1940-05-03 — Page 13

Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

May 3, 1940.

MAGAZINE PAGE

EYES

OT many months ago

NOT

foroigh military_comman- der made this startling statoment, "The army with the best photo- graphic corps will win the next war!”

perlal

map-

Of course, ping and reconnaissance are Important, but can they be that important?

At the end of the World Wor cameras served as auxiliary eyes for the Army and an excellent tickler for the memory of the observer. In fuct, conditions were often such that the camera could not be used, although visual obser vation could be made.

To-day, the camera is the super eye, instantly recording detalls which

observer could

not

in a half hour and re-

assimilate in

vealing minule detalls when the

eye encounters

only shifting haze,

Try to imagine actual military you can understand

conditions in

find you

the officer's opinion.

"A new position has been taken, men pre digging into temporary defences, which are wide open to barrage and serial attack. The whole corps 13 vulnerable. The only defence lies in deception.

A mile behind the line n false trench is dug, only a few inches deep.

It is decorated with hel- mets, bayonets, and general trench

OF WAR

The answer

to the question. evoryono is asking: 'WHY DON'T THEY DROP BOMBS?"

no colour there, nothing but empty, black space. Only the scatter of the blue produces the appearance of a solid blue dome.

The same thing causes haze, the great enemy of aerial photography. He is simply the amount of

"sky"

between the acroplane and the ground!

THE red rays are not so easily disturbed, and if we could brush away the inter- fering curtain of blue tangled

rays, we could sec right through the hoze; in fact, it

dls would appear.

Ordinary Alins respond only to

the blue part of daylight; pan- chromatic films react to every colour of daylight.

Therefore, if n sheet of red glass is placed over the camera lens, this glass, which we call a filter, pushes back the blue and green rays let- ing only the red through.

By this means it is possible to make sharp and clear photographs of objects which are completely hidden to the eyes by a heavy cur- tain of haze. In very bad cases wo go even further and make use of the Invisible rays below the viable red.

Infra-red reveals another im- portant trick of camouflage. The enemy moves nrilllery into posi- tion overnight. By morning the guns are camouflaged by trees and boughs. Dumps and trench open- ings are concealed beneath rough, green-painted canvas

From the air the new position is absolutely invisible, yet with- in an hour after daylight they are shelled so heavily that the position has to be abandoned.

How was the position discovered? Infra-red films have a peculiar characteristic. Green paint will black, photograph as dark grey while living foliage photographs

visible "light"

The guns and dumpy are revealed us If they were coal black on a field of snow!

HOWEVER, ́night photography is not ruled out.

So great has been the develop- ment in film sensitivity and lens speeds since 1018-and many such developments are nol yet 'com- mercialised that effective ex- posures can be made now with about 1-5,000 the amount of light necessary twenty-five years ago..

Most people are familiar with the routine of mosale mapping,

A plane fites over a strip of ter- ritory, maintaining as nenriy con- stani altitude as is practical, At the end of the trip the plane is turned and flies back a short dis- tance to one side of the original path.

narrow

in 4

of

are

45-

Back and forth the flight is made has been until the whole area

number DX photographed

series strips. The photographs thus made

mosaic by sembled into a great

portion fron cutting the central ench and matching it to the next

snow-white in this curious, in HERBERT C. McKAY

Ubrary, Supreme Court,

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Winnie the

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Whistler

No, no, no, Marla fell for me

She said she wouldn't

I'm the only bli of comfort

ARTHUR ASKEY with Jack Hylton's Boys

Ain't it grand to be in the Nayy

The hole in the wall

Craali. Bang

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The result is that the enemy's secrels are secrets no longer.

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Kiss me goodnight Bgt.-major

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debrisen the enemy flies over their Balkans, Prize of Many Wars, Watch Rapid Changes

When

concealed trenches, the true poзl-

tion will not be seen because the false trenches are assumed to be

the true ones.

A

Yes, such defence would probably have been successful in 1918, but lo-day it wouldn't fool the Berjal camera moment.

#

Modern military strategy depends upon information, accurate infor- mation, obtained without loss of time.

The enemy move artillery Into a well-camouflaged position now, over-night; submarines lie in secret harbours, with motors silent; rapid, mobile combat units move unexpec- tedly to new position in the

haze

of battle; an effective battery is operating from behind a hill, whose height must be determined,

Heretofore information about such developments had to depend upon the more or less accurate observation of man. To-day the modern military camera answers the question accurately and In- staniancously.

THE pictures are taken in the air, and by the time the aeroplane Is grounded the negatives

are developed all ready for rapid examination and for quick print- ing.

Within Jess than ten minules afler grounding, the start. officers may examine clear photographs of the scene of action. And these photographis will reveal many things not visible to the eyes of the photographer who made the shots.

The penetration of opaque strată is an accomplished fact.

U-boats cnn be photographed when the surface reflection hildes them from visual observation, and when ordinary photographs would show the water as a metallle, opaque surface; ground haze can be cut through easily; even light fog and hazy smoke can be wiped away by the magic of moderni photography.

During the war of 1914 pan- chromsilo plates were still in the experimental stage, and very poor at that. To-day we have a dozen or more different kinds of panchromatic films of excellent quality.

Pan film, as it is called, is highly important. Briefly, we must re- member that ordinary daylight is up of all colours. The rain- made bow is formed when daylight is

into its component parts. plit up

These colours run, in order of wavelength, blue, green, yellow, Violet is the orange and red. shorter component of blue. When light travels some distance the vio- let and blue rays get lost, are re- flecled and bounced about until they no longer mean anything to the eye.

However, in their confused state they give the appearance of a uni- form blue colour. The most cam- mon example on is the sky. There is

THE BALKANS

LÉNETS POLOG

BATORALIAUTHELY

MISKOLC EGE

JAUTI

КОМАЛОМ

+TAJA

MTOZOTKAZA

BOTOSANI JALTI SInvasion of Falkens

early in 6th century.

BUDAPEST DAY

MARE

&

(Camins poured through

R

Carpathian proses in World FORADZA}war and pushed Rumanian Jaimy almost inta Russia.

ROMAN

BACAS

CETATEA

HU

LBALD

KASTRANIDA.

Army 760,000 Nagligible se terce

CROATIAS LAVONIA

BANIA LUKA

BELG

SARA

¿Army: 1,800,00

ARAD

#50 planes

GALALL SEAR

BRAILA BUZKO

WA

CHIA

BUCHAREST

ALEXANDRIA

Off tankars

Austro-German World invasion. Alles dreva bick up this way to throw Can- tral powers out of Serbis.

CRAIOVA PENT

CARIGALA

MANUBE

Mein path steanquerors for Jeanruilas. Romani, Turks,, Crusaders, and Stays used it.)

Albania gives Italy?

hold in Balkans.

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How ashamed I was

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FUBDIAS

OING

Militarized soGES **** with fochheaTIORS under construction: unu

"Turkey's "Migisor. {Line"=proposed and under construction

DARDANELLES

Turkish invasion of Bal-) |kans in mid-15th century.

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Dardanelles are key to sea route between Russia and out- side world. British disastroust ly detested trying to force

this passage during World war.

DALARIÉ

EXTURE

[Army: 650,000]

&YDOW

A

1.000 plans

Fortslied italien t and nevai bate.

Mountainous Nations Need Large Armies to Defend Passes, Vulnerable on All Sides.

Sizes of the armies of Balkan nations horo include trained rosarvCH. Military fortifications are weaker than those of Western Europe. The rivers, Morava, Vadar, and Danubo, corridors of trado, have often beon avenues for bringing

Invaders.

Flashback to 1914-18 Trench Raid

ONE of the most difficult things in the world is for the infantryman of the 1914-18-war to try to understand this war, and this war's patrols, outposts, and raids. And, its dis- tances between the two lines (ours and thoirs),

It is far easier for the man ralds the silent and the not-so- silent. Here are how the two who has just read about both

wellt! wars, but taken part in neither.

To us 1014-18-ers a war is some- No. 1-The not-so-silent thing fought between two armies ench entrenched in a glorified ditch within at most 200 yards and at some points seventy-five yards of each other.

Between the two ditches was no-man's-land: shell-holes, mud, barbed wire, miles and miles of tangled masses of it (ours and theirs).

We know two kinds of trench

Message for company common- der "A" company: "One officer, a sergeant, and six men will carry out a rald on the German front line 13-10 hours for the purpose of bringing back two or three prison-

ers."

clambers over the parapet. A whispered muttering-"Good luck, Bill," and "Mind the wire," as the party disappears into the blackness of no-man's-land.

Apart from the occasional ping. of a bullet, all is reasonably quiet. A hundred yards away (in this case) is the German front line. We keep as close together possible, Carefully we drag our way through barbed wire point where it has been previously cut, knowing that the slightest nound will betray us to the Ger-

mans.

at Q

Suddenly a loud detonation and ณ his comes from the enemy trenches. The whole company stands by

A second later the shai- on the fire step of the front line tered landscape is lighted up by a trench as the raiding party quietly magnesium are or Very light,

--

which hangs suspended before it sizzles out at our feet. We remain as though petrified until we are protected again by the darkness,

con

Still on our hands and knees, our we take a firmer grip of rifles. Twelve yards to go. No spoken. orders

be given. Silently we wait for our officer's hand signal We each draw a Mills bomb, pull the safety pin, Job It In

Jump up, and clamber down into the German trench. Two of us guard, with fixed bayonets and hand rendy on a Milis bomb, the bays at either end of the trench.

In a second the offleer, the ser- geant, and two men rush to the entrance of a dug-out. The officer given a sharp order to the Germans

who have taken shelter in the dug- out. They quickly surrender; they know that refusal would mean that n hand grenade would be whisked Into the dug-out and.. J'

The prisoners are trooped out in single file maybe with the aid of a gentle prod from a bayonet-and back across no-man's-land to our Jines.

Ride fre, machine-gun fire, artillery re-answering the SOS from the German front line-make the trip back-well, hazardous. No. 2-The silent raid

Three or four of you go out, find trench, a German standing in grab him by the shoulders, clap a hand over his mouth, drag him out of the trench, and whisk him off without a word. Back "home" to the same sort of artillery orchestra na on the other kind of raid.

And next morning you read in "Orders" "Another quiet night on the Western Front."

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