1940-05-18 — Page 20

IT PAGE 2 HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

The Nazi Military Bible: INSTALMENT

RUSSIA is in many respects the antitheals of England. It may not be an island lying off tho European coast, but neither the country nor the people nor the civilisation really belongs to. Europo; in spite of two centuries of ardent endeavour it remains a part of Asia, with which its Apaciouancas, land bound char- acter, Mongoloid blood and stagnant immobility link it.

Russia entered the circle of European powers not much later than England, but as a land, not asen power. Both of them press heavily on others, England by her fleet, hor command of the sea, her cammorca and her threats of blockade, Russia by her enorm- ous army which comes along like n ateam rollor, and can never be finally cornered and beaten in its own country,

Both are world powers, Enge. Lind in virtue of her overseas colonies held together by a finely spun web of sea routes, Russia by her vast Asiatic colony which morgen imperceptibly into the mother country.

was and is

Russian industry totally inadequate for equipping n large army or keeping it up- plied through a long war.

During the world war the Rus- slan armament industry only succeeded in producing one mil- lion new or reconditioned rifles' during 1914 and 1915; this even with the three quarters of amil- Hon imported from abroad, was not nearly enough to cover the demand for that period, which amounted to three or four mil-" lions. It was not till 1916 that home production and imports be- tween them proved adequate; the. field artillery, and this deficiency was not remedied till the end of .1917, when the Russians begun to withdraw their army from the front.

The heavy artlilery was in even worne case; during the retreat of 1915 it constantly had to be with- drawn from the scene of action through lack of shells.

Japan And

The Allies

not even

Had the Germans succeeded in keeping Japan nway from the Allies and, it possible, as u benevo- ient neutral (we will suggest the notion of an alliance) the Russians would have been able to make comiderably less use of the Siberian railway for supplying the needs of their army, or per- none at all-in which-cure hops Russia could hardly have gone on with a war which put such an un- dreamed of strain on industry, beyond the spring of 1915. This may serve as a lesson in case of future

alliances with

wars

or

Russia

Russia, which is still an im- mensely popalous country, is Impotent except in alliance with a highly dustrialised power. Among her neighbours the only ane that is this

this description is Germany; all the other Industrial countries (England, France, America, perhaps Japan) Can only maintain communications with her wertern regions, which will decide the military Issue, by the most difficult and devious channels.

Russia, both old and new, is a country of many nationalities, so that we cannot very well speak of a Russion character covering the whole of Russia.

There

something resigned and brooding about them, and they will often follow up one action with n completely contradictory one which takes us, with our ways of think- ing, completely, by surprise.

Blank indiference may suddenly burst forth into violent nelion,

into

parently hopeless stupidity

teriority and a vague

feeling of

has its coun- terpart in fils of absurd arrogance. They will knuckle under to brute force ruthlessly applied, but overy now and again their suppressed murmuring breaks out into an un- governable fury in which they do things that they often bitterly regret afterwards.

The Russian masses are incap- able of any progressive develop- ⚫ment or enterprise on their own, but the weight of their numbers and their bűnd obedience enable them to be used, under resolute leadership, is a means to the scoomplishment of great tasks,

Must Be

Under The Whip

With a strong hand over them they can be mlied upon, not other- wisa; without it, the unstable side of Ulicir character comes

to the -front,, and instead of the mighty Russian Empire the foreigner finds a vast collection of isolated vil

lagco/

The Great Russian nation never knows what it wants, it oscillates belplessly between action and › dream, it kisses Its ikona with Penitential devotion and then goes straight off and gets blind drunk, on vodka, Blk/The,mation ́anza

a whole always stands behind its leaders. even when the latter am auddenly changed, as In 1917. The government can always count ontwo Instincis complete and unquestioning accop- -tance of its decrees, and a lack of critical sense which always shouts

ON THIS PAGE are further extracts from "Raum Und Volk

Im Welkirlege," the "bible" of the German Army.

In previous chapters, the author, Professor Ewald Banse (Professor of Military Science at Brunswick University), wrote of the methods Germany would employ in invasion of France, Belgium, Holland and Britain. We have seen the methods put into practice in Belgium and Holland,

To-day is described German military opinion of Russia and Japan.

GERMANY

AND THE

STEAM

ROLLER

hurrch for the man who has the power and uses it ruthlessly.

The Aral mamed Instinct accounts for the dumb obedience of the soldiers, who allowed themselves to be, driven into- batile, in solid masses like sheep and mawn down by the superfor technical equipment and strategy of the enemy: the second for the prompt seizure of power by the Soviets, Inasmuch as the pea sants, who were supposed to be so devoted to the Tsar, In most cases cheerfully accepled the 'change of government without in

the least realising what it meant. -

The class which rules these mensses has hardly any roots in them. Under

the Tear it was mostly Germanic with an inter- national streak, and

Russian- nationallt in complexion; to-day it is wholly international, with the caster-Jewish cum Tarlar cum Caucasian note predominating.

Whatever its composition, It has always known that force is the only thing which can set the Russian masses, with their half dumbly subralesivo, half rebellious charac- ter, moving along the line which a far sighted government is bound to adopt if it wants to keep its own and its country's end up against foreign powers.

to

Squirment

ferior numbers, in no small degree to the deficiencies of the Russians.

Falkenhayn

And Napoleon

The great difference between the Russia in 1915 and Napoleon's in 1812 is that In 1812 there were no railways, so that the French advanced in lines with a narrow front, which meant that their rearward communlea- ilans were in great danger; in other. words, they were handicapped in every possible way by the size of the country.

German advance into

The Germans a hundred years later took the railways with them, which made their communications safe, especially as they advanced on a bread front; hence the sizo of the country only militated against them in so far as they were out to attack the enemy; afler- wards, and as soon as the railway was functioning, it shrank and lost much of its perilousness.

With modern pioneering tech- of rallways, nique, destruction bridges and roads causes a merely momentary delay, hence it only affects troops in pursuit, not com- munications.

The tragedy of the German offen- sive in Russia in 1915 is that when the Lord had delivered the Rus- sion army into our hands we threw away our chance of annihilating it because that was no part of our

(he. Falkenhayn's) pinn,

pinn, having

been dismissed in advance as hope- less. After the loss of the battle of the Marne, almost the only, thing left for us apart from an invasion

FIFTH

STATE CLOTHI

Red troops drawn up in a square in Moscow.

Publication of these extracts was rendered possible by the translation of the original German document into English by Messrs. Lovat, Dickson, the well-known British publishing house, who, despite German threats, published the document under the title "Germany, Prepare for War."

The Russian army thus did the same thing in the east ALL the British navy

did in the west; both pressed heavily upon us by merely being there, that and nothing else.

And we must not conceal from - ourselves the fact that the harsh manner in which we conducted the negotiations for the peace of Brest-Lilovsk between December 1917 and March 1918 was partly responsible for this condition of affairs, with all the fatal con- requences to us which

talled.

en-

We have here an instance of the fallure of our government and our higher command to grasp the situn- tion, especially where it touched on the domain of national psychology. It is not only by military but also by psychological

that 1.Weapons wars are waged, won-and lost.

The collapse of Russia became

open-are

-and--irretrievable..when. -quito..

the Bolshevists came Into power under the leadership of Lenin in the autumn of 1917.

When our higher command. sent. Lenin in a

.

goal of predominance In costern Asla and supremacy over China. This explains her declaration of war against Germany on August 23, 1014, preceded on August 15 by an ultimatum caurbed in most Impudent terms, the product of ac- cumulated irritation and self im- portance.

Next followed the conquest of our Chinese concession of Klao- chau, whose capital Taingize sur- rendered on November 7, 1914, for lack of munitions, after an ab- surdly elaborate two months' siege, considering that it was nothing more than # forlifed watering place.

The first move towards the Pacific was also made at this time, the Japanese chasing German ships in the company of British cruisers small and occupying some of our and unprotected South Sea Islands, where they came into

with the British from petition

When at the

the end of 1917 United States on their entry into the War conceded to the Japanese

-in- special privileges in China, sealed conci

be rear might order that their from Swizerland through Ger- many to Russia. it little knew it secure, Japan reached the height of her power and began openly to was signing Germany's death- warrant.

preach a kind of Monroe doctrine for the Far East. Moreover, by 1017-18 when every British and American ship was needed for ser- vice in Europe, Japon liad estab tished her commercial supremacy in the Pacific and was able to build a large merchant fleet.

The occupation of large portions of South Russia especially, by Ger-

·man “and: Austro-Hungarian troops (they got as far as a line drawn from Lake Peipus through Polotsk, Mohlley, and Blelgorod to Rostov- on-the-Don, besides seizing Trans Caucasia) left the Russian army, untouched. And the fact that! under the peace of Brest-Litovsk, which Russia was eventually com pelled to sign, she

"permanently" fost Poland, Lithuania, Courland and Finland, and temporarily

lost which Estonia,

Lithuania and meant that she was almost com- pletely excluded from the Baltic; and that the Ukraine, her chici granary, was taken away from her, was all of no real value as long as Germany and Austria had not won the

Wor. The fact was that the fate of the east could only be de elded in the west,

Japan Like

Great Britain

Japun is an island. empire lying off the middle of the east coast of Asia and her geographical post- tion is therefore similar to Great Britain's. Politically and economic- ally Japan's hour only camo when, with

the

of western mari- arrival of time and commercial

powers on the scene, the centre of gravity in eastern Asia shifted from the mainland to the coasts and adjacent sea, and when the Pacife, 100, studdenly became of importance to

eastern Asia..

More rapidly, perhaps, over than England In the 17th century, Japan at the close of the 19th realised the nature of the change, adopted herself to the now situa tion and sought to take a place among the great powers.

tory if of the Since the territóry Japanese motherland the three

Islands, of Hondo, Shikoku, and Klushiu, to which may be added the bleak northern island of Jesse small and mountainous. 13

and

Japanese familles

The Russian soldier, accustomed to being ordered about for genera- tions submitted willingly, if in most cases Ignorantly, to milltary discipline. Contemptuous of death, he went bravely and clumsily. Into battle in

denso waves, dumbly re- signed

fate. He knew that his

of England Was to dispose of the he was fighting against superior

Russian Army completely and then training, and technical

concentrate our whole strength on His stoica) determina-

the western front. We might have tion was as impotent on the ruth- done this during the spring of leas but not sufficients

when there was as you that spect and

ties of

his lenders

to our castern front from Rumania, the

German

when superiority of

economie life at home. England still had relatively Otherwise wo

If she few men in the places even routed the Immense could never

and in no question of hay

repulsed

was, necessary for

„to become, a,,

to a. treat power, forces of the Russians in 1914 with

the Allies.

extend hier: territories to the From the end of 1917 onwards adjacent mainland, whence she such few troops, some of which

right through 1918 the revolution- could aim at dominating the whole were past, the age for selive ser-

sia and the Pacific. of, enstem ATY Russian army and Russia vice.....

First Chin played an extremely Im- generally

was humbled; portant, though purely passive

thur Russel WALE shortly after part, both in relations to us and

Wards, beateng und with the no- the Alles in determining the fur-

- qualtion of --- Koren, kid ther course of the War

art of Smabalin and southern part of the establishment of a foothola in southern Menchuria, the ex- fension of TRPARCELA

In retreat, however, though not In attack the Rusalan higher.com-- mard showed Ita skill and prevent ed us from over enveloping the whol

Bearing pray, Farbe

mind all this and also the shortage of artus and munitions in a country so little indurrialised and almost cut off from its alles, we must not conceal from our- selves that we owe our victories, which were all achieved with In

field

and there was

of American help for.

The Russian army fought against u no more but it continued to exist and thereby caused us to leave a million men in Ruskin,' 'as result of which we werks too weals form the decisive, struggle" of 1918 'on the western front;"

Asla

But Japan's; efnins were

the

to

- taken hilágailier, seriously - until the world war save her the chance-

approaching much nearer to her

of

The permanent results of the war years for Japan were(1) the removal of the German (in-: cidentally the smallest) obstacle. and the farther thrusting back of Rumia in Manchuria; (2) the of a respected great power Tank of

of 90 millions, with a

a population

the Far East which overshadows the and without whoso consent

110 Uhing can be quarters; a undertaken in that [againit that (3), a new pollucal estrangement from Great Britain and the United States, who, a

are concerned at all cost to prevent from shutting the door against them in China.

Bince Japan cannot concern us a theatre of war within any measurable falure, we need not deal with her territory and may content ourselves with a fow words about' the Japanese

character,

is chief features are imita- tiveness and ambition, patriotism and chivalry, energy and, a posi- tively, pedantic persoverance. This sexplains the amazing rapidity with which Japan has since the fsixties of last century emerged from dark- est mediaevalism. Into the light of modern civilisation, having recog nised

that, if she

to preserve her national existence and her political Iridependence, she must resort to the use of European weapons.

Here she stands in marked con- trast to the far greater Chinese nation which does not possess this stem determination. The Japaneso devoles all his mental and moral and all his labour to the

promotion of his country's interests,

.and his roward is that in scarcely. halt a century Japan has become a great power with a volee in 'world affairs.

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