1940-04-29 — Page 26

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April 29. 1940.

How Raise

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Nazis In Poland

Two Interesting items of ficws come from Inly. The first is that Ifiller has refused to allow an envoy from the Vatican to visit Poland. It

was generally understood that when Ribbentrop saw the Pope he coin- plained that the accounts given in the broadensts from the Valicam of the sufferings of Poland were based on misleading reports. It is Impossible to discover now the full details of past crimes, but a visit, of Inspection to-day would throw a good deal of REDES JAMAIKOMAD light on present conditions. It Was belleved that Ribbentrop offered facilities for such a visit and that the Pope accepted the offer and suggested the Papal Nunela in Berlin as

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an

envoy. This may or may not be true.

of their decision is obvious. It will

saw.

A forced loan would be paid

by everybody with incomes over

We

Should The Money?

Debate Between..................

J. M. KEYNES &

(The Famous Economist)

☆ ☆

J. M. Keynes: The fate of my proposals mainly depends on how Labour receives then.

Douglas JAY

("Daily Herald "

City Editor)

the whole of the war effort to be shouldered by others.

Jay: Why do you wish to allow the small minority of wealthy (with property of over £10,000) to be pald interest and offered repay- ment for their savings instead of having them appropriated by a Capital Levy?

Do you not agree that a permanent increase in big property-owners" claims

the national Income would be far more evil even than

on

a témporary inflation?

Koynts; I was in favour of a

Capital Levy after the last war, and nearly half the total national In- would be in favour of one after this come and on an estimate of our war, if the circumstances prove potential output.

similar. But it is precisely the fern- Most authorities consider that I porary inflation which will increase- have not gone far enough, and that, the clans of the rich. The object so far from aggregate working-class of my plan is to prevent a repetition. consumption being increased, it will of what happened last time. have to be diminished,

Much better that the working

a certain exemption limit. This Here is what they both have to the Government will have to absorb limit would be something like Bay- '35a. a week for a single person, and 458, for a narried man, with extra allowances for children.

Mr. Keynes believes that this is the only way to stop inflation. He argues that if the mass of the people are not forced to re- duce their spending by a forced loan, prices during the war will rise rapidly, and although wages will follow they will never catch

up.

The majority of the popula tion will thus, he believes, suffer. a permanent loss of real income, Under his plan they would be forced to reduce their spending now, but would get their money back after the war.

'Since Mr. Keynes specially wants the Labour Movement. to consider his plan, the London "Daily Herald" invited him to answer certain questions asked by Douglas Jay, its City Editor.

It is a matter of opinion whether class should have savings than that:

I believe that they are great ly in the interests of the work ing classes and offer the only way by which the worker will the exemption limit should be put they should be deprived of the value obtain a real reward for his at £5 a week or lower. My own of their earnings by inflation, even

feeling is that, while incomes of if the inflation is, temporary. war effort.

less than £5. should be let oft light- I should not oppose a modisention

that Are you nyare

But they are novel, com- ly, the limit of total exemption for of my scheme to allow no interest: on the compulsory savings of the plicated and difficult; capable of a man with a family should be nearer

surtax class. But the idea that the many variations and amend £3.

war can be financed by those with ments and improvements; touch-

over £10,000 a year is a myth, The- ing human and social and poli-

those with Chancellor of the Exchequer has tical, quite as much as econo. less than £5 a week are responsible pointed out that, if the whole of mic, problems. Full public dis- for nearly two-thirds of the whole their incomes were taken away, this cussion both on principle and on I estimate that less than a quarter above a week or ten days out of the consumption of the country? Yet would not keep the wat going for details is very advisable before of my savings-levy would be raised year." we come to a conclusion.

from them.

Jar: By what argument or calcula- It would not be fatal to my scheme

tion exactly do you maintain that to, take more of the savings from Jay: When you first announced forced saving-even by people the class above £5 a week. It is with incomes below 25 a week for others to say whether it would is necessary to pay for the war? be fair that the man with nearly

. Keynes: This calculation is based £5 a week should maintain or in- on the Chancellor's statement that crease his consumption and leave

Read This, Then Ask

Is it really

easy

to

be

Yourself

so brave?

your plan you declared that prices could not be controlled by ration=- ing alone, d it was only a "pseudo-remedy,” But is not rationing an important part of the fight against inflation?

Keynes: There is a good case for establishing a standard subalstence- ration of primary necessities, avefi-- able at a fixed price, with higher- prices for other goods or for larger- amounts.

This is rather T different idea: from "rationing" as at present con- ceived, but I agree that it might be- a useful addition to my plan.

Let me emphasise the main ob- ject of my plan. It will be physical-

tho impossible for

working: clussed to increase their present

ly

consumption. Yet they will be- asked to increase their work. It.

THE war is still being fought while yet, so I didn't hurry-not so because we'd stopped ourselves-not follows that they can only be re-

_ns_you'd_notice, anyway.

Lourselves under control. If It is true, the Nazis have since mainly at sea, no far as

-warded-for-their-increased-work-by "We went up to the bout deck, "In my case I know it was be- being given a title, which will allow thought better of it. The significance Britain is concerned. And from and going past the galley door saw cause I had too much else to think them increased consumption after only confirm the Impression made on the sea we are getting almost Joe, the steward, pretty worried about. I might have gone a bit mad the war.

Ginger, the eat. If my wife and child hadn't been) I do not want all the claims to the Vatican by the news received dally stories of heroism that He couldn't find

So I hops down aft gain, and Joe there, from the Primata of Poland. The rival any of the last war.

future consumption which will arise. goes for❜ard. news of this refusat comes just after

"On the other hand, finding my-out of the increase in the National. As a reporter I have Interviewed

"We had to let up looking for the self uninjured after the first shock, Debt to belong to the richer classes.. the news that the Nazis have asked in the past few weeks scores of little devil when the Old Man yells might even have thrilled at the The working classes cannot be given.. the Government of the United States survivors from ships which were at us to get up to the boat deck, adventure had I been alone. to withdraw its consulate from War-struck without warning.

I can increased present consumption, but. pronto. And it was only when the

say that now I am safe. It's easy they can be given a share in wealth, Let us build up from what these poor ok packel gave a sigh and to be brave with a whole skin on in other words, a claim on future- The acute tension created between people have told me a pleture of up-ended that 1 found I'd left my you." the Nazis and the Vatican by the the scene

consumption. at sen just before the mouth organ behind." behaviour of the

The alternatives to Nazis in Poland enemy strikes.

my plan ali No panie, you will have noticed. gives a specially odd look to the

Then, of course, we must not for mean that the working classes will There is the distant third of the Just a calm survey of the situation get the impressionable mind of the get nothing in return for their extra second plece of news from Rome.propeller. An occasional treak, and and Al few unbelievably For while the Pope has pronounced the regular lapping of cloven waves. thoughts. This, composite-seaman seem to be on board in large num-

casual children who, unfortunately, always hours and effort. such strong condemnation on that be- At their stations are members of have quoted is just un ordinary bers.. And so, haviour, the Italian Government has the crew, their vigilance intensifled seaman who desn't want to die. Hone out of its way to pay a compli- by war-time hazards,

The only reason why he didn't ment to the Nazi ruler of Poland, I cabins and lounges are passen- think of death was because he had Frunk, who has made himself gers-inen, women and children.

every faith notorious by his ruthless oppression.

in, the arrangements And in a flash that unseen hazard made by the Board of Trade for his He is to receive an honorary degree strikes.

safety. from the University of Modena. The The bows of the ship gape wide Не honour is to be given him on the pro-and the foremast reels to port.

excited, yes. But was

posal of the Minister of Justice. In The boat lins struck a mine. Poland, as in Czecho-Slovakia, Nazi

THE CHILD ..

*

Douglas Jay comments: I am glad Mr. Keynes would, not object to abolishing all interest on the com- What effect has a shipwreck on pulsory savings of the surtax class. the very young? It is difficult to it is vital to prevent the National probe Infant minds, but I know of Debt interent bill becoming un- at least one small child who will be manageably large,,, terrified of water for the rest of her If we allow the total debt interest. claims of big property-owners dur- ilow would you behave in such a THE PASSENGER.. She Was # passenger on one ing the war to rise from £250,000,- mined ship with father, mother and 008 to perhaps £1,000,000,000 thero The situation as seen by the pas elder sister. She was only two years will be very little revenue avollable senger is very different. He does!

spite has been vented specially on crisis? the universities. It would be interest- Ing to know how the Orator who

presents Frank for his degree will

There are two distinct types atmong the people

board-the on

frightened.

not

Hife:

touch on this aspect of his energete 1 of course, they react quite different. does not like R. He is not dia- and sister, while still on the decki perlod after the war.

seaman and the passenger. And, not know the sea; in many cases old. Into one boat had gone mother for social services for an indefinite

This tragedy can only be avoided. ly to the crisis before them.

ciplined to meet an emergency on were the small child and her father.

The boat was lowered away-full if we prevent the claims of the rich. What do they think and do during but it is not an enduring lesson.

shipboard. He has his boat drill,

-before the father could place his investors from increasing by In-. those terrible nioments when they

So when the shock comes, he child in the mother's waiting arms. posing an annual capital tax during are face to face with death?

Let me tell you.

feels that death is very near. Hours There were no more honts in the the war,

that side of the ship, afterwards, safe on shore, you stul davits on see the staring, tear-filled eyes that which was setting rapidly.

So he dropped the child the explosion has caused.

THE SEAMAN

Shipwreek is one of the things he

catch her.

Of course, the incomes of those will capital of over £10,000 could: over-not, as Mr. Keynes says, pay for the

career, In the fifties of last century an Austrian marshal who had made himself famous by the cruelty with which he had suppressed Italian and Hungarian rising Was roughly handled by Barclay

Perkins's und draymen when he was rosh enough to visit London. In Brussels he only just escaped with his Me. It would

"My first thought was amazement bourd, hoping against hope that the war. have been a shock to all the British is disciplined to meet calmly. On at the fact that I wasn't hurt. Then mother or samone in the boat, would But by an annual capital tax a

small slice of their securities could. friends of the Italian Risorgimento la u cargo ship every man knows his suddenly tear and dread seized me, those days to know that a German duties. He has no passengers to aid

them "My wife and child were in their She fell into the sea and a sea- be taken from

(2 per cent., who had been even more cruel than and calm. It is simply out with the cabin. How were they? Where was man dragged her by the hair into would raise £250,000,000 a year),. Haynau would one day receive high bouts and over the side.

my life-belt? Had I got my wallet the boat. The father jumped him- and the Government could sell these honour from an Italler university It is cusier to get a boat away on me? Where was our boat sta- self; was resched. by another boat, securities to raise money during the- while still pursuing hla career of from a cargo ship than it is from a tion? crime. The University of Modena

Then, somehow or other, I was Warm and fed, the two-year-old Those with incomes of over £5 a. might recall a famous poem in which

through the smoking room door and Victor Hugo asked a bishop who had story I have been getting from the name. Suddenly I was holding her ordenl when I spoke to the father, securities out of their savings. Their- So this is the sort of survivor-out on the deck, trying my wife's child seemed to have forgotten hier week should be able to buy these hastened to condone the coup d'etat average sermon:

hand and carrying our child.

She was in his arms. Suddenly she total spendable incomes--after do- to wait till the blood had beca

"I don't remember wasted from the pavements. But down in my bunk. My old ticker the three of us must keep together.

thinking of whimpered, burled her head on her ducting present taxation and saving "When It hit ue I was snugged anything else after that other than father's shoulder, and cried:

"Daddy-don't throw me into the If Mr. Keynes would support a are at least £1,500,000,000 a year. the blood shed by Louis Napoleon In did a couple of ups-and-downs, but After the first few moments you water!" December, 1852, was the merest then I remembered I'd gone to don't think of dying.

capital levy after the war, why not: nn nnnuni capital tax during the

passenger Ilner.

On land the family was reunited, wor

trickle compared to the blood shed sleep with my trousers on. I know "I was glad that I hadn't panicked. G. Leslie Carter

by the new Doctor.

our cargo would keep us up for a I saw nobody who did. It wasn't |

war?