1940-05-01 — Page 24

PAGE 4-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

Sir Nevile Henderson:

•

INSTALMENT

NINE

Wednesday, MAY 1, 1940.

BANK NOTICES

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Incorporated by Royal Charter 1553 Paid-up Capital

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September, 1938. The Sudeten

lands were aflame. The quarrel· which Hitler had picked with Czecho- Slovakia had reached its climax. War seemed inevitable.

Mr. Chamberlain flew to Berchtes gaden to meo Hitler. Sir Nevile Henderson, British. Ambassador in · Berlin until the autbreak of svar, des- cribed yesterday what passed at that inecting.

To-day he reveals the secrets of Mr. Chamberlain's second visit to the Fuchrer.

THE second meeting between the Prime Minister and Hitler took place at Godesberg. Nothing this time was left undone to minister to our comfort and to create the best possible impression. A guard of honour was awaiting Mr. Chamberlain's inspection at the Cologne aerodrome, and a band greeted him with "God Save the King."

Ho drove from the aero- drome to the Petersberg Hotel at Godesberg with Ribbentrop. On the opposite side of the river lous Ilier had taken up s Quarters at one of his favourite haunts, an holel kept by one Dree- sen, who had been a companion of his early struggle for power. It thither that Mr. Chamberlain and he party proceeded for his meeting with Titler at 5 p.m. on that 22nd of September.

To get there, it was necessary to cross the river by ferry, which was done under the eyes of thou- sands of onlookers, who lined the banks In a manner reminiscent of the "Varsity boat-race day.

Hitler met the Prime Minister at the door of the hotel, and led him without delay to room upstairs. They sat down. at one end of the long balze-covered table, and the proceedings began,

The German populace by the river had demonstrated its unron- cented, and spontaneous pleasure at seeing the British Prime Minister, whom they recognised as the har- binger of peace, but tier himself was in an uncompromising mood.

Mr. Chamberlain opened the proceedings by recalling that at Berchtesgaden he had agreed its principle to

to the right of the Sude- ten Germans to self-determina- tion; and, that he had underlaken to endeavour to obtain the assent of his Cabinet and of the French Government.

no

"It is Longer enough”

Within a very short lapse of Ume le had, he continued, been able to obtain the saeut of the British Cabinet; the French Ministers had visited London and had. likewise agreed; and furthermore, the ac- of the. Czecho-Slovak

secured.

quloscence had been

He accordingly outlined the steps which in his opinion should now be taken to arrange for the pence ful transfer of the Sudelen terri- tory.

When the Prime Minister hand finished, 11tler asked whether he was to understand that the British, French and Czecho-Slovak Govern ments had in effect agreed to the transfer of the Sudeten territory from Czecho-Slovakia to Germany. Prime Minister replied: "Yes."

The

There was a slight pause, silence in whleh Hitler appeared for a moment to be making op his mind.

He then said drofalvely: "I ant exceedingly sorry, but that is no longer of any use."

The Prime Minister expressed Jis surprise and indignation; he could not be expected, he declar- ed, to return to London, with fresh proposals and demands only to be faced once more with the re- joinder that they were no longer adequate.

shifted itiilor thereupon blame explaining that it the Hungarian and Polish clains

which had now to be met.

the WAS

two

His friendship with these countries demanded, he said, that he should give them full support.

To which the Prime Minister re- torted that on Hitler's own show- ing, tliose claims had not the same urgency as the question of the Sudeten Germans, and that the claims could Rungarian-Polish only be considered after the Sude- ten problem had been solved in an orderly manner.

When the discussion thereupon raverted to Mr. Chamberlain's pro- posals. lor declined flatly to consider them on the ground that Hity Involved too much delny,

Instead, he demanded that the German-speaking areas should be coded forthwith and occupied by German troops.

This, Mr. Chamberlain in turni declined to accept, and after three houts of somewhat exacerbated debate, the meeting adjourned.

The deadlock that night and most of the next day seemed com- plete, Hitler, having secured one position, was already advancing on the next.

He was no longer prepared to execute his part of the bargnin at Berchtesgaden and to discuss quiel- ly the ways and means of a setile- ment.

From right: Hitler, Foreign Minister Ribbentrop (back to camera), Army Chief General von Brauchitsch, Navy Chief Admiral Racder, Chief of Staff General Keitel.

HOW HITLER CHEATED

CHAMBERLAIN

He was using the claims of the Poles and the Hungarians and the plight of the Sudeten refugees, which his own agents manipu-

lated, as a pretext which possibly satisfied his own facile conscience, to break his word to Mr. Cham- berlain.

Godesberg was the real turning polat in Anglo-German relations, and I have always felt that i was there that Hitler made the first of his big political mistakes.

He had cheated the British Prime Minister and, by letting him down, therby prepared the way for the revulsion of feeling in England against Hitleris and its methods, which was 10 become complete after the occupation of Prague in March, 1930.

The first interview at Gudesberg-- thus ended without any reference to a subsequent meeting, and until the late afternoon of the following day it looked as if there might be None.

Chamberlain

Tries again

Two written communications were exchanged in the course of the day without producing any modifications n the respective positions.

The British Press even reported that the negotiations had definitely broken down, and in the interval London Informed Prague that could no advise against a Czech inoblilsation, while pointing out, nevertheless, that mobliisation might precipitate a conflict.

The Prime Minister's patience wus, however, not yet finally ex- hausted.

He was unwilling to refuse dis- cussion of proposals which he had not actually seen in writing, and at 5 p.m. that afternoon he instructed Sir Horace Wilson and myself to see Ribbentrop and to suggest that Hitler should embody the exact na- ture of his proposals for the occupa tion of the Sudeten lands in omeial document.

an

it night have been anticipated that Hitler would reject this re- quest on the ground that he had made his proposals suffelently clear verbally in the course of the conversation on the preceding day.

But the war party in Germany was also not yet finally in the ascendant.

Mr. Chamberlain's refusal to re- new contnet had provoked same consternation among the mode- rates in the German camp, and Hitler, in view of the high hopes placed by the German people in - 'Mr. Chumberlain's Intervention was reluctant to break off the negotiations.

Ribbentrop was necordingly in- structed to inform us that à Ger- man meinorandum would be pre- pared:

At 10.30 that night the conver- sations were resumed,

Although Hitler was in a much less truculent mood and even mude an effort to appear conciliatory. his memorandum showed that he

"Willing to work with us for peace in Europe": Signor Mussolini meeting Mr. Neville Chamberlain in the Fuhrer's House, Munich, for the conference which ended in the. famous agraenient.

had not moderated his demands, which were presented in a most peremptory form and described by Hitler as his last word.

berlain, to whom I have ever made a concession."

In this document he required the The Fuehrer

Czechs to begin the evacuation of

the predominently Sudeten stess Was

at un, on September 26, and to complete it by September 20.

Thus, the Czecho-Slovak Govern- ment was to be given a bare forty- eight hours to issue the necessary orders, und only four days in which to evacuate the whole of the Sude- ten land.

IL is cluaradieristle of Ittler's methods of argument that when · the Prime Minister pointed out that this was a sheer Dietats (the word always applied by Itter to the Treaty of Versailles) Imposed en a country voluntarily surren- dering a part of its territory without having been defeated in war, the Chancellor replied:

It is not a Diotale: look, the document is headed by the word *memorandum.***

In the course of the long dis- cussion which followed, Hitler agreed to modify bis time-table slightly, and he also made in his -own handwriting a number of minor alterations designed to nt-

the tenuate

nsperity of the

memorandum.

"You are the only man,,” he said somewhat billerly to Mr. Cham-

relieved

He appeared, however, relieved wiren the Prime Minister finally said that, while he could not accept or recommend the German pro- posals, he could nevertheless, un intermediary, not refuse to sub- mit them to the Czecho-Slovak Government.

AS

Hitler had no desire that the German prople should think that the negotiations had broken down as the result of his own intraust Kency.

He was none the less bent on the military occupation of Czecho-Slo valcu. He hanself was prepared to risk war with Britain, but, on the other hand, his military advisers were not.

On the following morning the Prime Minister left by air · again for London. Thanks to the energy, and drive of Colonel Mason-Mac- farlane (of the British. Embarsy), the German memorandum and the Trump with

Godesberg ling marked on it were in the hands of the Czech Government the anmo night...

the

IL had meant Mason-Macfur- lane's flying back to Berlin, motor- ing to the Czech frontier and then walking ten kilometres in the dark through Czech barbed wire, and other entanglements, at the cons stant risk of being shot as a raider by either Germans or Czechs,

The peak of the crisis was rench- ed after Godesberg. The French mobilised half-a-million men, and the Admiralty, the British Fleet

The French Government re- ofrmed their intention to support Czecho-Slovakin if attacked, and His Majesty's Government simi- larly reasserted their position in nccordance with the Prime Minister's statement of March 24.

IC

Stoff talks between the British and French army chiefs were sumed,, and the Czech Government, encouraged by these demonstra- tions of salidnrity, refused to accept the Godesberg memorandum.

L

It looked as if war was inevitable over the point as to the date and manner in Which the territories, which the Czechs had agreed to cede to Germany, were to be hand- ed over...

TO-MORROW:

Hitler shouts "I will smash the Czechs!"By noxt Monday, we shall all be at war."--A procession that changed. the

Fuehrer's

mind. Goering calle Rib- bentrop a criminal fool.- Italy's eleventh hour inter- vention.

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