1940-05-10 — Page 6

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Thongkong Telegraph.

Friday, May 10, 1940.

Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015

THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph is used by the "llongkong Telegraph" to indieace nows which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni cations Ordinance, 1936. Auch new), AS bears the indication "U" is recolved in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who 10= serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemen

Near East Enigma

May 10, 1940.

ARE

WHAT FIGHTING

I HAD a letter the other day which said: "We don't acem

to be fighting for anything; only against it.".

The next morning I read an urticle which said that we were not fighting fór democracy or for liberty or for any nonsense of that sort. "We are fighting for England."

England, however, was not being attacked, Why, then, were we fighting? Because, in a year or 50, when Germany had made all the conquests which she wanted in the East, then she would have attacked France.

by A. A. Milne

You know Milne as a brilliant writer of essays, plays, light verse.

Here he writes in a different mood, ́ His subject is the one that matters more to you all than any other.

And the "Tolograph” believes that what he has to say will interest you.

war. Very well; we lost that work And when, in this next war; she

Now we are fighting again. We hud defeated France, then in another may lose again; but we cannot enter

going to lose.

WE FOR?

Totalitarian State: in which each in- dividual is told:

"Nothing which happens to you matters; the only thing which matters is the welfare of the Island."

We see at once that the only "wel- fare of the island" conceivable is the welfare of each individual Islander.

And we see that a totalitarian is- Innd can only Justify its existence by competing with, and obtaining vic- tories over, neighbouring islands.

Inevitably a successful war is the complete victory, the ultimate form of the laland-State's self-expression. One may note, loo, in passing that the only time when the individual in I democratic country is asiced to subordinato himself to the State is when his country is at war.

But in a Totulitorlan. State the gang- It is clear, therefore, that whether ster may ensily be the autocrat. Hitlerism, Mussolinism, Stalinism and This is one reason why the people any similar form of government are

your or so she would attuck England upon a war with the fear that we are (democracy) offer a sofeguard for to be regarded as the expression of peace which cannot be offered by the a genuine political doctrine or merely as an excuse for autocracy, they are, individual (autocracy),

war to So we were Oghting a prevent a war which would lead to war against England. ·

It sounds like something

Gertrude Stein.

But the State claims to have a

We must believe in ourselves. It is no good fighting any sort of battle The other reason is this: a Totall they must be, a danger to the peace from unless one is determined to win and tarian State by definition exists for. of the world."

belleves that one is going to win. the benefit of the State, not for the If this war ensures the triumph of

Our war-aim therefore (yours and benefit of its members.

democracy, and only If so, then it mine, since we are intelligent men)

enda wor. is to end war. Where we may differ NOW it seems to me that no man from other people (including, unfor- life of its own to which the life of of intelligence enn take part in a war tunately,

subordinate, then members of the Govern- every individus

What is our Peuce Alm? The Im- at this point in history without the ment) is that our alm is, possibly, its life can only be a life in compell-

tion Axed determination in his mind that, only their hope.

with other States; its only mediate object of the war is to de- as far as he can ensure it by his own the main body of troops, mark the

stroy Hitlerism. The immediate ob- In a democratie country the people, victories over its competitors. actions, It shall be the last European

One can see that this must be so Ject of the last war was to

destroy stage of civilisation which that if one imagines a group of Islanders Prussian militarism.

We should know by now that de- I know that many of us said in 1914 country has reached: a stage of in the Pacific, cut off from the rest, struction is not an end in itself, but that we were fighting a war to end evilisation which is now beyond war, mankind, forming themselves into a

war.

Foolish stories

DONT throw persons on

the bravery of the enemy. That kind of talk is foolish, There is too much of it abou

We never called

Fritz a Coward

We of the 1914-18 war called the Germans all sorts of things. But never did we call them cowards,

We knew them too well for that. People at home (who had the time nasturtiums in a frost," showed us how mistaken it was to look on Jerry as called them Huns, having no guts (which is the soldier to learn to hate) cal

word for courage).

and Boches, and things like that.

We out in the mud against them called them derry, or Fritz.

We never liked the Germans.

never

We

Jerry stood up to 1.

hated the

Germans except And I saw then on example of when we heard of a bombing raid on

chest smashed by shrapnel.

Then this happens British N.C.O. (who has observed the scene: "Why did you do that? Can't you see the man's hurt?"

German officer: "Do not dare to speak to me so. Do you not see I am a German offfect and he is one of my

England and we said: Why can't courage (German brand) which I then?"

only a means to an end.

We destroyed the Kaiser, and Hitler followed; we, destroy Hitler- and then what?

Unless we decide rightly we shall have lost another war. If destroying Hitlerism is our war-aim, what is our peace-aim?

There are many who think that it should be a revived League of Na- tions; a League which shall do al the things which the last League falled to do; a League which shall really unite against an aggressor: a League, some say, with an interna tional standing army to enforce its authority.

It is dimeult to imagine such an

army mobilising against (say) Rus- sia; perhaps still more dimcult to imagine it mobilising against (say) Germany.

It is easier to imagine an Interna- tional Air Force.

CO., LTD. As the year advances into they fight US, instead of the people ever since. Let me present it to I aun a British N.C.O. And if I see tive

have thought of, and pondered over, British N.C.O. . "And you see this,;

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on

summer, speculation possible developments of the war is intensifled. It is not thought likely that the present state of inactivity will continue for long.

We'll show them

The time: Dawn. The

at home? and did, show them. Usually two to And the hate lasted until we could, you- three days. Then we just went on way of regarding the war-and

But an air force is at its most effec- when used as a threat. The

you do anything like that again I'll threat, if defined, can only be carried bring down the butt of my rifle on out by dropping bombs upon "mill--

tury objects," which would inevitably include women and children.

with our job of war, and our normal Man mine-crater in No- your head, officer or no officer."

JERRY.

And that was

?

men. We have courand courage-to try to keep

We have been over the top; taken a bunch of prisoners officers and (about) nineteen mustered them in this crater until we сип

get them down the line. One Jerry starts whining, rubbing We distrusted every thing about his hand up and down chest. At

There will doubtless be renew- ed reports of German intentions, except his courage. We knew we last the officer takes notice, goes to could distrust him in everything but hun, and says something (in German)

We to break through Holland or stay-and-take-it power. be which sounds like, "What are you

littled him in every way but one; we making all this fuss about?” Belgium, or both. For the said he kept his trenches dirty (foul

The private says something (in German) which sounds like: "I've moment, however, attention is slur on any soldier),

The Arst bit of hånd-to-hand Oght- got it here, sir."

Whereupon-the-officer-grubs-hold- Tather directed to the Near East.ng-when-our-borrach-squate in-

structor's spirit stiff hoarse-whispered of the private's tunic at the bottom, The Allies have a large army to us: "Show a German a bit of cold rips it upwards, tears off three but- steel and he'll wilt before you like a tons in the process, and exposes a in that quarter. Italy is also She very much on the alert. has made it known that she could not be indifferent to any-- thing affecting the Near East and the Balkans.

But, strangely enough, Hitler's two friends, Stalin and- Mussolini, are far from being friends with each other. The Duce has lost none of his detestation of Bolshevist in-

fluences in Europe. He main- tains a consistency in that matter which Hitler has com- pletely abandoned.

The Turkish Prime Minister, in some discreet but significant references to the situation, said. the crisis had now come to his country's door. Officially, rela- tions with Russia are Lin- changed. Actually, Turkey can

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Turkey, however, is prepared for whatever may befall. She has a clear sense of where her duty lles. If war should be forced upon her she will make common cause with the Allies, The Near East situation is un- certain, but Franco, Britain, and Turkey have made the fullest preparations to check-mate Ger- ninn, Russian or even Italian aggression in this vital region.

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BLITZKRIEGS

Law does not easily compete with lawlessness in threats, and actions, of irightfulness.

That British N.C.O. was me. And still, as I think of war, I think that German afleer had terrific as Germans know, and

But though it is difficult to imagine the iron face that is the German Idea such a League in action, and dificult of courage,

to understand why its pledges, should Thirty men (English) were left to be more sacred to its members now hold a trench. Twenty-eight were than before, it is stupid to say that killed. The two others held on.

therefore

auch a League could not be Then talked of England, and prin- brought into being, could not be made roses, and held on, And still live to workable.

What tell the story."

I think we can say is tot no I thank England for our English State which submitted to the authority of such a League could possibly be a Totalitarian State, ruled--Sy-on- autocrat,

courage.

-Don't-belittle-the-Germans" couraga, But trust ours to win.

W. T. Knott oneself through the State unless the

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-Copyright in all countries

One cannot glorify the State and State is independent.

Even an "axis"

detracts

a little frem.one's glory-untess one is on vinced that one is the dominating

Lenzue were the

nxis.

partner in the

So that, if such a effective in maintaining peace, effective part of would be composed

of democratic countries, willing to submit to the decision of the majority, wilting to subordinate their own in- terests to the general good.

it

I think that we should make clear, as soon as possible, that in our view democracy is the only safeguard of peace, and that we are prepared "after the war" to co-operate in the fullest and most generous way with all other democracies.

Our first peace-aim should League of Democracles, which shall utterly renounce all war as between themselves, and which shall, ng soon las practicable, remove all inter-tarif

barriers,

The iden behind the League should not be mutual assistance in wer-time, but mutual assistance in peace-time; and democracles only should be eligible for Inclusion.

It is time that we cleared our minds to a good deal of cant about quiccra-

cles,

We plead in their excuse "the right of countries to choose their own form of government." No country ever

"chose" nutocraty.

Russia didn't; Italy didn't; Germany didn't; Spain didn't.

Autoerney, 10-day begins as a revolt against some other form of govern ment; a revolt which may er inny not be supported by the majority of the people, but is supported by a fighting majority; that is, by those with the greater milliary resources.

The lender's first nutocrate and entirely unjustlable acilan on ac- quiring power is to deny not only those who opposed the revolt, but whose who supported it, any further part in the new government of their country,

After which it is assumed that the people chose autocracy; and that.. being foreigners, they must be ex- pected to have their funny little ways, on which it would be bad form for ru English gentlemen to comment.

This Is nonsense. We can com- ment on cannibalist, we can corn- ment" "(and have commented before PLEASE Turn To Pago 2: