1940-05-03 — Page 3

Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

May 3, 1940,

MAGAZINE PAGE

EYES

JOT many months ago · a

NOT

foreign military comman- dar made this startling statement. "The army with the best photo- graphic corps will win the next war!"

or

course, aerial

map-

ping and reconnaissance are important, but can they be that important?

At the end of the World Wor cameras served as auxiliary eyes for the Army and an excellent of the ilckler for the memory, observer. In fact, conditions were often that the camera could

such not be used, although visual obser- vation could be made.

eye,

To-day, the camera is the super instantly recording details which the observer could not assimilate in a half hour and re- vealing minute details when the eye encounters only shifting haze. Try to imagine actual milltary conditions and you can understand the officer's opinion.

A new position has been taken, men are digging into temporary defences, which are wide open to borrage and aerial attack. The whole corps vulnerable,

is only defence lies in deception.

The

A mile behind the line a false trench lu dug, only a few inches deep. It is decorated with hel inets, bayonets, und general trench debris.

When the enemy alles over their concealed trenches, the true poss- Lion will not be seen because the false trenches are assumed the true ones.

OF WAR

The answer

to the question everyone is asking: 'WHY DON'T THEY DROP

BOMBS?'

no colour there;othing but empty, black space. Only the beolter of the blud produces the appearance of a solid blue dorne.

The saine Uing causes haze, the great enemy, of norial photography. Haze is simply the amount of

✩

between

the blus part of daylight; pan- chromolie Alms react Lo every colour of daylight.

Therefore, if a sheet of red glass is placed over the camera lens, this glass, which we call a Alter, pusles back the blue and green rays let- ting only the red through.

By this means it la possible to make sharp and clear photographs

of objects which are completely hidden to the eyes by a hèavy cur- iain of haze. In very bad cases we go even further and make use of the invisible rays below the visible red.

Intra-red reveals another im- portabt trick of camouflage. The enemy moves grtillery. Into posi- and the ground lon overnight. By morning the

"sky" the

aeroplano

THE red rays are not so easily disturbed, and if -we could brush away the inter- teri

curtain of bluc roya, we could right through the haze; in fact, it

dis would appear.

Ordinary films respond only to

guns are camouflaged by trees and boughs. Dumps and trench open- ings are concealed beneath rough, green-painted canvas.

From the air the new position is absolutely invisible, yet with- In an hour after daylight they are shelled so heavily that the position has to be abandoned,

How was the position discovered? Infra-red films have a peculiar characteristle. Green paint will photograph as dark grey or black, while living foliage photographs

visible "light." The guns and. dumps are revealed as if they were coal black on a field of snow!

HOWEVER, night photography is not ruled out.

So great has been the develop- ment in Alm aensitivity and lens speeds since 1910--and many such developments are not yel com- mercialised that effective GX- with posurea can be made now about 1-5,000 the amount of light necessary twenty-five years ago.

Most people are famillur with the routine of mosaic mapping.

A blane flies over a strip of ter- ritory, maintaining as nearly con- stant altitude as is practical. At the end of the trip the plane is turned and files back a short dis- tance to one side of the original path.

of

Back and forth the fight is made until the whole area has been photographed in a number narrow

scries sirips. The photographs thus made are as- sembled into a great mosale by cutting the central portion from each and matching it to the next one.

snow-white in this curious, HERBERT C, McKAY

Library, Supreme Cou

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Balkans, Prize of Many Wars, Watch Rapid Changes

be

THE BALKANSI

Yes, such a defence would probably have been successful in 1018, but to-day it wouldn't

fool the scrtul camera moment,

Modern millinry strategy depends upon information, accurate infor- mation, obtained without loss of time.

a

The enemy move artillery into now, well-camouflaged position over-night; submarines lle in secret harbours, with motors silent; rapid, mobile combat units move unexpec- tedly to new position in the haze of battle; an effective battery operating from behind a hill, whose height must be determined,

Heretofore information about such developments had to depend upon the more or less accurate observation of man. To-day the modern milltary camera answers the queation accurately and in- stantaneously.

THE pictures are taken in the air, and by the time the aeroplane 18 grounded the negatives ore developed all ready for rapid examination and for quick print- ing.

Within less than ten minutes after grounding, the staff officera may examine clear photographs of the scene of action! And these photographs will revent

mhay things not visible to the eyes of the photographer who made the shots.

The penetration of opaque strain la an accomplished fact."

U-boats can be photographed when the surface reflection hides them from visual observation, and when ordinary photographs would show the water as H metallic, opaque surface: ground haze can be cut through conily; even light fog and hazy smoke can be wiped away by the magle of modern photography.

During the war of 1914 pun-` chromatic pistes were still in the experimental stage, and very poor at that. To-day we have a dozen or more different kinds of panchromatie films of excellent quality.

קנן

Pan film, as it is called, is highly Important, Briefly, we must re- member that ordinary daylight is made

of all colours. The rain- how is formed when daylight is

up into its component parts. These colours run, in order of wavelength, blue, green, yellow, orange and red

split

Violet

the When shorter component of blue. light travels some distance the vio let and blue rays get lost, are re- flected and bounced about until they no longer mean anything to the eye.

However, in their confused state they give the appearance of a uni- form, blue colour. The most com- mon example on is the sky. There is

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Cermans poured through |Carpathian passes in World wat ind pushed Rumænien army almost mro Russia.

BELGRADE

R

Austro-German World wat invasion. Allies drove back w this way to throw Can- tis? powers out al Serbız.

Albania gives Italy a

hold in Balkans.

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JABL

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BUZAU

CRAIOVA

W NACHIA

BUCHAREST

CARACALO

ALDELABRIA

(Oil tankers) ¿kalf from harm.)

Main pain st conquerors for TOW cantaries. Roman Turks, Crusaders, and Slava stad 19.3

MAIORA

VARNA

Army: 700,000 100 plants

M

BURGKS

KONNOSTARA

L.SG

Fortified port for Athens,

and a Greek nával basa.

The hole in the wall

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Adolf. Washing on the Siegfried Une

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Mountainous Nations Need Large Armies to Defend Passes, Vulnerable on All Sides....

Sizes of the armies' of Balkan nations horo include trained reserves. Military fortifications are weaker than those of Western Europe. The rivers, Morava, Vadar, and Danube, corridors of trade, havo often been avenues for bringing invaders.

Flashback to 1914-18 Trench Raid

ONE of the most difficult things in the world is for the infantryman of the 1914-18 war to try to understand this war, and this war's patrols, outposts, and raids. And its die- tances between the two lines (ours and thoirs).

went:--

No: 1-The not-so-silent

It is far easier for the man.ralds-the silent and the not-so- silent. Here are how the two who has just read about both wars, but taken part in neither. To us 1914-18-ore a war le some thing fought between two armies each entrenched in a glorified ditch within at most 200 yards and at some points seventy-five yards of each other.

Between the two ditches was no-man's-land: shell-holes, mud, barbed wire, miles and miles of tangled masses of it (ours and >theirs).

We knew.two kinds of trench

Message for company commnn- der "A" company: "One officer, a sergeant, and six men will carry out n raid. on the German front line 13-10 hours for the purpose of bringing back two or three

prison-

The whole company stands by on the Are step of the front line trench as the ràlding party quietly

clambers over the parapet. A whispered muttering-"Good luck, Bill," and "Mind the wire," as the party disappeara into the blackness of no-man's-land.

04

which hangs suspended before it aizzles out at our feet.. We remain as though petrified until we are protected again by the darkness.

Still on our hands and knees, we take a firmer grip of our Twelve-yards-lo go. No spoken orders con be given. Silently we wait for our officer's hand signal. We ench draw a Milla bomb, pull the safety pin, lab it in. Jump up, and clamber down into the German trench. Two of us guard, with fired bayonets and hand ready on a Milla bomb, the bays at either end of the trench.

Apart from the occasional ping of a bullet, nil is reasonably.quictrifies: A hundred yards away (in this case)

Is the Germon front line. We keep as close together possible. Carefully we drag our way through barbed wire at point where It has been proviously cut, knowing that the slightest sound will betray us to the Gor-

mans.

A

Suddenly a loud detonation and hiss comes from the enemy trenches. A second later the shat- tered landscapa is lighted up by a magnesium ftare or Very light,

In

a second the officer, the seK- geant, and two men rush to the entrance of a dug-out. The officer Elves a sharp order to the Germans

who have taken shelter in the dug- out. They quickly surrender; they know that refusal would mean that a hand grenade would be whisked Into the "dug-out and ..

The prisoners are trooped out in single fle-maybe with the aid of a gentle prod from a bayonet-and back across no-man's-land to our lines.

Rite fire, machine-gun Aro, artillery fire--answering the SOS. from the German front line-make "the trip back-well, hazardous. No. 2---Tho silent-raid

Three or four of you go out, And a German standing in a trench, grab him by the shoulders, clap a hand over his mouth, drag bkn out of the trench, and willak him off without n word. - Back "home" ta the same sort of artillery orchestru as on the other kind of raid.

And next morning you read in "Orders": Another quiet night on the Western Front,'

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