1940-03-29 — Page 26

Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

March 29, 1940.

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Friday, March 29, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015

THE prefix "pecial to the Telegraph” is used by the longkong Telegraph to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni. cations Ordinance, 1916. Buch naws as bears the Indication "UP is received in Hongkong on the dato of publication by the United Press Associations, who re- serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangement.

Food Prices And Cost

Of Living

THE cont-of-Bring Index dates from the last war, and its introduction then was symptomatic. In war under modern conditions prices must always keep on rising If they are left to themselves. When they have come to pinch the working-class consumer, determined de- mands are made for higher wages; and these, again, under war conditions can. not long be resisted. But they never permanently overtake prices. For, even if

they do ne temporarily in a particular instance, the increased speiding-power conferred on the workers noon driver the prices higher again. That is the "vicious spiral" which produced the in. ation of 1014-18. It caused unemploy- mont in many classes and hardship in nearly all for nt least ten years after the war was over.

Most people ngree, in the abstract, that we ought now, as far, ns. possible.. to avold repeating R. But how far can we? In "cost of living" there are three main ingredients-foad, clothing, and house-room. It is impossible to prevent the costs of the first two from rising at the source. Both are affected by submarine winkings, by the delays due to convoy, by higher Insurance rates, and the cuse of clothing by heavy extra demands from the armed forces for uniforma. The question is, how for the State should allow these risen to be borne by the ordinary consumer, and how far it can interrone to divert then from him. Two tanin lines of Intervention are open to it--rationing and subeldy.

Rationing checks the price-rise by limiting demand. Subaidy checks it by artificially cheapening up- ply.

In the Inst war neither was resorted to until the struggle find been in pro. Kress for years. By then the upward movement had nequired ʼn tuomentum which could not be arrested, though somo brakes were put on its accelera- tion. In the Brannt war It we in- ovitable that nction should be taken much earllor, Subsidies began about the beginning of last December, and rationing soon after the beginning of this year. According to the full state- mont made in Parilament by Sir John Simon, the prezent coat of the milk subaldy is £230,000 a week, of the meal subsidy £320,000, of the bacon subsidy £80,000, of the broad subsidy £480,000. Thus the Exchequer is. already contri buting £1,116,000 a week to keep down prices to the consumer.

Mr. Keynes has pointed out and Sir John Simon agreen-that subsidies are not a completo polley, and, unless bal- anced by others, may oven be danger. ous. For they encourage consumption, which, generally speaking, needs to bo discouraged. Milk and bread can be justified nu excoptions-milk because Sta production tili leaves a large margin which, for health reasons, it would be batter to sto consumed in the liquid stato broad, because it is a necessity for the poorest and its chaapering does riot cause the better-ta-do to eat more of It. But bacon is rightly, rationed, and meat is about to be.

The motive for rationing, of course, is not merely to keep down coat of liv Ing, but to ecure an equal division of restricted supplies. The question of supplies is primarily one of tonnage, though that of foreign exchange pinya aleo an important part in it. And both are only aspects of a larger proposition, wis, that we can only throw à maximum

of the nation's resources into the moRNE for winning the war, in proportion a we reduce to a minimum the demanda made on thong resources by ordinary civil consumption.

THE TIGER: "You have not offended me in any way. HOW DARE YOU!"

BLITZKRIEG?-the Lowlands

are prepared

O

NCE more in their long history, a history that has earned for them the title of Cockpit of Europe," the Lowland countries are standing to arms,

From the mouth of the River Ems to the hilly borders of Luxemburg a million or more men are ready to meet the in- vasion which

they fear threatens them.

More than half of them are Bel- glans, song of the men who fought desperately to stem the German advanco of 1914, in some cases the men themselves.

The remainder are the Dutch, a- people who have known peace for years, but who are resolutely do- termined to defend the neat farms and tulip fields that are somehow characteristic of Holland's tradi- tion of neutrality.

Once again David faces Gollati.

But both in Holland and Bel- glum it is realised that the two armies, notwithstanding

the provide, cannot hope alone to assistance their natural defences

withhold a German advance for more than a limited time.

There is; however, one important factor in the Lowlanders' defence dispositions. Her own history and the tragedies that have befallen small States in the past few years have taught Belgium to prepare for the worst.

Holland, which for 100 years has avolded war, has been kept fully

BY BERNARD MOORE

Locarno is now a dead letter, the undertaking has been renewed..

Her main defences, therefore, are designed to check an invading force until such time as help could come.

Along her frontier have been bullt tiny concrete pill-boxes hold- ing one or two marksmen only. The men who man these pill-boxes have sworn to die rather than let the enemy pass.

Behind the pill-boxes Στα trenches masked by "ásparagus" beds for tanks. Some miles be- hind the trenches are Belgium's: main dotences, the rivers and canals.

In the north is the King Albert Canal, more than 100 yards wide, with steep, deep banks. Along its 200-mile long south bank les a ne of low businesslike looking forts whose concreto and steel walls are believed to be capable of standing up to any bombardment.

From Liege, itself heavily forti- fed, run three lines of similar forts, most Important of them being that along the rugged banks of the River Mouse.

Talking of this defence line, one humorist said that anyone trying to break through it would need three sults. One, a climbing out- ft to clamber up and down the

EUROPE'S

Informed by her neighbour of THOUGH the war of action has threatening developments. The begun, the "War of Nerves" has

steep river barka; then a diver's sult to cross the water; and finally a suit of heavy armour to get any- where near the forts.

A few years ago Belgium's Air Force was a pathetic handful of rather old-fashioned planes. To- day it is still small compared with the

armadas of the Great Powers, but its commander, Major-General Duvivier, regards it as a swarm with a vicious sting.

Holland's fighting forces, per- haps because they have not fought for so long, are something of an unknown quantity. Last time the Dutch fought in Europe was in 1831, when they conducted a brief 10 days' campaign in connection with the separation of Belgium from Holland.

Her peace-time strength at home la some 10,000 troops in four divi- alons, with an overseas army of 40,000, for, don't forget, Holland has an extensive Empire.

To-day.

she has something under half

a million men under arms, with mobilisation .only partially completed, They have all seen service under the Colours, for Holland has compulsory military service.

Like the Belglans, they have been

*

Intensively trained, and Holland's Army Chief, Major-General I. H Reynders, has worked out a plan of defence particularly suited to the country.

The system of flooding is well known; not so well known aro Holland's skating infantry, armed with Mannlicher carbines, who may one day play the same role in Holland that the crack aklers of Finland are playing to-day.

Unlike Belgium (which has one Ashery protection vessel) Holland: hna.a fleet.

It consists of fivo cruisers carry- ing 0-inch guns, one coastal de- fence ship (11-inch guna), eight destroyers (with four building), 12 torpedo bouts (with 32 buliding), 21 submarines (with nine build- ing), and a number of minelayers and minesweepers.

Her fleet is ninth largest in the world.

Almost as important as

the-

. Army is the potential defence force provided by the Dutch 'population.

All civilians between the ages of 18 and 60 are able to be called. upon to nasist the military authorities.

They may be called upon to re- pair damaged roads, bridges, and. rallways damaged by bombs; to build or pull down fortifications: to build and dig watercourses, help in the reinforcement of dykes and canal banks.

Like Belgium, Holland's Air. Force is small but efficient, con- sisting largely of the famous- Fokker planes.

These are the armies, small but highly-trained, equipped with the latest weapons of war, which walt for any German move against their countries.

Latest nows from the Lowlands is more reassuring. But, even if this crisla blows over too, the Low- landers, armed and resolute, will watch and wait.

FIGHTING-MEN

element of surprise which enabled by no means ended. In view of this Ally and Enemy

the Kaiser's Uhlana to streamit behoves us to make a careful across the Belgian border in 1914 survey of the qualities of our allies can now be discounted.

Personnel

By LEWIS SPENCE

Plan "D" which the Belgian and our focs as Bghting-men, their Army Command put into opera-military paychology, lasting powers. tion during the week-end in the and physical make-up, so that we last stage but one in a defence concerning the reliability of each as Thrice Armed

may arrive at provisional conclusions scheme which has been perfected a factor to be reckoned with. during the past decade by Bel- gium's military experta.

best

The sense of personal enterprise among the Germon peasant rank and. fle is almost nil, that to be found in the city battalions being only a ittle more developed. As has been Bold by a keen observer, there is suicide Cash-point" in the character of the German townsman, a tendency to sudden psychological breakdown and despair when confronted with precisely those overwhelming condi- tlona which bring out the And first, the French,

soldier As a

And there is this to be remembered; } qualities of the Briton. the French pollu varies considerably no public is so liberally educated in from one generation to another. The the political sense as the French. It Unimaginative Leaders Europe of Louis

ouis XIV's time regarded realises precisely for what it is fight- [him much as does the German tog, and a people which knows that Already the peace-ume Army of

No population has been so subject- day, 11 1 rather ferocious

the doctrines and is thrice armed. It may be added fed of $0,000 has swollen to 700,000 men. merciless enemy, overbearing,

of morbid and that in all ages no troops In Europe psychological theorists and pacudo- If it is found necessary to put into somewhat prono to looting. The have ever been the equals of the philosophers, as that of the great operation Plan "E" there will be French grenadier of Napoleon's day French in technical knowledge and German ellies, and this has induced over 1,000,000 men under arms in was usually a gruff, hard-bolled use of their weapons, be these in them Keen sense of the tragedy Boigtum alone.

fellow, tough as hickory, and accus swords, matchlocks, Lewis-guns, or of existence. The modernist tenden- And they will be a highly trained tomed to regard his opponents with modern artillery.

eles In thought of the hyper-"clvi- The conscript of the The German is whose members have all in War, to Judge from soldier as regards weight, romanti-apt to produce what the German lised" communities of Germany arb u good, handy served between 13 and 18 months with the colours, undergoing in-encouragement at the beginning of a adolescent sentiment about military

required a good deal of cally courageous, and with an almost himself calls "brain-sickness" and ya belief that the world is very much tensive preparation. Belgium has night, and occasionally lost heart, but glory. His sense of: esprit-de-corps what Mra. Gamp called "a wale of been pushing on with the meclian- it under dashing leadership, was bold is high, but is apt to partake of the philosophy for a fighting man, even isation of the land army during and lion-like af attack.

sorrowby means the best the past five years,

force

nature of herd-instinct, and the beat

110

She has the latest tank modela The poilu of to-day fan cool, among them are determined Oghters. If he be Intoxicated by Nazi and tractor-mounted guns. Her collected young fellow lithe and in his first years of military life he enthusiasm. frontiera bristie with ingenious than the French soldier of a quarter natured, but a year or so of soldier-

much better developed physically is Usually carefree and

Good-

I fully believe that the German tank trapa designed to frustrate of a century ago. The force now in ing seems to make him sullen and hampered by a wholly unimaginative soldier has nearly always been any attempt at a Blitzkrieg,

and enlightened army which France military tradition, which is a callous strategic dogman, which makes no action is by far the most intelligent dour. He imbibes the Prussian leadership, bound to hard-and-Last has ever put in the Deld, indeed in one and comes to regard himself as provision for unforeseen occurrences. some respects it might be called on a cruel tooth in a great and relent-In such-and-such Ercunstances: "Army of Intellect,"

PLEASE Turn To Pàge 2.......

Belgium knows that Britain and Franco were pledged by the Treaty of Locarno to go to her old if she invaded. ad although

Were

Hess harrow.

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