1940-05-06 — Page 6

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over

When one speaks of Germans to-day one is apt to forget that there are large numbers of them the world, homeless, and without the rights of citizens. In Great Eritain alone there are more than 50,000 refugees from Ger- many or Austria, znost of whom love their native country, yet desire its defeat in war.

Their position has become even more difficult than before the outbreak of war, for they can neither return to their native land nor be certain that they will not be regarded as dangerous enemy aliens in the country of their asylum.

To the authorities in Britain they presented a problem which demanded delicate handling, for it was obvious that many of these Germans might be useful to the Allied cause, but among them were a few who might be agents of the enemy. A solution was found by the appointment of a larger number of tribunals which were instructed to deal as quietly as possible with the foreigners whose

they examine, sending suspicious cases to internment camps, imposing mild restric- tions on others, and leaving the remainder free to do what they liked.

were

to

cases

Of the 62,000 Germans or Austrians whose cases were reported on before January 15, only 120 were interned, 5,416 were placed in the second category, while 42,697 were released from all restrictions.

The last named are free to take up any occupation they like, and nearly 1,000 have actually joined the British fighting forces. It is one of the advantages possessed by

the

Allies that they have on their side large numbers of well- informed and highly intelligent Germans who understand condi- tions in Germany and the | psychology, ́of the German people, and are now ready and anxious to put their knowledge at the disposal of Britain and France. In expelling Jews and making their country unsafe for other Germans who have dia- agreed with the regime, the Nazis have made a present to their opponents of some of Ger- many's boat intellects.

I found myself walking through the streets of Singapore, but there นกย t curious atmosplicre about the place. It did not seem at all like the old Singapore I used to know. had

1 a heavy, drugged feeling

and for a moment I wonder- ed whether the impression strangeness did not orise from causes within me and not from

without. But then I be changes Run to notice things that were too unmistakeable to be due to hallu~ cination. For one thing all the signs over shops and on office doors that used to be In English were in German now words as long us snakes in Wilck, squat cursive-style lettering; for another there was plague of swastikas over the city, on tags, on plaques, on armlets, which struck upon my eye with their starp outlines. I stared about me incredulously.

There were Chinese, Indians, and Malays as there had always been, but they seemed to have lost the carefree air that I remembered. They went about furtively, glancing often to left and right. They did not gather in groups to laugh and chat but walked in twos or threes ardly as if they feared that they be intercepted, Pe

Perhaps the police had something to do with it? There were many more police Whitn had ever seen but they were not the old Malay mata-matas and the Sikhs. They had disappeared. In

their place there were Euro- peans in brown uniforms and all carrying automatic rifles with their fingers playing at the triggers. Their faces wore n frown. From time to time other European and African soldiers in unfamiliar uni- forms marched past in detachments carrying rifles. 5. A. men, may bel One detachment had a band play- ing the "Horst Wessel Song" which broke weledly across the mumed sounds of the city.

Impatient to learn the secret of the mystery I approached a middle- aged Chinese who looked like a businessman intending to ask him to explain things to me, but when lie saw me he edged away and I realized that he was anxious to avoid any contact with Europeans. Just then one of the European policemen in the strange uniform stepped up to me and speaking sharply in German asked me for my identity card. My German was rather

rusty

but

I understood him and felt automatically in my pocket. To my surprise I found a card there with my photograph un it and a mass, of particulars concerning me and my movements and an inter- section of offlciul stamps. The policeman looked at It carefully find then handed it back to me with a curt nod. I saw him approach others, Asiaties included, in the same way and then I realized that no one could be at large without an identity card.

My experiences were disconnect- "ed and often confused 'but "there" were extremely clear and lucid in- tervals, more intense and disturb- ing than I can describe. I found myself at a boot-stall looking for the familiar "Straits Times," "Free Press" or "Trimine," seeking no doubt, for the solution of the my- stery of what had happened to Singapore. But I could find none of them. All the newspapers were in German and I picked up a "Singaporische Beobachter paying for it with a nickel five pfennig piece I found in my pocket. I edged away into a corner to look

ni ft.

My German, as I say, was rusty but I could get the gist of the news and the articles. (How grotesque the heavy black type looked against the well-known background of Battery Road-Berchtesgadenstrasse was the name caught sight of on a wall). was natonished at the tane of the paper--so different fram the catholic outlook and interest of the old press of Singapore. A new struggle was to come, this time with Americo, it seemed, and the peper was striving to lash up hatred of that country and of fis people.

The Americans, it appeared were trying to encircle the Great German Em- pire and to deny it its Lebensratum in the wide prairies of the Middle West, and to deprive it of access to the cotton fields of Georgia and Carolina BO essential for Greater German clothes and Greater Ger- man bombs. The U.S.A. was an efele democracy controlled

by Jews, negroes, and Chicago gangs- term etc. all the old stuff but even more violent and rabid. There was some Malayan news but it read strangely. A demonstra- tion of Hitler Youth was to be held in Penang, a conscript labour battalion was to be reviewed on the Goeringplatz In Singapore. Three hundred Chinese, one hundred and cighty Indions, and seventy Malays had been sent to the concentration camps at Sega- mat, Kajang, and Pulau Jerejak for crimes against the German state. I noticed, too, that a depart- ment called the State Tin und Rubber Control seemed to own all the nines and estates and there were figures showing the exports- to Germany which absorbed near- ly, all the output. There was also an official notice by the Stadthamt stating that workers who did not produce, their quain or who failed to put in an average of twelve hours a day for six days a week would be punished by being de prived of their ration cards. All food was rationed, I gathered, I

saw a reference too to the Koenig- Marshal 'Goering Ten Year Plan of Self-Sufciency for Malusion India (Good God, I thouglit, had they got the Netherlands Indies too!) But my diazy head failed to piece it all together to make complete sense. the was looking for Now 1 vernacular press. Perhaps there I

should And a clue. I asked

+ Malay where could get "Warta Malayo."He looked at

me suspi- clously

moment and then cum su berkunjun It had been suspressed. Of course It had. There could be no room for

paper advocating Malayan na- tionalism. I natted for, the "Sin Chew Jit Poh," the "Union Times," the "Sin Kuo Min Jit Pol."

-by-

VICTOR

PURCELL

They had all disappeared. All I could get was a single sheet written In very bad Chinese which spoke of the duty of the Chinese to serve the Greater Germany. There was not a word In this paper-the Tal Tak Kwok Yat Po or the German Chinese Gazette it was called-

ibout

the Sino-Japanese War which. I had seen from a

small item in the "Singaporische Beobachter" was still going on. Chinese nationallsm, though, was referred to in a leading article as dangerous heresy which was adhered to only among the criminal classes of the Chinese in Malaysian India,

A

19

My recollection, as 1 have said, discontinuous and imperfect,

but I do remember that I began to feel a little more resigned to this monstrous world though more curious than ever to know what bad

happened to the land I had Ilved in. I managed to talk to a number of the people who seemed dreadfully afraid of the police and would speak only when they were

sure that they were under

But I was able to pitee

the things they told me and gain

general impression of the shape: of things that had come to pass.

There were no longer any Malay States or Malay rulers. They had been abolished. The Germans did not recognize the principle of pro- tectorates. The whole of Malaya und the Netherlands Indi

Indies hd become a single Gennan colony

under a Governor-General in Singapore. The Legislative, Feder-

£11.

all, and State Councils had gone. All the powers of government were vested in the Eastern

Nazl Party, Itself Branch of the responsible fo the Nazi Party of Germany. Arising In Kelantan had been ruthlessly suppressed and over 30,000 Malays had been

been killed. Education had been standardized under a Nazi programme. All the Malay, Chin- ese, and Indian schools had been taken over by the government. German was taught in all the schools but only so much his would enable puplis to understand the commands of their overseers or to use the tools of their trade. There were a few middle schools in which a higher standard was taught but these were merely factories for producing clerka and the text- books were full of the glories of Nazilem and the glories of the Aryan Race and the highest func- tion of the graduates, they said, was to serve their German masters

without question. One Indian told me how he had been flogged for being in possession of a mphlet of the illegal Congress Party

Here

my recollection becomes vague again. The dull chloroformed feeling returned to me. The veil itted for a second or two at a time and I seemed to be travelling in a train. The carriage was labelled Aryans Only" and I saw Asiatics being herded

into

another trucks in part of the train. I heard the guttural shouts of a German major who was swelling at the neck and

cursing.

an Asiatic official of some sort. It took me back to Germany when was a prisoner-af-war. When my recollection cleared I found myself In surroundings that were again familiar. recognized the streets and the building of Kuala Lumpur. But it was a changed--an un- natural Kuala Lumpur. It seemed a city of condemned souls, a limbo of hopelessness, Petaling Street which had been so full of animu- tion was like a Chinese cemetery on All Soul's Day. There were shell holes and bullet marks on the buildings which I could not explain. Gangs of coolies passed through the streets marching under overseers. The overseers carried whips. There was a curfew at dusk and the old bright lights of. my time shone no more.

Now I was treading the stair- case of the old Supreme Court. A trial was going on. A German was charged with latening-in to the American wireless. He was BATI- tenced to six years penal servitude. But. I could see no Asiaties any- where except the court ushers and Interpreters for witnesses. I met an educated looking Indian in the

corridor.

"Where are the Asiatics?" I naked him in English, "Where are the

Chinese and Indian lawyers?”

brutalities. The very head of the administration could be millty, In 1807, as the result of Reichstag protests, Dr. Karl Peters, then Im- perial Commissioner. In Germon Kast Afrlen, was brought before a discipllunty court in Germany on a variety of counts. Evidence was. lle gazed at me in astonishment. given of terrorism, plunder, the * 1 repeated by question and then

flugging and chaining of women and he, seeing that I was genuinely

children, forced concubinage, and. ignorant and that we were alone,

murder. The most atrocious of put his anger to his lips and said 'crimes was the hanging at t in A whisper.

youth,

for ostensibly

stealing "They have

been

abolished,

really for cigarelles,

visiting Surely

Peters's native know that? Where

concubinen. One yout have you come from? I was a law- yer once with a big practice-under the English of course. Now I am an interpreter on forty marks a month. It is either that or the concentration camp at Kajan. But haven't you read 'Mein Kampf? Don't you know the passage about native lawyers and semi-upes?"

He smiled bitterly.

Is that it? I exclained. "But where are the courts for Asiatica?"

They have another court.

Where the Mugistrate's Courts used to be. But there is no code of law, no lawyers to argue. Everything ly decided by the German magla- tente. The

is heavy Anes ΟΙ Coretime worse. Even for trivial offences. The prisons and the camps are full. Lite is ghastly. Rations you can't live on. There is nothing you could buy in the shops if you had the money. The Ten Year Plan comes first and last, But." he added gritting his teeth and a savage light coming into his eyes. "Their time will come. The Americans will blockade Malyn and we shall rise,"

A policeman was coming along the corrider. My Indian friend turned quickly on his heel. Shopes became indistinct again, 1 feli wanted to cry out like a man who then, was being suffocated-and thank God, I woke up!

What a marvellous relief it was. lo find myself in my bed, bathed though I was in a cold swent. I went to the verandah of the house in which I was staying and there was the Union Jack still flying over Government House. A mata-mata was on his beat down below at the corner. I could see the Brillsh warships in the harbour.

Once again, Thank God! It had been nothing but a ghastly nightmare!

Now a few of you who have read my nightmare may be Inclined to think that it is a mere fantasy full of exaggerations and stretchings of possibility. Mere propaganda fnet. Now listen to this.

S. Right Honourable L. Amery, une-time Secretary of

The

in

of State for the Colonies, tells us that no special criminal code for natives of German colonles

Was ever worked out. In 1912 the Ger- man Reichstag Deputy, Dr. Mueller. said:

"Our civil and milltary adminis- tration of justice is simply indefen- regard to native sible....With Justice and administration there exists an incredible uncertainty concerning the

of the ad- powers of ministrative authorities..

rities......One Judge uses the German Penal Code without further ado, mother does not use the Penal Code at all.. In short our criminal proceedings are in a condition which leaves the native entirely without rights."

In 1906 another Deputy. Herr Stotz, had said:

"Nothing shows the difference in the position as to the rights of na- Lives in German and English colonies so much as the administra- tion of justice; the English solemn, carnest, entirely hedged in by guarantees of justice; of the Ger- man courts everything w

without form,, and even if the intention to deal out justice be there....every- thing surrounded with the appear- ance of force and arbitruriness.

Herr Storz went on to point out that whereas English District Com- missioners could decide only minor matters, German oficials without Judicial training could decide on the life and death of natives sub- ject

only to the

to the confirmation of the Governor who would invariably go.

subordinate's report. by his

Sir Hugh Clifford, afterwards, of the Strait

Straits Settle-

ments,

oficial in his.

report on Togoland says that the publle was excluded from all German courts, every case being practiently tried

COOL

In camera. German magistrates were bound by no criminal code, for less by any code of criminal procedure, in cases where natives were concerned. The only criminal code in force in Togoland was ex→ pressly applicable to Europeans ex- clusively. In practice this meant that any native, no matter how in- nocent of an intention to give offence or how unconscious ho might be of having done so Was liable to be flogged or otherwise punished by almost any German official whom he had the misfor-. tune to displease.

The statements of Deputies like Judge Roeren, Herr Bebel, and others- in the Reichstag debates confirmed this, as well as the terri- ble severity of the punishment, in- flicted. Deaths caused by floggings. were frequent. Not only men, but women and children were able to flogging.

One of the revolte in the Cameroons was caused by Deputy-Governor Kleist ordering the fogging of twenty women. wives of native Koldiers, for belag lazy. The native soldiery and native police. Indeed, were gener ally given a dangerously privileged position in order to attach them to their rulers. On the other Hand the native chiefs themselves were continually flogged.

Do not imagine that it was mere ly underlings who committed these

of them had fled for protection to a neighbouring chief, and was also hanged after having been flogged. day after day until her back re-

Polers sembled 'chopped meat. was dismicced the service—not for the crimes he had committed, but for giving falso reports to his was superiors. Subsequently ho granted his pension, and a statue in his honour WAB erected. at has Dar-es-Saloom. Herr Hitler described him as a model, if stern, administrator." "A model, if stern, administrator')

Under the government of Herr von Puttkamer in the Cameroons, the Akwa chlefs petitioned to the Reichstag in 1905 against the ex- cessive flogging and ill-treatment of their people, and were promptly arrested and sentenced to long terms of Imprisonment for their audacity (Have you ever heard of that happening to

persons Malaya who dared to petition the Secretary of State?). The matter was taken up in the Reichstag, the sentences on the chiefs quashed, and the whole administration of the Colony inquired into, with the result that the Governor was found guilty of 'administrative laxity, Ained £30, and retired.

And there are many other cases which I have no time to mention.

In my nightmare I

imagined the suppression by rising in Kelantan.

the Nazis of o

Is this fancy or exaggeration too? Listen,

In German South-West Afric there was

* tribe of

colled of natives the Hereros.

It was the spilled policy of the Germans to compel them to work as hired labourers. upon the lands they had hereto- fore owned. To begin with they

allotted cattle were

reserves. "These cattle reserves," wrote Herr Kari Dove, are an obstacle to the

economic development of the country, for it is without doubt

of the Hereros enter the service of sons," while the Deutsche

owing to this reason that so few Europeans,"

Sudwest-afrikanische Zeitung, tho German South West Africa

Times. stated that "the country must be Inhabited

by while colonists. Therefore the natives must dis- appear, or rather put themselves at the disposal of the whites, or re- tire into the reserves set apart for them."

In the end the government de- elded that they must disappear, German

and

with characteristle thoroughness set about causing them to disappear. In the Herero War

of 1804-1908 General von Trotha

deliberately pursued

driving the

policy of

whole tribe

ion,

the Kalahari De- sert. At the end of the struggle- only 15,000 Hereros were left out of a population of 80,000.

In 1905 the Maji-Maji rising in East Africa led to the killing off by the ride and by starvation of 120,000 natives.

Before General Von Trotha be- gan his campaign of massere he issued 1 proclamation.

The Hereros nation must leave the country. If the people do it not

will

compel them with the big lube. Within the country every Herero, with or without a rifle, with or without cuttle, will - be shot."

Now I have not been raking through the records to find facts discreditable to the German ad- ministration. No raking was re- quired. The instances of ruth- lessness and cruelty stand out in iny account

German of the colonization in Afri

Africo.

"It impossible in Africa to get on without crucity" said Herr Dove.

All this was before the last war. In those days there was some de- Humane mocracy in Germany.

was

men could criticize: questions could The be asked by Deputies in Reichstag: Germany was sensitive to world opinion. Since then Blood and Iron have come back. Into their own. The Nazis make it plain beyond all doubt that the only business of colonies is to serve. the arbitrary will of the ruling race. The following words of lit- ler have been quoted by His Ex-

the Governor. cellency

They cannot too often be brought to the notice of those who might forget. the Nazi gospel and the intention of the Nazis if they were victori-

ous.

One heurs from time to time," ays Herr Hitler in "Mein Kampf“ · "that a negro has become a law- teacher, tenor ‘or the like. is a sin against all reason. It is criminal, lunacy to train a born semi-ppe lo

to become a Inwyer. It is a sin ngainst the Eternal Creator to train Hottentots and Kaflrs to intellectual professions." And we need not imagine that Herr Hitler regards Asiatics in a much more favourable light than he does negroes. All who are not Aryans, the Superlor Race, are in- ferior, and all who are not Euro- pensis, even if not semi-apes, aro no more than sub-men. We need have no doubt as to what would happen to Malaya under Nozi rule. The Fuehrer's, scholarship is co- fined to the study of Invectivo, cleanery, and the use of

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