1940-05-01 — Page 4

PACE 4.-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

Sir Nevile Henderson:

September, 1938. The Sudeten lands were aflame. The quarrel · which Hitler had picked with Cocho Slovakia had reached its climax. War seemed inevitable.

Mr.. Chamberlain flew to Berchtes- guden to meet Hitler. Sir Nevile Henderson, British Ambassador in Berlin until, the outbreak of war, des- cribed yesterday what passed at that meeting.

To-day he reveals the secrets of Mr. Chamberlain's second visit to the Fuchrer.

HE Recond meeting between the Prime

Tanister and Hitler took place at Godesberg.

Nothing this time was left undone to minister to our comfort and to create the best possible Impression. A guard of honour was awaiting Mr. Chamberlain's inspection at the Cologne aerodrome, and a band greeted him with "God Save the King."

He drove from the aero. drome to the Petersberg Hotel at Godesberg with Ribbentrop.

On the opposite side of the river

his

to us Hitler had taken up quarters at one of his favourite haunts, an hotel kept by one Dree- sen, who had been a companiom of

his early struggle for power. It was thither that Mr. Chamberlain and his party proceeded for meeting with Hitler at

that 22nd of September.

bis

p.18. 4271

To get there, I was necessary to cross the river by ferry, which was done under the eyes of thou sands of onlookers, who Hined the banks la manner reminiscent of the 'Varsity bout-race day.

Hitler met the Prime Minister at the door of the hotel, and led him without delay to a room upstairs. They sat down at one end of the baize-covered table, and the proceedings began.

The German populace by the ver had demonstrated its incon river cealed and spontaneous pleasure at seeing the British Prime Miglster, whom they recognised as the har- binger of peace, but Hitier himself was in an uncompromising mood,

Mr. Chamberlain opened the proceedings by recalling that Berchtesgaden he had agreed prluciple to the right of the Sude- self-determina- ten Germans to

in

tion; and, that he had undertaken to endeavour to obtain the assent of his Cabinet and of the French Government.

no

"It is Longer enough"

Within a very short lapse of time he had, he continued, been able to obtain the assent of the British Cabinet; the French Ministers had visited-London-and-hal likewish..

the ne- agreed; and furthermore, quiescence of the Czecho-Slovak Government had been

the

en secured. He accordingly outlined steps which in his opinn should now be taken to arrange for the peace. ful trouster of the Sudeten terri- tory.

When the

huci Prime Minister

whether he Anished, ler asked

INSTALMENT

NINE

From right: Hitler, Foreign Minister Ribbentrop (back to camera), Army Chief General von Brauchitsch, Navy Chief Admiral Raeder, Chief of Staff General Keitel,

HOW HITLER CHEATED CHAMBERLAIN

He was using the claims of the Poles and the Hungarians and the plight of the Sudeten refugees, which his own agents had manipu- tated, as a pretext which possibly satisfied his own faelle conscience,.

Cham- to break his word to Mr. berlain.

Godesberg was the real turning point in Anglo-German relations, and I have always felt that it was there that Hiller made the first of his big political mistakes.

Ite had cheated the British Prime Minister and, by letting him down, herby prepared the way for the revulsion of feeling in England against Hitlerism and its methods, which Was to become complete after the decupation of Prague In March, 1930,

"The "firal" interview at Gndesberg-- thus ended without any reference to a subsequent meeting, and until the late afternoon of the following day it tooked as if there might be

none.

Chamberlain

was to understand that the British, Tries

French and Czecho-Slovak Govern- ments and in effect agreed to the transfer of the Sudeten territory from Czecho-Slovakia to Germany. The Prime Minister replied: *Yes."

There was a slight pause, a silence in which Iller appeared for a moment to be making up his mind.

He then said decisively: "I am exceedingly sorry, but that is no longer of any use."

The Prime Minister expressed his surprise and indignation; he could not be expecled, he declar- ed, to return to London with fresh proposals and demands only to be faced once more with the re- joinder that they were no longer zdequate.

Hitler thereupon shifted

explaining that blame

by the Hungarian and Polish which had now to be met.

he

.

it

claims

the Was

again

Two, written Communications were exchanged in the course of the day without producing any modifications If the respective positions.

The British Press 'even reported that the negotiations had definitely broken down, and in the interval London informed Prague that it could no advise against Czech mobilisation, while pointing out, nevertheles

mobilisation might precipitate a conflict.

that

The Prime Minister's patience was, however, not yet fully hausted.

CX-

He was unwilling to refuse dis- cussion of proposals which he had not actually seen in writing, and at 5 p.m. that afternoon he Instructed Sir Horace Wilson and myself to see Ribbentrop and to suggest that Hitler should embody the exact na- ture of his proposals for the occupa- tion of the Sudeten lands in official document,

an

His friendship with these two countries demanded, he said, that le should

them full support. Hive To which the Prime Minister re- that on Hitler's own show- Ing, these claims had not the same It might have been anticipated

that Her would reject this r the question of the urgency Sudeten Germans, and that the could claims Hungarian-Polishi

torted

only be considered after the Sude- len problem had been solved in an orderly manner.

When the rllscussion thereupon reverted to Mr. Chamberlain's pro- posals. Hitler declined flatly to consider them on the ground that they involved too much delay.

Instead, he demanded that the German-speaking areas ahould be coded forthwith and occupied by

German troopinberlain in turn

This, Mr.

declined to accept, and after three hours of somewhat exacerbated

debate, the meeting adjourned;

The deadlock that night and most of the next dhy stemtd com- plete. Hitler, having secured onc position, was already advancing on the next.

He was no longer prepared to execute his part of the bargain at Berchtesgaden and to discuss quiel- ly the ways and means of a settle- ment.

re-

quest on the ground that he had made his proposals sufficiently clear verbally in the course of the conversation on the preceding day,

But the war party in Germany was also not yet finally in nucendant.

the

Mr. Chamberlain's refusal to re- new contact had provoked some consternation among the mode. rates in the German camp, and Hitler, in view of the high hopes placed by the German people in Mr. Chamberlain's Intervention was reluctant to break off the negotiations.

Ribbentrop, was accordingly in- structed to inform us that a Ger- man memorandum would' be pre- pared:

At 10.30 that night the conver- sations were resumed.

Although Rier was in a much Jess truculent mood and even made an effort to appear conciliatory, his memorandum showed that he

"Willing to work with wi for peace in Europe"; Signor Mussolini meeting Mr. Neville Chamberlain in the Fuhrer's House, Munich, for the conference which ended in the famous agreement,

had not moderated his demands, which were presented in a most peremptory form and described by Hitler as his last word.

In this document he required the Carchs to begin the evacuation of the predominantly Sudeten areas at 8 am, on September 20, and to complete it by September 20.

Thus, the Czecho-Slovak Govern inent was to be given a bare forty. eight hours to issue the necessary orders, and only four days in which to evacuate the whole of the Sude- ten land.

It is characteristic of Jiller's methods of arguntent that when the Prime Minister polisted out that this was a sheer Divfate the word always applied by Hljer to ilio Treaty of Versaillés), in/bösed. on a country voluntarily küreen- dering a part of lis territory wlihout having been defestëð in war, the Chancellor replied:

1 Es not a Dictate; look,', the document is headed by the word

memorandum.***

In the course of the long dis żunion which followed, filler agreed to modify is time-tuble slightly, and he niso mado In his own handwriting' a number · of minor alteralons designed to nt-. tenunte the asperity of the inemorandum.

"You are the only man,,” he said somewhat bitterly to Mr. Cham-

berlain, to whom I have made a concession,"

The Fuehrer

Was relieved

ever

He appeared, however, relieved when the Prime Minister finally said that, while he could not recept pro- or recommend the German posals, he could nevertheless, as an interinediary, not refuse to sub- init them to the Czecho-Slovak Governinent,

desire that Hiller hnd no

the that German people should thlak the negotiations had broken down an the result of his own Intensi- gency.

He was none the less bent on the military occupation of Czecho~Slo- vakin. He himself was prepared to risk war with Britain, but, on the other hand, his military advisers were not.

the

On the following morning Prime Minister leti by "ulr "again for London. Thanks to the energy and drive of Colunet Mason-Mag- farione (of the British Embassy), the German memorandton and the map with the Godesberg lino marked on it were in the hands of the Czech Government the Bomu night.

It

had meant Mason-Maefar- lanc's dying back to Berlin, motar- ing to the Czech frontier and then walking ten kilometres In the dark and through Czech barbed wire other entanglements, at the eon- stant risk of being shot as a rider by either Germans or Czechs,

The peak of the crisis was reach- French ed after Godesberg. The molulised half-a-million men, and the Admiralty, the British Fleet.

The French Government re- firmed their intention to support Czecho-Stovakia if attacked, and

simi- 1 Majesty's Government

rly reasserted their position in #ecordance with the Prime Minister's siatcment of March 24.

Wednesday, MAY 1, 1940.

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Staff tulks between the and French army chiefs were stuned, and the Czech Government, encouraged by these demonstra- tions of solidarity, refused to accepi the Godesberg memorandum.

It looked as if war wns inevitable over the point as to the date and inner m which the territories, which the Czechs had agreed to cede to Germany, were to be hand-

ed over.

TO-MORROW:

Hitler shouts "I will smash the Czechs!"-"By next Monday, we shall all be at war."-A procession that changed the Fuehrer's mind.--Goering calls Rib- bentrop a criminal fool.- Italy's eleventh hour inter vention.

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