1940-05-18 — Page 2

PACE 2-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

The Nazi Military Bible:

RUSSIA is in many respects the antithesla of England. It may not be an island lying off the European coast, but nelther the country nor the people nor the civilisation really belongs to. Europe; in spite of two centuries of ardent endeavour it remains a part of Asia, with which its spaciousness, land bound char- acter, Mongoloid blood and stagnant immobility link it.

Rusala entered the circle of European powers not much later than England, but as a land, not a sen power. Both of them press heavily on others, England by her fleet, her command of the soa, her commorca and her threats of blockade, Russia by her enorm- ous army which comes along liko n steam roller, and can never be finally cornered and beaten in ita own country,

Both are world powers, Eng- land in virtue of her overscas colonies held together by a finely spun web of sen routes, Russia by her vast Asiatic colony which merges imperceptibly into the

mother country,

Russian Industry was and is totully inadequate for equipping a large army or keeping it up- plied through a long war.

During the world war the Rus- Kinn armament industry only Kucceeded in producing one mil- lion new or reconditioned rifles during 1914 and 1915; this oven with the three quarters of a mill- lion imported from abroad, was not nearly enough to cover the demand for that period, which amounted to three or four mil- lions. It was not till 1916 that home production and imports be- tween them proved adequate; the field artillery, and this deficiency was not remedied till the end of 1917, when the Russians began to withdraw their army from the front.

The heavy artillery was in even worse case; during the retreat of 1015 it constantly had to be with- drawn from the scene of action through lack of shells.

Japan And

The Allies

Hnd the Germans succeeded in from the keeping Japan away Allies and. If possible, as a benevo- lent neutral (we will not even suggest the notion of an alliance) the Russians would have been able

to make considerably less use of the Siberian railway "for-supplying: the needs of their army, per- haps none at all-in which

cuse

Russin could hardly have gone on with a war which put such an un- Industry, dreamed of strain on beyond the spring of 1915. This lesson in case of alliances with

may serve (13

future wars

Russia.

or

Russia, which is still on im- mensely

country, is

12

populous

impotent except in alliance with bighly Industrialised power, Among her neighbours the only one that fits this description is Germany: all the other industrial

rial. (England, countries

France. America, perhaps Japan) can only maintain communications with her western regions, which will decide the military issue, by the most difficult and devious channels.

Russia, both old and new, is " country of many nationalities,, so that we cannot very well speak of Russion character covering the whole of Russia.

11

There is something resigned und broading about them, and they will often follow up one action with a completely contradictory one which takes us, with our ways of think- ing, completely by surprise.

Blank indifférence may suddenly burst forth into violent action, apparently hopeless stupidity into boundless Imagination, and a vague feeling of inferiority has its coun- terpart in fits of absurd arrogance.

They will knuckle under to force ruthlessly applled, but every now and again their suppressed murmuring breaks out into an un- governable fury in which they do things that they often bitterly regret afterwards.

mite

The Ruslan masses are incap- able of any progressive develop- ment or enterprise on their own, but the weight of their-numbera and their blind obedienco enable them to be used, under resolute leadership, as a means to the scoomplishment of great tasks.

Must Be

Under The Whip

With a strong hand over them they can be relied upon, not-other

wise; without it the unstable side of their character comes

the to front, and instead of the mighty Russian Empire the foreigner finds a vast collection of isolated vil- Jogos.

►

ON THIS PAGE are further extracts from "Raum Und Volk

Im Welktrlege," the "bible" of the German Army.

In previous chapters, the author, Professor Ewald Banse (Professor of Military Science at Brunswick University), wrote of the methods Germany would employ in invasion of France, Belgium, Holland and Britain. We have seen the methods put into practice

in Belgium and Holland.

4

To-day is described German milltary opinion of Russia and Japan,

GERMANY

AND THE

STEAM

ROLLER

hurrah-for-the-man who has the "power-and-uses it ruthlessly.

The first named Instinct accounts for the dumb obedience of the soldiers, who allowed themselves to be drives into battle in solid masses like sheep and mown

down

wn by the superior technical equipment and strategy of the enemy; the second for the awer by the prompt seizure of power by Soviets, Inasmuch as the Rea~ sants, who were supposed to be so devoted to the Tsar, in most cases cheerfully accepted the change of government without In the least realising what it meant.

and Russian-

The class which rules these masses hos hardly any roots in them. Under the Tear it was mostly Germanic with, an inter- national streak, nationalist in complexion; to-day it is wholly international, with the castern-Jewish cum Tartar cum Caucasian note predominaling.

Whatever its composition, it has always known that force is the only thing which con set the Russian "Tassys;"""with their half-dumbly submissive, half rebellious charac- ter, moving along the line which n for sighted government is bound to adopt if it wants to keep its own and its country's end up against foreign powers.

The Russian soldier, accustomed to being ordered about for genera- tlons submitted willingly, if in most cases Ignorantly, to military discipline, Contemptuous of death, he went bravely and clumsily into baille in dense waves, dumbly re- signed to his fate. He knew that.

Bre.

ferior numbers, in no smail degree. to the deficiencies of the Russians.

Falkenhayn

And Napoleon

in

The great difference between the German advance Into Russia 1915 und Napoleon's in 1812 Is that in 1812 there were no milways, so that the French advanced in lines with a narrow front, which meant that their rearward communica tions were in grent danger; in other words, they were handicapped. In every possible way by the size of the country..

The Germans a hundred years later took the railways, with them, which made their communications safe, especially as they advanced on a broad front; hence the size Dĺ the country only militated against them in so far is, they were out to attack the enemy; after- wards, and as soon as the railway was functioning, it shrank and lost. much of its perilousness.

With modern ploneering tech- destruction of rallways, nique, oriages and roads causes a merely momentary delay, hence it only affects troops in pursuit, not com- munications.

The tragedy of the German offen- zive in Nüssla in 1910 is that when the Lord had delivered the Rus- slan army into our hands we threw ** away our chance of annihilating it because that was no part of our (ie. Falkenhayn's) plan, having been dismissed in advance as hope- les. After the

of the 1059 of battle of the Marne,

almost the only thing left for us apart from an invasion of England-was to

10 dispose

of Russian army completely and then concentrate our whole strength on

the western frost. We might have

done this during the

of 1916,

of

INSTALMENT FIFTH

Red troops drawn up in a square in Moscow.

Publication of these extracts was rendered possible by the translation of the original German document into English · by Messrs. Lovat, Dickson, the well-known British publishing house,

who, despite German threata, published the document under the title "Germany, Prepare for War."

The Russian army thus did the same thing in the east #3 the British navy did in the west; both pressed heavily upon us by merely being there, that and nothing else.

And we must not conceal from ourselves the fact that the harsh manner in which we conducted the negotiations for the peace of Brest-Litovsk between December 1817 and March 1918 was partly responsible for this condition of affairs, with all the fatal con-

it cri- sequences to us which talled.

We have here an instance of the failure of our government and our higher command to grasp the situa tion, especially where it touched on the domain of national psychology It is not only by military but also weapons that by psychological wors are waged, won-and lost.

The collapse of Russia becume quite open and irretrievable when the Bolshevists came into power under the leadership of Lenin in... the autumn of kirker command of 1917.

When

our

sent Lenin in a sealed coach from Switzerland through Ger- to Russia. ittle knew it many was signing Germany's death warrant.

The occupation of large portions of South Russia especially, by Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian troops (they got as far as a line drawn. from Lake Peipus-through-Polotsk, Molliev, and Bielgorod to Rostov- on-the-Don, besides seizing Trans

that

Caucasia) left the Russian army Sancaste

And the untouched.

fact Brest-Litovsk, under the peace of which Russia was eventually com. pelled to sign, she' "permanently" lost Poland, Lithuania, Courland and Finland, and temporarily lost

Lithuania

which

and Estonost com-

take

meant that she was pletely excluded from the

Baltic; and that the Ukraine,

her

chief granary, was taken away from her, was all of no rent value as long as Germany and Austria had not won the War. The fact was that the fate of the east could only be de- elded in the west.

Japan Like

Great Britain

Jajan la an island empire lying off the middle of the cast coast of Asin and her geographical posi- lole therefore similer to Great Britain's. Politically and economic- ally Japan's hour only came when with the arrival of western marl Ume and

and commercial powers on the scene, the centre of gravity in .caster Asia shifted from the mainland to the 'coasts and adjacent sca, and when the Pacific, too, suddenly became of importance to.

eastern Asia.

ка

More

even

4

castern

goal of predominance in Asin and supremacy over China; This explains her declaration of war against Germany on August 23, 1914, preceded on August 15 by an ultimatum couched in most Impudent terms, the product of ne- cumulated irritation and self Im- portance.

Next followed the conquest of our Chinese -concession of Kino- thau, whose capital Tsingtao sur- rendered on November 7, 1014, for lack of munitions, after an ab- surdly elaborate two months' slege, considering that it was nothing than fortified watering

more

place.

The Arst move towards the Pacific was also made at this time, the Japanese chasing Gerran ships in the company of British cruisers and occupying some of our small and unprotected South Sea islands. where they came into competition with the British from Australia.

When at the end of 1917 the United States on their entry Inte the War conceded to the Japanese privileges in China, in special order that their rear might be secure, Japan reached the height her power and began openly to preach a kind of Monroe, doctrine Ent. Moreover, by for the Far 1917-18 when every British and American ship was reeded for ser- vice in Europe, Japan had estab ished her commercial supremacy In the Pacific' and was able to build a large merchent fleet.

The permanent results of the war years for Japan were:—(1) the removal of the German (in- aldentally the smallest) obstacle, and the further thrusting back of Russia in Manchuria; (2) the rank of a respected great power with a population of 90 millions, which overshadows the Far East and without whose

no- whose consent thing can be undertaken in that quarters; as against that (3), a new pollical estrangement from Great Britain and the United Slates, who are concerned at ail costs to prevent from shuiling the door against them in China.

Since Japan cannot ·Contern

us as a theatre of war within any measurable falure, we need not deal with her territory and with 'a may content · ourselves few words about the Japanese character.

features are Imita- Its chief tiveness and ambition, patriotim ~~and chivalry, energy-and-a-post- tively pedantic perseverance. This explains the amazing rapidity with which Japan has since the sixties of last century emerged from dark- est mediaevaliam info the light of modern civilisation, having recog- nised that, if she is to preserve her national existence sed her political independence, she must resort to the use of European weapons.

Here she stands in marked con trast to the far greater Chinest nation which does not possess this stern determination, The Japanes devotes all his mental and moral energies and all lils labour to the promotion of his country's interests, and his reward is that in scarcely half a century Japan has become

rapidly, perhaps, then

England in the 17th century, Japan at the close of the 10th realised the nature of the change, adapted herself to the now sifur tion and sought to take

a place among the great powers.

Since the

the territory of the Japanese motherland-the three islands of Hondo, Shikoku and Klushiu, to which may be added the bleak northern island of Jesso

familles prolife, and world affairs. economic life at home restricted, it was necessary

for Japan,

if sho to become a great power, to extend her' territories to the adjacent mainland, whence sht could aim at dominating the whole of eastern Asia and the Pacific.

he was fighting against superfor generalship, training and technical equipment. His stoical-determina- tion was as Impotent as the ruth- less but not sufficiently circum-when-there-was-as-yet-no-threal-small-and-mountaincus a great power with a voice_in spect and intelligent trelics of his leaders

ngainst

the

German superiority of Otherwise wo could never have repulsed and in places oven routed the Immenso forces of the Russians in 1914 with The. Great Fussian nation never

auch few troops, some of which knows what it wants; it oscillates

were part the age for active ser- helplessly between action

vlee. and dream; it klases ita ikons with ponitential devotion and then goen straight off and gets blind drunk

vodica.

On

The nation as a whole always stands behind ils leaders even when the lattes are suddenly changed, as In 1917. The government cân Climate angat eredua fallick

complete and unquestioning accep- tance of ita decrees, and a lack of critical sense which always shouts

In retreat, however, though not In attack, the Russian higher com- mand showed its skill and prevent- ed us from ever enveloping the whole Russian army.

Bearing in mind Mil this ind og

in.

the shortage of arms and munitions a country, so little industrialised Add Alget out aff from it allier,

must not content from our selves that we owe our victories, which were all achieved with in-

to our eastern front from Rumania, when England still had relatively few men in the field, and there was *no question of American help for

the Allies, From

the end of 1917 onwards right through 1918 the revolution

army and Russia ary Russian generally played an extremely im- portant, though

purely passive, part, both in relations to us and itie Alles, indetermining the fur- ther course of the War and its final Jasure.

to

The Russian army fought against us no more but it continued exist and thereby caused us to leave a gallar mas do Buone

a retulit of which we were too weak. for the decisive struggle of 1918 on the western front:-

YR

the

First Ching was humbled; than Russia was'shortly after- wards beaten; and with the se qulation

Korea. und southern part of Baghalin and the establishment of a' foothold in southern Manchuris, the ex- 20 tension of Japanım: territory, to

the mainland was ichlovédi,

Rubel Tapani talag

altogether serious "UNIT the world war gave her the chance" of approaching much nearer to her

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