small aristocracy of by a specialist army, but in which the whole nation, from the com- mander-in-chief to the man in the ranks, from the loftiest thought 10 the

simplest wish, from corn to coat, from the Treasury vaults

last trouser button, permeated through and through with the idea of national defence, if it is to preserve its national Iden- thly and political independence.

the....

ta

Hitler with his unscrupulous lieutenant, Ribbentrop→ the man who said that Britain would never fight.

Like other sciences, the science of national, defence is divided Into a general part which defines its subject must be

matter and establishes general principles, and a special part which, on the basis of the former, treats of the various nations and countries of the world from the angle of national defence. General Science

The science of national defence hot the same as military science in the narrower sense; it does not teach generals how to win bottles or company commanders how train recruits. It's lessons are ad- dressed first and foremost to the whole people

to

It seeks to train the popular mind to heroism and war and to implant in it an understanding of the na- ture-and-pro-requisite conditions_of_ modern warfare.

It teaches us about countries and The work of renewal must be

peoples, especially our own.coun- pursued in every sphere in which

try and its neighbours, their ter- the human brain and the human

and economic capacity, ritories hands are neive. Indeed, a new

their communications ond their field of nellvity lies open, one that

of purpose will bridge the gulf between brain-mentality-all for the

con- creating the best possible and hand, the sword and the pen.

ditions for sing future wars in

waging defence of the national existence.

The science of motional defence is the systemalle application of every branch of human thought and human endeavour to the end of increasing the defensive strength of our people.

No More

Ignorance

THIS la the science of na- tional defence, that science which puts thought and action at the service of the country's defence.

This new science must not con- fine itself to applying chemical knowledge to the Improvement of engines of war, but bulld up a body the of knowledge derived from earth and from the air, from in- dustry and transport, and from the study of national and individual psychology

that Every reader will agree Germany must not lose another these war through ignorance of matters.

Now that wars are waged by the whole peoples-this happened for the first limo in 1914-18———- they will no longer be fought with bayantie alone but with and fats, olis and and meat, iron and nickel, wool and cot- tom railways

dis- and ton,

lorries, tances and atmospherle pressure. character and souts and most of all with souls, for alongside the acparale armies march their of and their people, country

whom they are merely the wea-

MOTZAL

The time is past when two states thought their work done as soon as they had completed mobilisation

sent their armies into the field. The peoples now fight breast to breast, and the victory is won not by the beller army but by the. stronger character and the stouter heart. The world war has taught us this.

Preparations

For War Accordingly,

preparation for future wars must not stop at the creation, equipment and training of an efficfent army,, but must go on to train the minds of the whole people for the war and must employ all resources of science to master the conditions governing the war itself and the possibility of enduranco.

In 1914, we had a first class army, but our sclentine mobilisation was bad, and the mobilisation of men's minds a thing undroarned of.

The unvelling of war memorials, parades of war veterans, flag wag mountings are not of themselves

It is the general mental of which background out strategy and tactles flash their lightning sparks.

It collects from every department of thought whatever theories and facts can facilitate and Improve the preparation, waging and thorough exploitation of war. Its content, therefore, is not drawn from any particular sphere of knowledge. Its constructive feature is a special point of view, Le. the maximum defensive strength of the nation as and the various branches of such, and knowledge are selected, combined. alilised and envisaged from this standpoint.

It requires that attention shall be specially directed to such matters as geography, economies, cornmuni- and transport. national eations psychology, and politics.

in

this

Thus the science of national de- fence is the intellectual expression of a a notion's military will and the It symbol of its heroic instincts.

the

of an consciousness awakened desire to assert oneself against neighbouring peoples, and It is a clear, unmistakable con- Armation of the old saying that

to-day the vanquished of

are the victors of to-morrow. Locked at

this light, it 15

a new method of fighting, supplementing the old generals and

armies. method of

If, however, we pursue train of thought to the end, we and that the science of national de- fence grows from a mere branch general men- of knowledge Into Ini atmosphere In which all is directed towards n goni.

special value of

any science to a nation is determined by the use that the student of national defence can make of it. This is the furnace in which the mind and spirit of Germany are being terte

terled. ____The_new_ science is thereby raised to the level of a kind of national philosophy, which claims the first place among all the sciences throughout Germany, as the meeting ground where the on- tire will, ability and determination of Germany meal together for tho purposes of reconstructlen, and a new creation.

knowledge

The

Just sa în sny very primitive tribe a man la Judged by his usefulness to upholding and de- fending the tribe's existence, so

bo fudged first

gings, flory speeches and guard the future every German will

enough to prepare a nation's mind for the dangers that threaten. Con...

viction is always more lasting than enthusiasm.

Tetite minds and feelings of de ration have been prepared, in” this

LA

and'. Inst. ance and for all, by the place he fills in the schemo of national dos

falls in this fenes. Whoever oapacity forfoll# Tim Chains 13" ball citizenship.

Of National Defence.

THIS science selects and brings together from-all de partments of nature and from human thought and action everything that seems cal- culated to increase defensive- strength and promote sound thinking on the subject.

In the first pince, it ransacks Hilerature for works which facili- tate this task and maps which give

a comprehensive view of all the

countries of the world, and of the distribution of phenomena posses- sing military significance and col-

Jakis.

Secondly, it is concerned with the surface of the earth as the groundwork and theatre of all history, inasmuch as it leaches people to know, understand and evaluate from the military point

or

It's

own. Interest,, The English campalm of lles was founded on first rate psychological insight.

Finally, It will not neglect the political study of the countries of the world, for the actors' on tho stage of war are in the first place states; this applies particularly to the diplomatie preparations for war. A country's general position in world, from which the atmos- phere of war proceeds; the whole weight with which it backs up its political leaders, the moral qualities which brace or weaken them both ́

the

politically; all these things need to be studied from the angle of na- tional defence,

Special Science

Of National Defence

Here we are no longer concerned with these pheno- mena in general and con- sidered in themselves, but in their connection with a par- ticular territory, in their geographical uniqueness.

Whereas in the general science the main question is the military utility of a phenomenon as such, in the special science it is the topo graphical features of a particiilor their connection with region and other features in it

What is required therefore, is to firm grasp of the defensive character of the various regions and countries of the world, and so des- cribe and elucidate it that it can be assessed as an absolutely, definite quantity from the military point of

of view

geographical positions of general gee following things:-the 12 country and its

get a Its people; the pre- dominantly intand

maritime character of a region, land-forms as such, and the connection be tween

their evolution, and their geological formation; water supply and and ground water; climate vegetation; fauna, settlement and landscape.

view.

We must know exactly what our own defensive structure and the defensive structures of other countries are like, so that we can' accurately forecast our own and our prospective enemy's chances in a war. We shall thus be spared the disagreeable surprises which otherwise lo in walt for

Besides this, the general selence of defence deals with the economic and technical preparations for and conduct of war. That is to say, It takes note of what foodstuffs and raw

materials for Industry are available at home and which must be

129. imported and goes into the question of their preparation: It thus makes possible

economic equipment, superior which cannot be taken unawares

TA

unexpected method warfare, auch as the English blockade in 1914, and gives per-. fect economic security in ad-

This vance.

branch of our science is pre-eminently provi- dent studies

by

en in character,

of

Further, the

the science of defenes all questions of communi- 50 far as they

cation, not only

ot only in

affect mobilisation, deployment, the conduct of operation's (strategy)

and

the conduct of the battle (tactics)-that all the (the waya defending a

of

art of generalship being in the last a sort of applied geography resort of communicationa); · but also in relation to the transport of mer- chandise to meet the needs of the fighting forces and the civil popu- Jutton.

A particularly important and, Ilke the economie, new branch of this selence is national psychology. Its business is to penetrate into the character and mental ille of nations with the object of discover- ing their whole attitude to war and Insight into their herole getting an or pacifle temper, which may make It possible to form right judgments about one's own and other nations In the hour of crisis.

It concerns itself with the laws * which determine the, warliko and

the pacifie temperaments, psychological enemy phenomena

the of structure

the and the noutrals, .the associated with the will to victory, the spirit of*sur-

Qut

render and collapse rebre assess.

of

such

knowledge it forges weapons of war, by creating the instruments. of “propaganda, which, based, on the most Intimate Requafntanoo with the mentality of its own people, its antes, un ensenyarina "the neutraim, plays upon, them in

The special or, as one might say, regional science of defence first of alf surveys a country from the standpoint and by the methods of the general selence, and takes note of the presence of the single ele ments cursorily mentioned above and of their general nature.

This analysis accomplished, it proceeds to synthesis and builds up out of these elements a picture of the nation in which, one sees it as a military power, with all its hu-

and spiritual mon

resources, its and assets

means of economic communication, In the round as it, were and can peor lato the inner- most arteries and nerve centres of the organism.

The general science of defence subdivides its material, not merely in accordance with its relation to the separate auxiliary sciences, but also with the geographical setting; and as this varies from one side of the frontler to the other, lese sub- divisions are constantly changing, A Hint Of

Hitler's Desires

As regards the 'German Empire-to-day, the following. regional classification suggests itself.

1.-Germany and the Ger man Empire, i.e. German Central Europe, speaking with a present population of 92 millions, the proper ter ritory of a true Third Reich.

It is divided into

(a) Purely German slateri 1h0 German Empire; Austria;- Danir: Luxemburg; Holland and her East Indian colonies; : Lich- tenstein...

:

German Franco (Flanders, Alsson and Lorraine); German Italy (especially the southern Tyrol): German Yugo-Slavia (souther Blyria); German Czecho-Blovakia (Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia); Ger- man Poland (West Prussia, Posen, Upper Silesia) German Lithuanis the Memel territory); German Denmark.

2. Franco and her associates, 4.0. the league. for the suppression of Germany which emerged from the world war

(a) Franco and the French colonies.

(b) Belgium and its colonies, Luxemburg, Yugo-Blavia, Czecho- Slovakia, Poland, Rumania......

3-The Anglo-Saxon group of powers which control world trade, and without whose support or benevolent neutrality a new Euro-

pean war on a large scale is an impossibility:

(a) Great Britain, Ireland, the

6-The remaining countries of Europe:-

Wednesday MAY 22, 1940.

'Now we know

we're going to like it here"

British Empire

(b) The United

State# of

America...

Italy and is colonies.

CASTONIA

5-Russia

way

(a) Denmark, Sweden,

Finland;

Nor-

(b) Lithuania, Laivia, Estonia.

(0) Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Turkey

(d) Spain, Portugal and a polonies.

7-The oversens powers:

(a) Japan, China, lam.

Persia, Afghanistan.

(b)

Persia, Afghanistan.

(c) Abyssinia.

(d) Mexico, Brazil, the Arren-

tine, Chile l'eru, and the rest of Latin America,

Life Growing

Steadily Harder

Finally, we are faced with the question in what form the conclusions of this new science can be made available for the service of the Reich and be come the common property of the nation.

In these days of national and economic struggle Ilfe is growing steadily harder for the state no less than for the individual, and the whole atmosphere of danger which surrounds every country to-day and particularly our encircled Reich, de- mands sclentile sublimation in order that one may be able to survive it and put it to good use in war.

Any form of thought or aspira- tion of activity which is of use to the country demands every possible support from the state and the na- tion itself. -----

A distinction must, however, be made between creative and popular work, Creative work in the science of national defence means the ex- tension and deepening its stocks of knowledge as such; it is of interest. and ex- primarily to the Reich, pecially the army command, as pro- viding a foundation on which both of them may lose their polley be- fore, during and after a war.

The creative side of the science demands quiet and retirement for the worker in it. It is his business to travel about his own and other countries, digest the existing litera- ture of the subject, write books and draw maps in which all the role- vant material is clearly set forth In n'usable form.

The popular side, on the other hand, courts the full glare of publicity; it desires its ideas to be come the common property of all Germans in order that they may be possible. fully equipped economically and psychologically as well as militarily, for any future contest.

08

IS

For this purpose, the selence of national defence must become A of instruction, recognised subject both in the Reichswehr and in our universities and technical institutes; in the case of the last two it might be Inld down that

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the immediate involves foundation of chairs of National Defence. It should also be made a subject in our secondary schools in the two upper classes of our primary schools.

Since, however, this method of propagating a scientific knowledge of defence and a corresponding atlitude to it will necessarily take, some years before it can net on the nation as whole, it is de- sirable that articles on subjects should connected with defence

appear in the newspapers,' and, that lectures, broadcasting items and films of a similar character should be arranged..

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